et~a: KmvoTlKn noaitlkn YlO TnV UYlBlVn KOt OacpOABlO ato BPYOOlOKO nbpl~oaaov

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1 et~a: KmvoTlKn noaitlkn YlO TnV UYlBlVn KOt OacpOABlO ato BPYOOlOKO nbpl~oaaov ELOTlVt;Tpla: EA~ipa Taavt; Mna~aKa, XrUlIKoc; PhD Environmental Eng. revlko Xn~eio KPOTOUC; ncpia'lill'l Me TO op8po 117 KOI 118 Tile; Iuv8nKIle;, nou 0(fJ0 pouv TIlV KOIVWVIKn noaltlkn OTO KpoTIl IltAIl, 11 E mtponn TWV EupwnolKwv KOIVOTnTWV e(fjopilooe 0 no TO 1978 ouo npoypolllloto opooile; Via Tllv u YlelVn KOI OO(fJOAeIO OTllv epyooio. To OUO auto op XIKO npoypolllloto TiTOV ovtlkeillevo OUO lvll(fjioilo TWV TOU IUIl!3ouAiou. To npwto, Tile; 2911e; louviou 1978, ek(fjpo<:el Tllv noaitlkr; 8tAlloll Via Til htilvll IlETPWV we; TO 1982, nou o(fjopouv TIe; XllIlIKEe; ouolee;, TllV npoalllvll KIVOUVWV KOI em!3ao!3wv emmwoewv ono TIe; Illlxovte;, TOV taevxo KOI Tllv em8ew PllOIl TOU epvoolokou nepl!3omovtoe; KOI Til!3ehTi WOIl TWV ov8pwnivwv np08toewv. To oeurepo lvn (fj101l0, TOU 1984, neplexel Til OUVExelO TOU npwtou npovpoililotoe; opoolle; Iov ouvenelo, 11 EmTponri npoxwplloe OTll OUVTO~1l atka ooilviwv YlO Tllv npootooio TWV epyo<:0ilevwv, nou ekti8evtol oe (fjuolkoue; KOI XIlIlIKOUe; KIVOUVOUe; OTllv epyooio, e mo ana TIe; onoiee; exouv ul08etf'18ei ana TO IUIl!3ouAIO. H Olll-llOupyia Tile; eowtepikne; ovopoe;, «11 KOPala Tile; OTpOTllviKrie; YIO Til 061l1l011 Tile; Eupwnile;» neplaoll!3ovel Eva OllllaVTlKO otoixeio KOIVW VIKne; noaltlkr;c;, OUIl(fJWVO Ile TO onoio 11 (fjuolkri KOL olavolltlkr; npoorooio TWV epyo<:0ilevwv onoteaf.::i ulvllaji npotepolotilto. H EmTponn o~lonolwvtoe; TIe; ouvorotlltee; TOU op8pou 118A Trle; EVloiae; EupwnoiKne; npo~ilc;, nou a(fjopo Til!3eATiwoll TWV OUV81lKWV uvlelvric; KOI OO(fJOAeIOe; Tf'le; epyaoiae;, 0 no(fjooloe va oxeolooel Eva VEO npovpaljllo opoaile;, nplv Til AJi~1l TOU oeutepou npoypollllotoe; opaolle; KOI va opvovwoel Via TO 1992 TO Eupwnol KO. ETOe; YVlelvne; KOI AO(fJOAeIOe; Tile; Epyooioe;. Eloaywyi'l To epvooloko nepl!3oaaov VIa TLe; EupwnalKte; KOI votiltee; (EK) onoteaeitol ana OAOUe; TOUe; napo vovtee; nou K080pi<:ouv TIe; OUV8r;Kee; epyaoioe; KOL IOlaiTepo ekeivoue; nou Ilnopei va neplkaeiouv ou VIlTlKOUe; KlVOUVOUe; Via ovem8ulllltee; emmwoele; OTllv uyeio Kal Tllv OO(fJOAelO TWV epv0<:0ilevwv. A- no OUTn Tllv onolvll 11 uylelvn KOI 11 ao(fjoaeio OTO epyaolako nepl!3amov ovtlljetwni<:ovtat Ilo<:i KOI oe ouvepyooia lje TIlV uveia TWV epyo<:olltvwv OTIlV epyooio. ITle; E.K. nepinou 150 ekotollljupio ov8pwnwv e KTi8evTOl oe lleyoail noikiaio enayyeallatlkwv KIVOU VWV, nou onelaouv Tllv uveia KOI Tllv npoowmkri TOUe; oo(fjoaelo. H epyaolakii na80aovio ooxoaeitol ouvri8we; Ile OTUXnlJOTa KOI o08tvelee; ano Tllv epyooio, nou 11 npoanmlkii TOUe; olovvwoll eivol OVTL Keillevo 1l0KPOXPOVlWV opootllplotntwv OTllv KOLVO TllTO evw Ot em!3ao!3eie; emmwoete; TOUe; OVTllleTWni<:ovTOl, lleplka Ii OAlKa, Ile nolkiao Iltrpo. Ilillepo OTllv KOlVOTIlTO 0 ap181l0e; TWV enayyeallo TlKWV OTuXllllOTWV nopoljtvet UlVIlMe;. EKToe; ana Tllv OIKovolllKri TOUe; ollljaoio, 11 onotilllloll TWV KOIVWVlKWV emmwoewv eivol aouvatil, oeoolltvou OTI oev eivol eukoao va ektlil1l80uv 01 lvuxikte;!3a6 [3ee; n va AIl(fJ80uv unolvll 01 llakpoxpoviol