0ttJa: Rany - Motor: evac; veoc; KLVTlTnpac; eoooteplknc; KauOTlC;.

Transcript

1 0ttJa: Rany - Motor: evac; veoc; KLVTlTnpac; eoooteplknc; KauOTlC;. ElOTJYl1Tr;<;: np. Mn&KlapoyAou, Ka811Yl1Tr;<; Ana. EloavwVrl 'Eva~ KatVOUPIO~ KIVI1T1'1pa~ eown;pikt]~ KauOll~ I3pi OKeTal oe e!;eai!;1l OTO EpyaOTT]plO <IlUOIKT]~ Xlllleia~ Tll~ noautexvikt]~ LXOAT]~ TOU navemotlllliou 6eooaAoviKll~ EKaTO nepinou XPovla lleto TllV ellq>ovtrn1 TaU, 0 ouill3atiko~ KtVllTTJPa~ eowteplkti~ KauCTIl~, OTllv Otto ti Diesel 1l0Pq>i) TOU, Kuplapxei OTIl lleyaautepll neploxti TWV IlllXavwV napaywyt]~ epyou, xwpi~ KOTO 130 So~ vo exel UnOOTel KOIlIO CTIlllaVTlKti l3eatiwctil 0Tllv apxikti TOU ouaallljjll. AKolla Kat rn1llepa TO elll3oao KlveiTet ana TO IlllxaVIOIlO TOU OTPOq>OAOU Kat II eloa YWYti Kat e!;aywyti TWV aepiwv pusllil;etat ana l3aal3ioe~. AUTO oq>eimtat OTO OTI, TOOO 0 IlllxoVtOIlO~ TOU OTPOq>aAOU 000 Kat 11 PuSlltCTlllle Tl~ I3OAl3ioe~, emte AOUV Ile ouvenela TO epyo TOU~, xwpi~ vo aq>tivouv vo unonteusei Kav KOVel~ OTl 11 napouaia TOU~ OTllV npayllattkotllta eml30aael Ta apia TWV OUVOTOTtiTWV TOU oulll3atlkou KlvllTtipa eawteplkti~ KauCTll~. <IlaiVeTat OIlW~ OTl nallolol;el II enoxti nou 0 elll3oaoq>opo~ KlvllTtipa~ oev So Ilnopei mo va OVTanOKplSei OTt~ auvexw~ au!;avolleve<; anatttioel~, loiw~ oe O,TI aq>opa TllV nolotllta TWV Kouooepiwv TOU. npo~ TO nopov, 0 KaTOAUTlKO<; KOSOPIOIlO~ TWV Kouaoepiwv Kal II llaektpovlkti puslllall TWV AeLTOupYIWV TOU Kt VllTTJpa q>aivetoi vo npooq>epouv Konolo Mall, nou autt] Til OTIYllti IlOAI~ enapkei. LTO lleaaov ollw~ 01 Pll;IKe~ aaaaye~ OTIl l300lkti TOU OUAAllljJll So eivat avonoq>eukte~. Eival avavkaioe; &vae; V&Oe; jjllxav10jjoe; Via Tllv KiVIlOIl TOU ~poaou; na vo Ilnopeoel Kavei~ KOT' apxtiv vo OVTtAllq>Sei OTl TO epwtlllla auto elvat OIKatoAoYllllevo, npenel va ou- VetOllTonoltioel nw~ eva~ KtvllTilPa~ eawteptkt]<; Kau 011<; ouvoual;el OUO evteaw<; olaq>opetlke<; AelToupyie<;. Eival aq>' evo~ tva~ XlllllKO<; avtlopaott]pa<; OTOV onoio AOlll3ovel xwpa 11 avtiopoctll: I. KauOlllo + atpa~4 Kauaaepta + Sepl.IOTIlTa Kat oq>' ettpou Ilia SeplllKti Illlxovti, OTllV onola em TeAeiTOl 11 lletal3oati: II. 6eplloTllTQ.