nopayovree;, nou oxeti<:ovtol Ile Ta OTUXnllOTO Kat TIe; e noyveallotlkte; 008svelee;. rl' auto Kat unoaoyi<:e TOI OTI TO OUVOAIKO KOIVWVtKO KOI OIKOVOlllKO KO OTOe; TWV enoyyeallatlkwv a08evelwv KOL OTuXIlIlO TWV eivol noau lleyoautepo ano TIe; 0108EOlllee; e KTlllrlOele;. H ouyxpovil TexvoAovio XPIlOlllonolei 01.0 Kat mo npoilvilevec; OtoolKooiee; nou neplkaeiouv VEOUe; KIVOUVOUe;. XPllOlIlOnOtei XllIlLKte; ouoiee; nou oev E XOUV OOKlIJ008ei najipwe; VIa ne; emi3ao[3eie; emmwoele; TOUe; OTOV ov8pwno.. OAOL OL XlllltKoi, (fju OlKOi, Il11XOVIKOi KOL!310AOYlKOi nopoyovtee; Ka8we; KOI 01 lvuxokolvwvikoi ouvteaeotse;. nou oxeti<:o VTOl pe TllV epvooio. nptnel va ovayvwpi<:ovtol eu KOAO KOI va emvxovtol ri va e~aaei(fjovtol Ile TO KOTOAAIlAO IltTPO wote va ono(fjeux8ei!3a6[31l Tile; uveioe; ri OllllOVTlKn Ileiwoll Tile; ao(fjoaeioe;. H npoalllvll, 0 neploploiloe; KOI onou eivol OUVOTOV 11 e~aaellvll TWV enoyyeallotlkwv KIVOUVWV, OUVI OTOUV TO onouoolotepo otoixeio Trle; eupwnoikr;e; noaltlkrie; YIO TllV npootooio Tile; uyeiae; KOI OO(fJO AelOe; TWV epyo<:0ijevwv OTO epvooloko nepl[3oaaov.

2 npo<;; Tl'"!V KOTsu8uvoll OUTiJ 11 KOIVOTllTO svspysi 1J0Vll Tll<;; ij KOlOS ouvepyooio IJS ome:<;; OPyOVWas 1<;;, onw<;; TO EupwnoIKo 'li5puljo YIO Til BSATiwOll TWV Iuv811KWV ZwiJ<;; KOI Epyooio<;;, TO EupwnoIKo KevTpo YIO Tllv Avomu~ll Tll<;; EnOYYSAIJOTlKiJ<;; EKnoii5suall<;;, TO [Hs8ve<;; rpocpsio EPyooio<;;, 0 1l0YKO 01J10<;; 0PYOVIOIJ0<;; Yysio<;;, KOI IJS E8vIKOU<;; Opyo VIOIJOU<;; KOI IVOTlTOUTO SKTO<;; Tll<;; KOlVOTllTO<;;.. Kupl&C; onofpaa&lc; KOI atoxol 10TOPIKO, 11 KOIVOTIKri noaitikij OTOV TOlJeO OPXIOS TO 1959 IJS IJIO oi511yio (10) TOU LUIJ130UAiou Tll<;; EupwnoIKiJ<;; KOlvOTllTo<;; ATOIJIKIi<;; EvE.:pyslo<;; IJS OTOXO Tllv npootooio TWV spyo~oljevwv KOI TOU nall8uoijou ana TOU<;; KIVi5UVOU<;; Tll<;; POi5ISVSPYou OKTlV0I30Aio<;;. LTO ovtiksiljsvo Tll<;; oi511yio<;; nspl AOIJ13ovovTOl OPIOIJOi CPUOlKWV KOI P0i510AOYIKWV no POIJE.:TPWV KOI 0 K080PIOIJO<;; ljeylotou smtpsmou opiou E.:K8so11<;; YIO snoyysaijotis<;; KOI YIO TOV nall 8UOIJO OlO nspll3oaaov TOU. H oi5rwio npol3mnsl S nioll<;; KOlve<;; OPXE.:<;; KOI unoxpewosi<;; YIO CDUOIKOU<;; Kat 10TPIKOU<;; satyxou<;;. Auri] 11 npwtll oi511yio TpOnonoli]811Ks, ov08ewpij811ke KOI EKouYXpovioTllKS noaat<;; cpope<;; llexpi TO llskeljl3plo TOU 1990, EVW SKpslJsi npotooll Tll<;; EnlTponiJ<;; Yla TllV npootooia TWV spya~oljevwv ano TOU<;; Klvi5uvOU<;; KaTO Til IJS TOCPOPO TWV POi5IEVSPYWV anol3ai] TWV. To 1962, 11 EmTponi] 0"llU8UVE OTO KpOTll MeAll (K.M.) 1110 ouotaoll (1) Yla Tllv EIOOYWyiJ Tll<;; 10TPI KiJ<;; Olllv spyooia, onou 11 UYIElviJ Ka80pi~sTOI OOV OUVOPTlloll Tll<;; nolotllto<;; TOU spyoolakou nepi 136MovTO<;;. EKTO<;; ana TI<;; cpuolke<;; nopoljetpou<;; ovacpepetol Kat 11 punavoll TOU oepo ana oeplo, OTIJOU<;;, Kanvo Kal OKovll. LTO napoptllljo nsplaaljl30vstal KaToAoyo<;; TWV snoyysallatlkwv 008SVEIWV, 25 ana TI<;; 0 noie<;; oxsti~ovtal IJE XllIJIKOU<;; napoyovts<;;. LS ou VOPTllOll IJS OUTi) TllV oi511yia li5pu811ks IJE onocpooll TOU LUIJ130UAiou (2) 11 «LUIJ130UASUTlKiJ EmTponiJ YIO TllV AOCPOASIO, TllV YYISIVi) Kat Yyeia OlllV Epyaoio» emcpoptloljevil Ile Tllv avtomayij nallpocpopi WV KOI sljnslpia<;; OTOV TOlJea, OE OUVOPTllOll