-. tpyo Eav ellq>avil;ovtav 01 OUO aute~ AeLToupyie<;!;exwpl OTO, unopxouv Yla TllV KoSe Ilia IOlalTepe~ ematl11l0 vike<; neploxt<; opil60le~ vo KaSoollytiaouv TO IlI1XO VlKO va OlQllopq>woel l3eatlota TllV avtiotolxil TeXVI Kti islate!;il. H yvwctil Tll<; <IlUOlKti~ Xlllleia<; KOI Tll<; XllllIKti~ KIVll TtKti<; enltpenel YIO Til AeLToupyia I va KOTaaKeUaael Kavei~ avtlopaottipe~ (n.x. eykataotoael~ KauCTll<;), TWV onoiwv 11 onoisoctll nallolol;el noau KOna OTO Se WPllTtKW<; enltpenollevo ana TllV KIVllTlKti TWV avtlispoaewv. H yvwctil Tll~ MllXOVIKti~ Kat Tll~ 6eplloiSu VOIlIKti~ emtpenel yta Til AelToupyio II va KOToaKeuoael Kavei<; Illlxovt<; (n.x. atlloatpol3iaou~), TWV onoiwv 0 l3osl.io~ on60octll<; nallolol;el nom KOVTO OTO Se WPllTIKW<; emtpenollevo ana Tll 6epl.loiSuval.llKT]. nou Oq>eiAeTol TO OTt 11 KOToOTaCTll OTOV KtVllTT]pa e awteplkti<; KauCTll<; I3piaKeTat Kal yla Tt<; OUO AelTOupyie~ Toao l.iakplo ana TO OPIO OUTO; HXPOVIKrl ~aptlloll Tile; aaaavrle; TOU 0VKOU OTO XfiJpo Pvaoiae; 'Eva l3aolko xapaktllplotiko TaU KtvllTtipa eowteptkti<; KauCTll~ eivat 11 neploislkti omoyti TOU OYKOU OTO xwpo epyoaio<;, 11 onoia npokoaeitol ana TllV naalvopo IlIKti KiVllCTll TOU elll3oaou. AUTti II aaaoyti TOU OYKOU,

2 128 TSXVIKO XPOVtKO 10UAI0~-AuVOUOlO~ '95 svw sivat anapai'rrrctl vta TTl AStTouPvia II TOU KlVTlTTtpa (IlSTaTpOnTt 9sPIlOTTJTa~ as epvo), elvat ansvavtia~ SVOXAIlTtKTt vta TTJ AsITOUPvia I (XTllltKTt avti15paol1). H avti15paoll apxi~st ano TO OI1IlSio evauoi1~, ew~ OTOU 15taoxioet TO KaUOtllO aepto Ilsiwa. To npo(3alllla Oll~ sivat ott TauToxpova IlSTaKlvsiTat Kat 0 nu9lleva~ TOU xwpou avti15paol1e; (TO ell(3oao), Kat ano KOnOla OlIVIlTt Kat enetta apxi~sl va q>suvet IlnpOOlO a no TO lletwno Tile; avti15paolle; nou TOV akoaou9sl Ms TOV Tpono auto amo~ouv 0XIIlOVO TlIlOPq>Tt Kat 0 OVKO~ TOU xwpou avti15paol1~, amo TauToxpova Tl nieall Kalil 9sPiloKpaoia TOU avti15pwvto~ IlsiVIlGTOe; Kat etm snllpso~stat Tl TaxuTTlTa TTle; avti15paol1~. AUTO Ollwe; exsi anoq>aoiottke~ ouvenstse; Via TTJv nopsia Tile; avt[15paol1e;. H an615ool1 TTle; XlllltKri~ avti15paol1e; Kat 11 ouotaol1 TWV Kauoaspiwv stlllpeo~ovtat IlS TOV Tpono auto ptz;tko. 