IJS Tllv unopxouoo KOI Tllv npol3aenoijsvll VOll08soia. Ms TO 4JiJCPIOIJO TOU 1974 (3), TO LUIl130UAI0 ul08etllos TO J10 oi511yia (11) nou Eml30AAel ljetpa OIJOIOIJOPCPIl<;; nposli5onoilloll<;; KIVQUVWV OTOV spyaoloko Xwpo, YIO Til IJsiwOl"J KIVi5UVWV ana otuxijljola KOI snoyysallatlke<;; 008tvele<;;, nou si XOV ou~1l8ei OfllJaVTlKa IlS TnV saeu8spll i5lokivllon epyo~oljevwv KOI npoo(j)spoljevwv UnllPSOIWV Ola K.M. To 1J0volJspe<;; I3IVUAOXAwpii510 EivOl TO npwto TO~I KO XnlJlKO ana TO onoio 01 e:pyo~oijevoi npooto TeUOVTOI ana TO 1978 IJS oi5nyio TOU LulJl3ouAiou (12), n onoio Se:oni~EI avwtata opla atijoocpolpikr;c; OUYKe:vrPWOe:w<;; 1J0VOIJe:pOU<;; J3IVUAOXAWPli5iou OTOV epyooioko Xwpo KOt K080pi~el TI<;; IJsS6i5ou<;; IJE.:TPTJOTJ<;; KOI TTJV ovtoaaayij nallpocpoplwv. To nptdto npoypollllo 6paal1C;, Me: TO ljjijcplolja TOU LUIJ130UAiou TOV louvto TOU 1978 (4) i5laijopcpwvovtoi ne:ploootspo PSOAIOTlKt<;; ovtlai]ljjsi<;; YIO TO spyaoloko nspll3amov Kat 8soni ~etoi npoypaljljo i5pootj<;; TWV E.K. YIO TllV OocpoAsla KOt UYISIVr; Tll<;; spyooia<;;, onou i5tacpoivstat 11 noai TlKiJ 130UAlloTJ VIO TllV ECPOPIJOYiJ TOU npoypoijijoto<;; IJe:Ta~u LKono<;; TOU npovpaijijoto<;; e:i VOl 11 au~lloll TTJ<;; npootooio<;; ana SnOVVEAlJaTl KOU<;; KIVQUVOU<;; KOSe: Tunou 1Je: Tllv au~llon Tll<;; 0 note:ae:oijotlkotilta<;; TWV ljetpwv npoail4jll<;; KOI TOU noiotlkou e:atvxou K08wC; Kal 1Je: TOV easvxo TWV Ktvi5uvwv. 01 KUPIOI OTOXOI TOU npovpoljljatoc; OUVOljJi~OVTOI W<;; e~ij<;;: * AlTloAoyia aa8evelwv Kal atuxlllultwv nou auv6tovtai Ile Tllv epyaaia:. EpEuva Yla TllV sktiijllon TTJ<;; ouxvotllto<;;, TOU IJEve80u<;; KOI TWV amwv TWV e:pvoolokwv atuxn IJOTWV, KOSW<;; Enioll<;; Tn<;; SVnOIIJOTIlTO<;;, TWV 0 OSe:Ve:IWV KOI TWV OVOPPWTlKWV Oi5e:IWV, nou axe: Ti~oVTOI lje TI<;; snovveallatlke<;; ao8evsis<;;. * npoataaia ano TIC; emkiv6uvec; ouale.;: KoSo PIOIJOC; Tn<;; opoaovioc;. EVOPIJOVIOIl TWV opiwv E.:K8eon<;; VIO e:mae:vljeve<;; ouois<;; K080PIOIJO<;; 0 piwv ek8e:on<;; VIO ouois<;; KOpKIVOYOVe:<;;, YIO TOV OlJiOVTO, TO OPOe:VIKO, TO K0i5,.II0, TO IJOAUI3i50 KOI TOU<;; XAWpIWlJeVOU<;; i510aute:<;;. YloSeTnOll KOlviJ<;; IJe:Soi5oAoVio<;; VIO TnV EKTilJnoTJ TTJ<;; e:mklvi5uvo TTJTO<;; OTnV uveio 1Je: TO~IKOAOVIKe<;; ljeatte:<;; KOI nanpocpoptjon Via TTJ XPiJOll TWV evtoijoktovwv. napaoltoktovwv i) TI<;; nopanavw e:mkivi5uve:<;; ouoie:<;;. * npoalllllll TWV KIV6uvwv Kal TWV empaapwv e nlntwoewv TWV Illlxavwv: Ka80pIOIJO<;; OVWTO TWV opiwv 80pu13ou KOI i5ovijoewv OTO e:pvoolo KO nepll3maov Kal EmTpe:mo e:ninsi5a 80pu13ou TWV IJTJxavwv. * noiotikoc; taeyxoc; Kat em8ewpil0fl - PdTIwall TOU Tponou avtllletwmollc;: Av6mu~1l KOIvr;c; IJESoi50AOVio<;; VIO TllV nopokoaousllon TWV OUYKe:VTPWOe:WV TWV punwv KOI TWV ne:plj3omo VTlKWV ouv811kwv OTTJV EPyooio. EcpoPlJoVr; i5tsp VOOTllPIOKWV npovpoljljotwv KOI ulosttllotj 1le:8oi5wv avacpopo<;; YIO TOV npooi5lopioijo TWV onoui5atotepwv punwv. Lxei5100IJo<;; nopoxijc; natjpo CPOPIWV YIO SelJOTO UYIEIVi)<;; Kat OOCPOAEIOC; oe: 1 i5laite:pec; KOTnVopie:<;; epyo~oljevwv. QC; ouvensla autou TOU ljjllcpioljoto<;; TO LUIJ130UAl0 ul08ertjoe TO 1984 oonvio (13) VIa TTJV npootooio TWV epvo~oljevwv ana TOU<;; KIVOUVOU<;;, nou oxe:ti ~OVTOI 1Je: Tllv ekseoll oe: XllIJIKOU<;;, CPUOlKOUC; KOI 1310AOVIKOUC; nopovovte:<;; OTllv e:pvooio, nou npol3at