'lowe; auto va IlIlV sivat aile awe; Ka TavoTlTo Via TO "Illl q>uotkoxlllltko", apksi 0llwe; va OKsq>9si Kavsie; Ott as akpais~ neptmwosle; auttt 11 "q>uvtt" TOU ell(3oaou Ilnopei va 015llvriosl oe nattpi1 15taKOnTt Tile; avti15paol1e;. eov Tl q>aova 15ev Ilnopeoeil Kav va TO npoao(3el. Eov TO ell(3oao Klvei'rat apksto vptivopa Kat 11 q>aova alva, unopxouv, onwc; sival vvw OlO, m:pltltwoste; (n.x. UIjJI1AOe; apt9lloe; Olpoq>wv, TlTW XOllsiVlla) Olle; onoise; 11 avti15paot"j 15taKOmSTat, npo TOU avti15poosl TO KaUOlllO lleivlla nou (3pioKsTal 010 xwpo Tile; avti15paot"j~. AnAoUOleUOVTae;, 9a IlnopOUoe Kavsi~ va q>avtaolsi OTt 9a ritav STll9UIlllTO va aq>tiost TO ell(3oao akivl1to, lapKsi 11 avti15paot"j, VIa va TO KtVriOSI 0111 ouvexela VPTtvopa vta TIlV svspvetakri lletatpontt. Mia TllO npooekttktt napatripi ivet ilia KonWe; 15taq>oponOtlllleVl1 etkova, 11 onoia Ollwe; 15ev XpsloZ;sTat va a vaau9si e15w AemoIlSpWe;. LTlIlaVTtKO elval va ava VVWpiOSI Kavsi~ Ott 11 Xl1lllKri KtVI1TtKTt Kat 11 SSPIlO 15uvalltKri OUIlq>WVOUV nw~: H XPOVIK~ e~aptlloll Tile; aaaoy';e; TOU 0YKOU OTO xwpo epyaoiae; enllpeal;el TIlV nieoll Kat Til 8epJ.lOKpooia, enoj.levwe; Tllv TOXUTIlTO Tile; avtilspaol1e; Kal TO pu8j.10 J.leTaTpOn~e; Tile; evepyeiae; KOI we; ek TOUTOU Ka80pil;el, TOOO TIlV onoreaeoj.latikotilto Tile; Ael Toupyioe; I 000 Kal TO pa8j.1e) anolsoolle; OTIl AeITOUPvia II TOU KlvIlT';pa. Av rimv Kaveie; as 9iOT"J va npooapllooet TI1V amavri TOU 0VKOU Olte; analtlioet~ Tile; XlllltKTt~ KtvIlTIKrie; Kat Tile; SSPllo15uvalltKTte;, 9a sixs KaeapOTSpa Kauoaepia Kat UIjJIlAOn:pOUe; (3a91l0ue; anmoot"je;. lluoluxwe;, Ollwe;, auto 15sv Ilnopsi va Vivsl. 0 XPOVI KO~ VOIlOe; Via TI1V aaaavri TOU 0VKOU OlO ouil(3atiko KtvllTTtPO Snt(3OAASTOt ono TO Ill1xavIOIlO TOU Olpoq>O AOU Kal15ev Ilnopsi va OMOXTS!. Eival 6UvaTOe; Evae; VEOe; J.lIlXaVI0J.l0e; Via TIlV KiVIlOIl TOU ej.l~oaou; Luvri9w~. OTOV OKeq>TSTOl Kovsie; Konota neplo15lkri Ki VI1OT"J, q>ovtoz;stat Ilio OPIlOVIKTt KiVIlOT"J Tt eva XPOVIKO VOIlO Tile; 1l0pq>Tte;: y =a. sin (wt) (1) Mnopsi OIlW~ KOvsi~ VO q>ovtoolei KOl oms~ neplo15t Kee; Klvrioete; nou va (3ooiZ;OVTat as 15tOq>opSTtKee; Iloel1llaTtKt~ axeosl~. na nap6.l5stwo. ano Tt~ onslpee; TE:TOISe; 15uvaTOTI1TSe;. TO 15loVPolllla 1 15sixvet. ektoe; ano Til OUVOpTIlOT"J (1) (VaAOZ;la KallnuAIl). TTJv KOKKtvl1 KailnuAIl nou exet 15TllllOUPVlleei ano Ilio OKOAOU 9ia KA015wv TI1~ OUVOPTTJOI1e;: y = b. t 2 (2) Ka9w~ Kat TIlV npoolvll KallnuAn, 11 ono[a ~aolz;etat 0l1l OUVOPTIlOT"J: DAOt 01 apt91l01 avaq>epovtot as eva ell(3oao nou na Atvl5pollei 3000 q>opee; TO Asmo as Ilia I5lal5pollri 10 em. AlleoWe; (3A net Kavei~ OTI 1l0AOVOTl Tl nepiol5oe; (Kat Tl OUxvoTIlTa) eivat la as OAe~ TIe; KOllnUAS~, 11 npovllattkri S~OPTllOT"J ano TO XPOVO 15laq>epel KaTo nom. 'ETOI, Via nop6.l5slvlla, Ola OT"Jlleia omavri~ nopsiae; 11 vam.~la KallnuAll sival OT"JllaVTIKo «atxllllpo TSPll" ono O,Tt 11 npoolvll. H "llevi9uvol1" VPolllla 2 l5eixvsl Ils ASTlTOllepSla TllV nopeia TWV Ka IlnuAwv OlIlV neploxtt autri LUIlq>WVO Ils ooa ovoq>ep9llkav npollvoulleva, 9a npenst Kavsie; va olloaovtiosi nwe; 11 vaao~la KailnuAIl (11 onoia 15UOlUXWe; OVTtOlOtXei OlllV KiVllOl1 TOU sll(3o AOU OlO OU\l(3aTIKo KlvllTtipa) sivat ano Tt~ TpSt~ VOTSPO KaTOAAllAll. VIO va SKnAl1PWOel TIe; AelToupvls~ TOU KlvllTtipa. Aq>tiVSI Aivo XPOVO Ollll5laeSOT"J Tile; a vti15paot"je; (0 OVKO~ amoz;et noau VOPVO Ola Ollilsia aaaavrie; nopeioe;) Kat 11 TaXUTTJTO TIl~ SKTOVWOl1e; (11 KAiOll TIl~ KallnUAIl~ 010 lleoo Tll~ I5ta15pollri~) sivalll IlIKPOTSPTl Kat VI' auto 11 TllO anollakpuollevll ana Tllv al5la(3attkri. HnpOOlVTl KOllnuAllllolOZ;et va eivalll Ka AUTSPIl, Kal eo Ilnopouoe Kavei~ va q>avtaolsi KalOA AS~ ouvapttio&ie;. Ot onois~ Ola OI1IlSiO avaolpoq>rie; va sivat akolla TllO nsnaotuollev&c; Kat O'Tlll5lal5pollri va sllq>oviz;ouv akolla IlsvaAUT&Pll TaxuTIlTa. To npo~ailj.la Tile; emtaxuvoi'le; Mia nsptol5tkri naatvl5polllktt KivllOl1 anon:a&i'rat ana Ilia OSIPO svomooooll&vee; q>ooelc; etlltoxuvoll~ Kal & m(3p6.l5uvolle;. Eov okeq>9ei Kovei~ TTJV TeXVtKti npavllotonoillollllioe; TeTotae; KivllOlle;, 9a npinet va avti AIlq>gei OTt VIO Tt~ Ttllee; Tll~ etlltoxuvolle; unopxouv 6 pia nou Ka90pi~ovTal ano TTJV avtoxti TWV UAIKWV. Au ~TlOll TWV 15laOlOOSWV 15&V Wq>SASl, VlaT! etoi ll&vaaw VSI 11 llaz;a TWV Klvoullevwv IlSPWV Kal 0l1l ouvexslo au~avovtal U valle Ie; nou anattouvtal Via TIlV etll TOXUVoti TOU~. H STllTaxUVOI1 Via TIe; Klvrioel~ TOU I5lavpallllaTo~ 1 q>eavel Tie; akoaougee; TIlle~: na Til OUVOPTIlOl1 (1 sinus) 4.93km/s2 na Til OUVOPTllOll (2 t 2 ) 4 km/s2 no TTJ OUVOPTllOI1 3 (t3) 12 km/s2 Sa npensl Twpa va 0lloAoVtiooulls OTI Via TTJV npav llatonoitlol1 Tile; ouvaptllot"je; (3) sllq>aviz;ovtat Ilsva Ase; etllq>uao~el~. 'EvavTI n,e; ouvapttjot"je; IllllTOVOU a (3)

3 loualoc;-auyoucnoc; '95 TeXVIKO XPOVlKO y=a s;n(crjt) 2 y=b.t y=c.t 3 GJ ~ e -E E (J) o I I I I o ,.. EIKOVQ 1. - y=a.sin(crjf) ~. y=b.t 2 y=c.t E!. GJ ~.g 85 (J) 80,.. I I TIme (ma) EIKDVQ 2.