3 1992 nel Til 8tomoll TWV «KOlVWV APXwv» OTa K.M. Yla Til M4Jll IltTPWV OTOV epyaolako Xwpo WOTe va anoepeux8ei n va llelw8ei OTO emxloto npaktlko i5uva TO enineoo 11 EK8eor; TOU~ oe TtTOIOU~ napoyovte~. H oolwia autr; npooapllootllke OTllv TexvIKn npoooo Tll~ emotnllll~, onw~ npo!3mnetoi, TO H oollyia npo!3atnel TOV neploplollo KOI Tr)V anayapeuoll av eivoi anapaitt]to TT]~ XpnoT]~ TtTOlWV napayovtwv, TOV neploplollo TOU apl81l0u TWV epya Z;olltvwv nou eivoi m8avov va ekte80uv. TOV Ka80 PlOlla avwtotwv opiwv tk8eot]~, Tl~ olaolkaoie~ oelyllatoat]4jia~. Tl~ i5laoikaoie~ ljerpt]ot]e; KOI a ~LOA6yT]oT]e:; TWV anoteaeollotwv. Ta ollaolko KOI npoowmko IltTpa npootaoiae;, TT]V evt]ljtpwot] TWV epyaz;oljtvwv yla TOU~ OUVT]TlKOUe:; KlVOUVOUe:; Kat TT] OUOTT]llaTlKn IOTpIKn napakoaou8t]0t]. fla TT]V tk8eot] oe OpIOl..ltvee:; XIlIJIKte:; ouoie~ anw~ TO a KPUAOVITpiAIO. 0 alliavtoe:;. TO apoeviko, TO!3evZ;o AIO, TO KOOlllO, 0 uopopyupoe;. TO VlKtAIO, 0 1l0AU!300~ KOI Ol XAwpIWllevOl uopoyovov9pakee:;, nou neplaal..l!3ovovtol we; napoyovtee; npotepolott]tae; OTO npooaptt]ljtvo napoptt] 1-10, anoltouvtoi 101ai Tepa auott]po Ilerpa. ITO nveulla TT]e; oot]yiae; ul08etn8t]kav eniolle; 1 olaitepee; oot]yiee:; (14,15) Ile avwtota emtpemo 0 pia Yla TO llaau!300 KOI TOV alliavto KOI Ta TexvlKo xapaktt]piotlko OxeTlKO Ile TOV eaeyxo TOUe; KOI ilia oot]yia (16) nou anayopeuel TT]V napaywyn Teooopwv XlllllKWV OUOlWV. napomt]aa T] EmTponn une!3ame TO 1986 TT]V npataon TT]e; OTO I U 1J!30UAIO (17) yla avwtota emtpemo apia 100 XT]I..lIKWV OUOlwv. Ana autte:; 1l0VO 27 ellepaviz;ovtal OTO napoptt] Ila TT]~ oollyia~ 91/322/EOK KOI 1l0VO Ile «evi5el KTlKee:; Tlllee:;» (29) avti TWV avwtotwv emtpemwv opiwv. ITO 1010 npoypalllla OPOOT]e:; OUO eni nmov oot]yiee:; (18,19) npo!3mnouv lletpa Yla TOUe:; KIVOUVOUe:; ana lleyoaa!310i..lt]xaviko atuxnllata KOI TT]V npooraola ana KIVOUVOUe:; nou oxeriz;ovtal Ile Tf)V tk8eot] OTO 80pu!30 KOTO Tf)V epyaoia. To ~ im:po npoypojjjjo ~paa'lc;, ApXloe Ile TO 4Jneplolla TOU IUIl!3ouAiou TO ede!3pouapio TOU 1984 (5), OTO iolo nveulla Ile TO npot]youl..levo npaypalllla Kat Ile 10laiTepll ellepaofj OTT]V npootaoia ana emkivouvee:; ouoiee:;, Ta epyo VOIlIKO Ilerpa Yla TT]V npootaoia ana atuxnl..lota KOI ouokoaee:; KOTaOTaoel~. TT]V opyovwot] TWV aplloolwv UnT]peOlwv Yla Ta npo!3milota uylelvne; KOI a oepoaela~ TT]~ epyaoiae;, Trlv eknaioeuot] KOI evt]ilepwofj. TT]V epeuva KOI Tf) ouvepyaoia Ile TOV nayko OpyavlolJo Yyeiae:;. TO Llle8ve~ fpaepeio Epyaoia~ Ka8w~ KOI e8vikte; opyavwoele:; Kat IVOTlTOUTa ekto~ TT]~ KOIVOTT]Tae;. To TpiTO npoypojjjjo ~paa'l~, Me TrIV unoypaepn TT]e:; EVlaiae; EupwnaIKne; npa ~T]~, ana TO 1986 au~n8t]kav OUOlaOTlKO 01 OUVOTO TT]Tee; TT]e; EmTponn~ Yla TT]V npayllatonoillot] TT]e:; noaitlkne:; TWV E.K. OTO epyaolako nepl!3oaaov. To op8po 118A TT]e; EVlOia~ EupwnaiKne:; npo~t]e; 8erel OTOXOUe; Yla evapllovioilevee:; ouv9n Kee;. 