4 130 TeXVLKO XPOVLKO 10UALO~-AuyoUOTO~ '95 naltei J-1io enltoxuvoll OUf;llJ-lEVll KOTO 243%!.. Twpo KOTOAoJjoiveL Kovd~ noaa evlsloq>epwv yivetol o KlvllnKo~ VOIlO~ (2). H JjeATiwoll EVOVTl Tll~ ouvop TllOTJ~ llllttovou l5ev eivol iow~ TOOO IlEYOAll, UnaPXeL.. OIlW~ onwol5~note, Kat - npoyllo nou dvol OTJj.10VTl KOTEPO - II enlt(lxuvotj nou XPEla~eTOt YI' auto EivOL j.1ikpotepll an' O,TL YIO Tll OUVapTllOTJ llj.1ttovou EnLnMov lse l5ivel KOI j.1eyamtepll TOXUTT)TO OTO j.1 OOV TT)~ 1510I5p0j.1lk H OUVOPTllOTJ t2 EnLTUYXOVEt 1l0KPO TEpT) nopoj.1ovtj OTO OTJj.1do OVOOTPOq>TJ~ KOL KaTa 30% j.1eyomtepll TOXUTllTO j.1e enmjxuvotj j.1lkpote:pt) KOTO 20%. AUTO OI-lW~ eivol nom OT)IlOVTtKO. Av unote8ei OTL u ntjpxe Eva~ I-IllXOVIOIlO~ nou va npayllatonolei TT)V Ki VT)OTJ t2, l5ev 80 XPEIO~OTOV va exel Eva noaaonmolo TT)e; OVTOXTJe; (onwe; OTllV nepimwot) TT)e; OUVOpTTJOewe; t3), oam AtyoTepo on' o,n OTT) OUVaPTT)OTJ T)lltTO YOU. Tl ouvatotlltee; 80 untjpxov ollwe; ov 0 un08etl KO~ OUTOe; j.1t)xovtoiloe; eixe TT)V iolo avtoxi], onwe; 0 j.1t)xovloi-io~ TT)~ OUVaPTT)OT)~ T)l-ItTOVOU (l5llaoi5i] 0 OTpOq>aAOe;); TOTe II KaTaOTOOll ivot noahonaooiw~ KaMTEpT). Eav TO EI-IJjOAO OTT) OUvapTllOTJ t2 IlnOPeL va enltoxuveel Ile 5 km/s2, TOTe yto TllV KivlloiJ TOU ono TO EVa vekpo OTJlleLO OTO aaao oev XPEta~eTOl nlo 10 ms, OAAO ALYO Tepo ano 9 ms. Kat YLa OAOKAllPT) TT)V nepiol5o xpelq ~etot AtyoTepo ono 18 ms EVOVTl TWV 20 ms nou exel OTT) 1510SeoiJ TOU. AUTO OT)l-IaiveL OTL TO Ej.1JjOAO, OTOV q>saoel OTO VEKPO OTJIl lo, l5ev dval unoxpewl-levo va f;eklvtjoel naal ai-leow~, oam I-Inopei va nopoj.1 lvei E Ke! OKiVT)TO neptoootepo ana eva ms. Ta i5toypal-ll-lota 5 Kat 6 napouolo~ouv auti] TT)V KaTa OTaOTJ. El5w OTa ot)j.1eia avaotpoq>i)e; ellq>av!~ovtat npayj.1ankee; "q>ooel~ T)pel-liae;» TOU EIl130AOU, KaL EI5W 8a TJTOV l5uvotov va npayj-iatonott)8ei yta npwtt) q>opo j.1ia «LOOXWPll" (J-Ie otasepo OYKO) Kauoll. EnLnAE OV, II ToxuTllTa TT)e; ektovwotj~ OUf;aVEt KaTa aaha 13% oe 22,36 mis, yeyovoe; nou So Euvoouoe TT) J-IeToTponil SEPI-IOTT)TO~ OE EPYO. 'OAO OUTa q>aivovtol nom OJ-lOpq>o. Movo nou 0 I-IT) XOVLOJ-lOe; 0 onoio~ 8a enhpene TeTololl eioou~ KIVi) oel~, ea EnpenE npwto va eq> lipesei. Eival avavkaioe; tvae; vtoe; jjl]xav1ojjoe; Via TI] pu81j10l] TI]e; &loavcily~e; Kal &~avcilyqe;j o j.1t)xavl0j.10~ TWV JjoAJjiowv ElvOI TO noalinaokotepo, oonavt)pon:po KOI TO nlo euai08t)to J-Iepo~ TOll Kt VT)TTJpO. AnOTeAeLTOI and eva j.1eyaao nai]soe; f;exwpt OTWV KOI-IJ-laTLWv I-IE 10IOI-lOpq>Tl yewl-letpia Kat I-ItKpe~ OVOXE~, Ta onoio KOTOOKellal;oVTOl ono akpijja liaiko I-IE XpovoJjope~ l-ieaol5oue; enef;epyaoioe;. t:.ev ivai, Aomov, va onopei KoV l~ ov onotea l TT)V Kupiw~ E YVOLO TOll KaTOOKEUOOTTJ (Ton08hT)0T) TOU j.1t)xovl 01-l0U OTOV KLVT)TTJpO, KOOTO~) Kat TOU Xpi)OTT) (pusi-ii OTJ KOI «TpilIJlJ-lO» TWV JjoAJjilSwv). t:.ev xpelol;etol va 0 voaus l eow T) J-IOKpG oelpo TWV l-ietovektt)i-i0twv TT)e; PU8J-1IOTJ~ TTl~ elooywyi)~ KOL ef;oywyti~ J-IE l3oal3ii5e~. EivOL yvwolti oe Ko8e J-IT)xaVLKO Kal TTl JjpiOKel Kovei~ eukoao oe KoSe eyxelpioto. AUTO nou of;i~eltoloitepll npoooxi] eivalotl TeAeuTOio apxioal-le va OVTLAOj.1JjO V0j.10OTe nw~ 0 I-IllXOVt0j.10~ TWV JjoAJjil5wv eivol ev j.1epet uneusuvoe; Kat Yla TllV KOKi) nolotllta TWV Kauoaepiwv. H jjopcpq TOU XwpOU KaUOI]e; To q>uotkoxllj.1iko q>olvoj.1eva KOTO TTl lslopkela TT)~ Kau OTJ~ eivol nomnaoka Katl5ev Ilnopouv eukoaa va j.1e AeTT)Souv. npokettat YLa I-Ita nom YP~yoPll OAUOWTi] ovtiopaot) (EKPT)f;Tl), II onoia otal5il5etat Ileoo OTO a VTlOPWV ~l lyl-la I-Ie aotos l~ Xllj.1tKOUe; q>opeie; (pi~ee;, atoj.1a, tovto). H avtiopaot) Aal-l13ovel xwpa oe IltKPO Xpovo, UqJllATJ nieotj KOI lil~llm Sepj.1oKpaoio KOI enlnmov avonapoyetol nom MOKOAO (KoBe EKPT)f;ll e xel Tll i5iklo TT)e; loloi-iopq>t) ef;ealf;t). na TOUe; AOyoue; autoue; eivol npoe; TO nopov neploplol-levllll l5uvato TT)TG I-Iae; va neplypoqjoui-ie 1-1 okpijjelo TT) voiloteaela TT)e; nopeiae; TT)e; ovtil5paot)e;. t:.ev eillaote OKOl-la oe stot) va I5WOOUI-IE I-ILa noootlki] neplypaq>ti Tlle; I5lo OOOIl~ TOU J-I TWnOu TT)e; avtiopoolle;. Mnopoul-le, 0 J-Iwe; WOTOOO, va 1510TUnWOOUJ-Ie OUO npoyvwoele; J-I yevlktj IOXU: 1. EneLoi] TO I-Ihwno TT)e; q>aoyae; f;eklvwvtoe; ana TO otll-leio evauolle; npenel va olooxioei OAT) Tll I-Io~a TOU avtlopwvto~ I-IEiYl-laTOe;. 0 xpovoe; avtil5poot)e; 80 eival TOOO J-IlKpOTepOe;, 000 I-ILKpOTepOe; lvat 0 I5pol-loe; TTle; q>aoyoe;., 2. EneLoi] 01 q>op le; Tlle; ovtlopaotje; anevepyonolou VTal, OTav OUVOVTOUV TO TOLXWl-IaTa, TO OVTLOPWV J-IeiYl-la So avtllspooel TOOO nat)ptotepo, 000 I-Il KpOTepT) eivol Tl enlq>gvelo TWV TOLXWj.1aTWV TOU XWpOU Tlle; ovtiopaot)e;. Av Sewpi]oeL Kaveie; TO XPOVO nou xpeto~etol, yto va avtll5paoet eva optoj-levo noaa OEpiou j.1 lyj-latoe;, aa une8ete ek npwtt)e; Oi/JeWe; on, onwe; oe OAee; ne; Xllj.11Kte; avnl5pooete;, 0 xpovoe; autoe; opi~etol