10IalTepa OTO epyaolako nepq3amov Ka9we:; KOI Yla!3eATiwoT] TT]e; npootaoiae; TT]e; uyeiae; KOI aoepoaelae:; OTT]V epyaoia, TOl..leie; nou anoteaouv OUOlaOTlKO xapaktt] PIOTlKa TT]e:; KOIVWVIKn~ i5lootaot]e:; TT]e; eowtepikne; ayopo~. To op9po 118A naptxel OTO I UIJ!30UAI0 TT] OUVOTO TT]Ta va anoepaoiz;el, navw oe npotaoele; OOT]Ylwv TT]e:; EmTponne;, Ile «nolotlkn naei04jt]epia», oe ouvepyaoia I..le TO EupwnaiKO KOlV0!30UALO Kat aepou ouil!3ouaeu9ei TT]V OIKOV0I..lIKn KOI KOlvWVlKTi Em Tponn, Yla TIe; «emxiote~ anoltnoele:;» nou nptnel va eepapllooouv!3a9lllaia TO K.M. H ouvalllkri TT]e; eowteplktie; ayopoe; anoteaei Yla TT]V KOIVOTT]ra TO loxupo epyaaeio Yla TT]V TeAIKTi npow9t]ot] TT]e:; no AITlKTie:; TT]e:; KOI TWV OIOTa~EWV Yla TO epyaolako nepl!3amov. ITT] l\eukti Bi!3AO Yla TrW OAOKMpwoT] TT]e:; eowteplkti~ ayopo~, f) EmTponri eaal3e un04jf) «Tle:;!3a8uTepe~ OITie~ Yla TT]V unap~t] ellnooiwv OTO ellnoplo» Yla TT]V OpOT] TWV onoiwv analteitat lleta~u TWV omwv Kal «T] 10013apn~ v0i-i0getlkn 0 VTll..leTWmof) TWV KpOTWV MeAwv OTT]V npooraoia TT]e:; uyeiae; Kat Tf)e:; aoepoaelae;». ITT] vea VOl..l08eTlKTi!300T], T] EmTponTi KOIVOnoiT]oe OTO IUlll3ouAIO TO veo npaypalllla i5paot]e:; (6) nplv TT] ATi~T] TOU np0t]youilevou, TO onoio eylve anooe KTO Ile 4JTieplolla TOU IUIJ!3ouAiou TO LleKelJ!3pT] TOU 1987 (7). Me auto unooelkvuetal OTT]V EmTponTi va oxeolooel npaktlko nmva epyaoiae:;, KOTO npotillt] at] oe ettiola!300t], oe otevri ouvepyaoia Ile TOU~ e8vikoue:; etaipoue:; KOI TT] I U I..l130uAeuTlKTi EmTponTi Yla TT]V npooraoia TT]e:; aoepoaelae:;, uylelvtie:; KOI u yeiae:; OTnV epyaoia. ITO iolo 4JTiepIOlla, TO IUlll3ou AIO avayvwpiz;el TOV Kupiapxo paao TT]e; evt]llepw 0T]~ KOI aepunvlon~ TOU KOIVOU yla TT]V emtuxia TOU npoypal..ll..lotoe:; Kal oullepwvei OTT]V avaktipu~t] TOU 1992 we:; EupwnaiKou troue:; Yla TT]V aoepoaela, u YlelvTi Kat uyeia OTT]V epyaoia. To veo npoypal..ll..la OpooT]e:; Aal..ll3ovel uno4jt] TT]V npoooo TWV ouo nponyoul..levwv Kat emkevtpwve TOI OTle:; «eaoxiote~ anatttioele:;» Yla TT]V opyavwofj TT]~ npooraoiae:; TWV epyaz;ol..levwv oe KOIVOTIKO e nineoo. napoi..iola, 0TllV opyovwoll TOU epyaolakou xwpou Kal TT]V npootaoia ana TOUe:; KIVOUVOUC; TWV emklvouvwv OUOlWV nepiaal..l!3av0l..levwv Kat TWV KapKlvoyOVwv. Ie auto TO nveul..la, npenel va AT] ep8ei Una4JT] T] apxri TIle:; unokatootaof)e; ana avayvwplollevec; I..IT] emkivouvee; Ti AlyoTepo emkivouve~ ol)oiee;. Ana Tle:; 10 npotooel~ OOT]Ylwv TT]e:; EmTponTie:; TO

4 50 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO louh.-auy IU~130UAI0 UI09E:TTloe TTlV Kupla ootlyia 89/6311 EOK Kal oe ecpap~oyr; TOU op9pou me; 16. E:~I elol KE:e; ootlyiee; OxeTiKO ~e T1''JV opyovwotl TOU xwpou epyaoiae; (21-28). H E:Km elolkri oorlyia (27) oroxeuel OTTlV npooraoia TWV epyae::o~e:vwv ana TOUe; KIVouvoue; nou eival ouvatov va npokatl90uv ana TTlV ekgeotl omv epyaoia oe KapKlvoyovee; ouoiee;. ria TOUe; okonoue; TTle;. enwcpeaeital me; npo60ou TWV epyaolwv orov TO~E:a TTle; Ta~lvO~TlOTle;. OUOKeuaoiae; Kal emor;~ovotle; TWV emklvouvwv OUOlWV KOI napaokeuao~otwv Kal TOU EupwnaiKou EupeTTlpiou TWV XTl~IKWV OUOIWV TOU E~nopiou (EINECS). nou exouv KQTOXWPllgei np0'iovta. H 0011 via npol3atnel enione; OTO napoptil~a III Yla OVWTa TO emtpemo opla E:Kgeone; oe KapKlvoyovee; ouoiec; avoaoya ~e Tllv Tal;lvO~lloti TOUe;. TeAOe; elolkti oorlylo (28) otoxeuel OTIlV npootaoia TWV epya~o~evwv ana KIVOUVOUe; npoepxo ~evoue; ana [310AOYIKOUC; napayovtee; n.x. ~IKPOOpyavlo~oue;. nepiaa~~vo~evwv KOI TWV yevetlko Tpononolll~evwv. KUTapIKee; KaAAlepyelee; KOI av 9pwmva ev{)onapoolta. nou eival ouvatov va npo KaMoouv ~OAUVOn. amepyia, ti TO~IKOTIlTa. To &Up(a)naiKo ttoc; Via 11'Iv aacpcia&la, 11'Iv UVI&tV~ Kat uyeia O1TJv epvaaia. Anocpaoi091lKe Yl' auto TO XPOVO, ~e mv OAOKAr; PWOIl TOU TeAeuTaiou npoypo~~otoe; opoonc;. wote va yivel KOI a~lomylloll TWV anoteaeo~orwv TOU, Tile; ouvoxtie; omv ekteaeoli TOU Ka9we; KOI me; M o~euoile; TWV epyoootwv Kal TWV epyae::o~evwv Yla TTlV npooraoia Tile; aocpoaelae;. Tile; UYleIVr;e; KOI TTle; uyeiae; oro epyaolako nept[3amov. nap' TIlV emelljjll IKaVOnOlllTlKWV KOI eykupwv otolxeiwv oe eupwnaiko enineoo. TO 0lageOl~a oeoo~eva OTa K.M. napexouv ~la IMa TOU UljJllAOU KO OTOUC; TWV emmwoewv TWV atuxil~otwv KOI enayyea~atlkwv a0gevelwv oe opoue; KOIVWVIKOUe; KOI 0logeolle; av9pwmvou ouva~ikou. ria TO 1984, TO nooov TWV anoe::il~iwoewv nou KaTe13M91l Yla Te TOla atuxti~atq KOI aogevelee; unoaoyie::etol oe MECU Yla TO OUVOAO Tile; KOlvoTIlTae;, 011 Aaoti 7% TOU OUVOAOU TWV oonavwv Yla mv ampo Aela uyeiae;.!uljq)wva ~e Tllv npotaoll Tile; EmTpontie; KOI TIlV anocpaoll TOU!ulJl3ouAiou TOV 10UAIO TOU 1991 (9), TO eupwnaiko etoe; nepiaa~[3ovel ~la oelpo opaomplotiitwv Yla mv npow91l01l KOI Til otl~oolonoi TloTl Tile; a~iac; TOU evtunwotokou naketou TWV lje TPWV Tile; KOtVOTTlTae; orov TOlJea. 0 OTOxOe; OIKOlO AoyeiTOl ana TIlV avoyktl: * va onokaauljjel, ljeoa OTO nveulja Tile; EOWTepl KriC; Ayopoe;. m otli.iaoia TWV KOIVWVIKWV Kat 01 KOVOIJIKWV anoljjewv TWV npo[3m~otwv nou oxe Tie::oVTOl ~e Tllv aocpoaela, TTlV uylelvli KOI mv u yeia OTIlV epyaoia, nivoko<; T6)V VOP08 TIKc;,V npci~ 6)v Yla 111v CPOPPOY~ 111<; KOIVOTIK~<; noaitik~<; OTO PYOOlaKO n plpciaaov. Rei. Act: Recommendations, Decision Subject Publication sresolutions, Directives, etc. Recommendation of the Commission to the M.S. Medicine of work in the O.J. L 80/62 2 Council Decision: Creation of the Advisory Committee on 74/32S/EEC and health at work O.J. L Council Resolution: Social action programme for improvement of 21 Jan of and conditions O.J. C Council Resolution: of 29 June Council Resolution: of 27 February Commission Communication on 3 Febr Council Resolution: of 21 December Commission Proposal of 13 Nov First Action Programme of the E.C. on and health at work Second action programme of the E.C. on safety and health at work On itw programme concerning safety, and health at work O.J. C O.J. C O.J. C 28/88 O.J. C 28/88 For a Council Decision on an action programme for the European year, 1992 O.J. C 293/90 9 Council Decision On an action programme for European year 91/388/EEC of and health at work O.J. L 214/91

5 10UA.-AuV TeXVIKcl XPOVIKcl EI~IK&C; O~l1yi&C; Yla T1')V npoolaoia OlO &pyaoiqko n&plpaaaov Dir. of 2 Febr Fixing standards for health protection of the workers of the EAEC against ionizing radiation, revised by a directive of 5 O.J. L 11/59 Feb as to the annexes O.J. L 57/62 Dir 76/579/EEC Definitions and modification of standards for O.J. L (Euratom) workers protection by ionizing radiation. O.J. L 246/80 Supplemented and modified by the Dir. 79/343 O.J. L 265/84 80/836 84/467/Euratom/EEC and 90/641 O.J. L 349/90 11 Dir.77/576/EEC On provisions of safety