onom TW~ and TO noaa TOU oepiou (i5t)aoori TOV 0YKO), Tll 8epj.10Kpaoia Kal TTlV nleot). Ta npoyj-lata OJ.1We; oev lvol hoi. Ae; unooeooufle OTt exouj.1e QUO j.1t)xavee; (I-IOpq>TJ A Kat 1-I0pq>i] 8 OTa OXEl5la 9 ewe; 12) j.1e TT)V il5la I5loj.1ETpO TOU ej.1l3oaou (80 mm) Kat TO ilslo J-ITJKO~ ej-ll3oal0j.10u (45 mm). na va lval KOI Tl nieot) T) il5la (AOyoe; ouj.1nieolle; 1:10), EXOUl-le q>povtioet, WOTe KOt 0 0YKOe; nou napoj-levet yla TO aepto, OTOV TO ej.1l3oao 13pioKe Tal OlO OVW vekpo ot)j.1eio, vo eivol 0 il5l0~ (25 em3). TOTE T) noootllto TOU aepiou, II 8epJ-lOKpaoio KOI T) nie Oll TT) OTLYj.1TJ Tile; ovtii5poot)e; (EJ-I130AO OTO OVWTOTO otli1eio TT)e; I5loi5p0I-li)e; TOU) KOl OTIe; Olio J-ITlxavee; 8a Eival Ot OUTE~. eo lvol oj-lwe; KOl 11 nop lo TT)~ ovtii5pootj~ T) ii5ta; 'OTOV TO tj.1l3oao Ep8el OTO avw vekpo ot)l-ido (OXEl5tO 10), 0 OYKO~ nou KOTaAOI-IJjovel TO oepio, eivat Kat OTt~ Mo I-IllxaVe~ 0 auto~. H j.10pq>i] OI1W~ TOl) XwpOU ivat olaq>openki] (oxi]1l0 11). Kot 01 QUO I-Iopq>e~ eivot KU Alvi5pIKe~. H ~Iio OI-lW~ (A) lvol nenaatu0j-levll, Tl GA All (8) eivol ouj-inayi)e;. H J-Iopq>Ti A el-lq>ovi~el KOTO

5 IOUhIO~-AUyouOTO~ '95 TeXVIKCt XPOVIKCt 131 too y=a srn(",t) 2 y=b..t 3 y=c.t -E.,- E.Y. e +050 en o o i 5 I to I 15 r" 20 EIKova y=a.sfn(",t) - y=b.t 2 3 y=c.t E -E CD.Y. e+095 en t- piston rests.., 10,.. I r I EIKova 4.

6 132 TeXVLKQ XpOVLKQ IOUA.LOC;-AuyouCTOC; '95,.'. r, "~';'~~~r ;~:;!: :!:! FormA Form B EtKOVQ l ~ ~I ~ ~f ~ FormA FormB EIKova 6.

7 10UXlo~~Auyoumo~ '95 TEXVIKa XpovlKa 133 FormA Form B EIKova % IlEyoMTEPI1 l5lalletpo KOI KOTa 238% IlEyoM~ TEPI1 EnupavElo TOlxwllaTwv. Av 11 evoual1 y[vetol 010 YEWIlETPlKO KeVTPO TOU xwpou, TOTE TO IltTwno TI1~ q>a6yo~ l5lol5il5etoi aov aq>oipo Ileao ae axo TO ovnl5pwv lleiyi-io. Evw OIlW~ mil 1l0pq>ti B TO lletwno TI1~ ovtil5pooll~ \lnopei ove\lnol5lato va l510l5osei npo~ oxe~ Tl~ KOTeuSuvoel~, OTI1 1l0pq>ti A til511 Xiyo \leta TO l;ekivl1\la TOU exel auvovttiael TO TOIXW\lOTO (l5ane:l5o KOI OpOq>ti). EKe[ TO \leyomtepo \lepo~ TWV q>opewv TI1~ ovtil5poal1~ onevepyonoleltoi KOI TO \lttwno TI1~ q>xoyo~ unoxpewve Tal va npoxwptioel Ile Tn atevti TOU nxeupa «epno VTO~» \letol;u opoq>ti~ KOI l5onel5ou. ITO axrlj.lo 12 q>oivetol YIO TI1V il5lo XpovlKti atiy\lti 0 no TI1V SVOPl;11 TI1~ OVT[l5pOOI1~ (il510 l5la\letpo~ TOU \letwnou TI1~ q>a6yo~ mn \lsoi1) nw~ l5lal5il5etol ave Iln615lmo 11 q>a6yo mil 1l0pq>Ti B Kal nw~ npoanasei va