signs at place of work O.J. L 229/77 Adapted to technical progress by dir. 79/640 O.J. L 183/79 12 Dir. 78/610/EEC Health protection of workers exposed to VC I O.J. L 197/78 13 Dir.80/1107/EEC Protection of workers from risks related to exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents O.J. L at work (common principles) Dir. 88/642/EEC Adaptation to technical progress O.J. L 356/88 14 Dir. 82/605/EEC Protection of workers from risks related to exposure to metallic lead and its ionic compounds O.J. L 247/82 15 Dir.83/477/EEC Protection of workers from risks related to asbestos at work (amended as to the limit values in 1991) O.J. L 263/83 16 Dir. 88/364/EEC Protection of workers by the banning of certain and work activities O.J. L 179/88 17 COM (86) 296 Commissions proposal for exposure limit values for 1DO selected chemicals O.J. C 164/86 18 Dir. 82/501/EEC On the major accident hazards of certain industrial activities O.J. L 230/82 19 Dir. 86/188/EEC Protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to noise at work O.J. L 137/86 20 Dir. 88/383/EEC Providinf for the improvement of information on safety, hygiene and health at work O.J. L 183/88 21 Dir 89/391/EEC Introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work O.J. L 183/89 22 Dir. 89/654/EEC Concerning minimum safety and health requirements for the workplace O.J. L 393/89 23 Dir. 89/655/EEC Concerning minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work O.J. L 393/89, 24 Dir. 89/656/EEC On the minimum health and safety requirements for the use by the workers of personal protective O.J. L 393/89 at 25 Dir. 90/262/EEC On the minimum health and safety requirements for the handling of loads where there is a risk of back O.J. L to workers 26 Dir 90/270/EEC On the minimum safety and health requirements for work with O.J. L 156/90 27 Dir. 90/394/EEC On the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens at work O.J. L 196/90 28 Dir. 90/679/EEC On the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work O.J. L 374/90 29 Dir. 91/322/EEC On establishing indicative limit values by Dir. 80/11 07lEEC O.J. L 177/91 3D Dir 91/328/EEC Amending Dir. 83/477/EEC on the protection of workers from to asbestos at work O.J. L 206/91

6 * va acpunvioel TOUC; epva~ollevouc;, TOUC; epvo06 Tec; Kal T11 veoaaia Yla TOUC; KIV(5UVOUC; otov epyaotako Xwpo Kat Tl Ilnopei va yivel yla T11V avtllletwmm; TOUC;. npoc; T11V KaTeu6uvOll autli, 11 KOIVOTIlTa aveaal)e ouvtoviollevec; (5paoelC; oe ouvepyaoia Ile Ta K.M., TOUC; KOIVWVIKOUC; etaipouc; Kat TlC; (51l1l0OteC; li 161 WnKE:C; opyavwoelc;. IUj.lnepaOj.laTa LTO ECDIN (Environmental Chemical Data and I nformation Network), 01 nailpocpopiee; Via T11V e navveallatlkli uveia Kal aocpaaela (OHS) oxeti~o VTal lletq~u TWV amwv Kat lje Ta avwtata emtpema opla OUYKeVTpwoewv yla enavveallatlkli ek6e 011, nou ul06etli61lkav yla 0plolJevee; ouolec; oe 1510 cpopec; xwpec;. Ta (5e(5olleva auto exouv oumeyei ana Til I)ll)Aloypacpia li oe ouvepyaoia Ile 18 YVWoTO IVoTlTOUTQ onwe; TO IRPTC/UNEP. TO Llle6veC; rpacpeio Epvaoiac;, TO E6vIKO IVoTlTOUTO Yla TIlV E navvealjatlkli AocpOAela Kat Yveia (NIOSH) oto Cincitali Kat OAAa. LTO ECDIN unopxouv avwtata emtpemo opla OU YKevTpwollC; Yla 1800 X11IlIKec; ouoiec; oe 35 xwpec;, onwc; HnA (700), lanwvia (200), Kavai5Gc; (587) K.O.K. MeplKeC; EupwnalKeC; xwpec; exouv Ii npokeltal va ul06etrioouv Ta i5lko TOUC; opla. evw omec; avacpe POVTat onc; aljeplkavikee; TllJeC; onwc; ouvlotwvtal ana TO ACGIH (American Conference of the Governmetal Industrial Hygienists), ljepike:c; ana TlC; onoiec; eivat napolj01ec; npoc; ekeivec; T11C; v01l06eoiac; TWV HnA OT11 voij06eoia TOU OSHA Kat i51lijooieullevec; OT11v enio11ljfl olloonovi5lakli ecpllllepi(5a. napotl OTa lijllcpiollata TOU IUlll)oUAIOU ekcppo~e Tal Ka6apa 11 avoyk11 Yla TIlV ul06et11011 avwtotwv opiwv enavveallatlkric; ek6eollc;. TeTola opla ljexpi Twpa exouv 6eoma6ei 1l0VO Yla lleplkec; emkiv(5uvec; ouoiec;. (5IlAa(5ri TO I)IVUAOXAWpii510, TO 1l0AU 13(50, TOV alliavto, TO I3eV~OAIO Kat npoocpata 1l0VO «evi5eiktlkec; nllec;» Via MAeC; 27 ouolec; (29). Eivat cpavepo on 01 neploootepec; npwtol)ouaiec; TWV EK otoxeuouv Kupiwe; otilv opyavwoll TOU xwpou epyaoiac; Via TIlV npoalllljll TWV KIV(5UVWV Kat IlOVO neploplolleva ot11v Ka61epwOll avwtotwv opiwv E:K 6eOIlC; AUTli eivol ilia i5lacpopenkli npooe:vvio11 ana ekeivll nou ul06trlloav MAec; xwpec; onwc; 01 HnA, Il lanwvia, 0 Kavai5Gc;, onou 6eonioTIlKe ilia oelpa opiwv (TLV-TWA, TLV-STEL. TLV-Ceiling, MAK K.a.). avoaoya Ile Tllv m6avotilta TIlC; ek6eollc; ot11v epyaoia Kal TO eii5oc; TOU m6avou Klv(5uvOU yla TOUC; epva~ollevouc;. LluoKoAiec; Kal Ka6uoTeplioelC; OTIC; E.K. yla Tllv 0 AOKAlipwoll TIlC; ekcppaoilev'1c; noaltlklic; TOU IUIl 1)0uAiou. Ile 6eanloll TWV anoltoullevwv (5laTo~ewv. npenel va anoi506ei otilv avenopkela TIlC; voiliklic; I)oolle; nplv TO 1986, (5IlAa(5li Ta op6pa 117 Kat 118 TIlC; Iuv6liKIlC; nou acpopouv Tllv KOlvwvlKli noaltl KIi, xwpic; ev TOUTOIC; va (5leuKoAuvOUV yla evapljo VIOIlE:Vec; ouv6likee; oto epyaotako nepil)omov. OTa K.M. na TIlV anoi5oxn TeTOlwv oi5llylwv npoono6eall litav '1 0IlOcpwv'1 ano(5oxri TOUC;, yevovoc; nou e (5lve Til i5uvatotilta OTIl llelolljllcpia va (5uvaIlITi~el Ka6e cpopo Tle; npotaoele; Tile; EmTpomie;. Me TIlV EVlaia EupwnaiKn npo~1l Kal ne; el(5ikee; pu6llioele; TWV ap6pwv 118A Kal 118B, nou e~aocpaai :ouv Til AlillJll anocpaoewv OTO I UIlI)OUAIO Ile nolotlkli naeiollj11cpia. eivat cpavepo on 01 E.K. 6a KaTop6woouv va ul06etnoouv TIe; (5IQTo~ele; nou 6a emtpelljouv T'1V npoallllj'1, TOV neploploijo Kat onou eivat (5uvaTov T'1V e~oaelllj'1 TWV nooile; cpuowe; e nayyeallatlkwv KIV(5UVWV oto epyaolako nepll)oa AOV. To npoypaljlja (5pao11e; , '1 eloavw li TWV LleATiwv Lle(50llevwv AocpaAeiae; yla T1'lv aocpaali xpnoll TWV emklv(5uvwv XIlIlIKWV OUatWV oto epvaatako nepll)aaaov, 01 llellovwllevec; Kat ouvi5uaolltvee; evepve1ee; Via T'1v ektilj'1o'1 T'1e; emklv(5uvotil Tae; (Risk Assessment), Yla TOV ov6pwno Kat TO nepil)omov. ana nomoue; TO~IKOUe; napayovtec; lje 1)0 all Tle; anattoullevee; TO~IKoAoYIKee; Kal MAec; lleat Tee;. Kal TtAoe; Il opyavwoll TOU EupwnaiKou. E TOUe; VIO T'1v AocpMela, T'1V YVlelvn Kat TIlV npootaoia Tile; Yveiae; OTflV epvaoia, OAa auto ano(5el KVUOUV TIlV npo6ean Tile; KOlvOT'1Tac; Kal TIe; me: oele; nou aokouvtat Via TrW oaokalipwo'1 TWV (5paoT'1PIOTriTWV, nou 6a e~aocpaaioouv tva KaAUTepo Kat aocpamotepo epvaatako nepil)omov OTa KpaTIl MtA'1