npoxwptioel \letol;u TWV l.jjuxpwv TOlxwllaTwv mil 1l0pq>Ti A. Ana TO yewlletplko KOI 1l0VO unoxoyla\lo I3Atnel Kovei~ nw~ mil \lopq>ti B exouv ovtil5paael TO 69% TOU oep[ou, ml1v A \lovo TO 16%. ITIlv npoylla TlKOTI1TO Il liloq>opa eivoi akolla \leyomtepll, enelliti 11 ovtilipaan eivoillio «oxuawtti ovt[lipooll» Kalil TO XUTI1Ta TI1~ oul;avel Ile TO nxtiso~ TWV q>opswv. H \lopq>ti A eival oxoq>avepo 11 liuo\levtotepl1 ana Tl~ Mo, elvoi OIlW~ l5uotuxw~ ekelv1l11 onoio eq>opllo~e Tal ml1v npal;ll. Av \lnopouae KOVel~ va npoyllatonoitioel Til \lopq>ti B, Sa eixe TOxuTepl1 KOI mo oxo KXIlPw\levl1 ovtil5paoll KOI, KOTa auvsnelo, KoMTepo KouaoeplO. AUTO O\lW~ l5uatuxw~ l5ev eivoi liuvotov. 0 Xwpo~ Kouall~ TOU aull130tlkou KlvllTtipO npene:l va elvoi nenxotua\levo~, hat wme OTI1V opo<pr; TOU va npoo<ptpel opketo xwpo YIO TllV TonoSsTllOll TWV l3oxl3il5wv. KOI KOTaXol3oivel hat Kovei~, YIOTi yivetol TeXeuToio TOOIl npoanaselo Yla nepll5ivllal1 TOU oepiou KOI e Kl3aSuvOIl TI1~ opoq>n~ TOU elll3oxou. Eival 6uvaTOe; tvae; vtoe; PI1XaviOpoe; Via Til pu9pi0l1 Tile; loavcilvr\e; Kal ~avcilvr\e;; 01 npoanaeele~ anaxxoyn~ ana TI1V evoxxlltikn pus \l10ll \le l3oxl3il5e~ eival Toao noxls~, oao Kalil ililo Il pu81lloll \le l3oxl3il5e~, l5i1xalir; Kanou 100 etwv. To 0 Tl Kallio ana Tl~ noxuaplslle~ ame~ Moel~ l5ev KO TopSwae va emkpotr;ael o<peixetol Kupiw~ 010 OTl 11 puslllolllle l3oxl3il5e~, oao \leiovektniloto KOI va txel, l5ivel eva nxeovtkti1\la, TO onoio KO\lla amil MOIl liev npooq>tpel \le TaOll alyoupla: 01 l3oxl3ilie~ KaTw ana TI1V nieoll TWV oepiwv TIl~ avtilipaoll~ Iltvouv okivll Te~ «KoXXlllleve~» OTI~ Stael~ TOU~ KOI KXeivouv aepooteyw~ TO xwpo epyaaio~. 'OXe~ 01 axxe~ Moel~ l3oai~ovtoi KOTa Kanolo Tpono atllv apxti TIl~ OXlaSoivouoo~ meyavwoll~, Il onoia, anw~ <poivetoi, liev \lnopei va eival onotexeallotikr;. rvwpi~ou\le, evtoutol~, neplmwoel~ OTI~ onoie~ II 0 Xla8aivouao OTeyavwoll XelToupyei. To elll3oxo KaSe

8 134 TEXVIKO XPOVIKO 10UAI0~-AUyoumo~ '95 KIVI1Ttlpa oteyav<ilvetal oalosaivov w~ npo~ TO Toi XWlla TOU KUA[VOpOU IlE TI1 \3otiSEla TWV EAaTl1piwv meyavoti1ta~. EKTO~ autou, onw~ riol1 ano TI1 OEKa ETia TOU '20 MelE;av 01 Epeuvl1nKe~ epyaoie~ TOU Felix Wankel (Kal apyotepa 0 oilwvuilo~ KIVI1Ttlpa~),,.lia a notealwllankti oalosalvouoa on:yovwol1 elval avallq>i\3oaa ouvatn. TtAo~, OEV npenei va napa\3aeq>sei on KaTo TI1 OIOP KEla TOU oeutepou naykoolliou noae:ilou, 11 DVL mo BepoAivo Uno TI1 oleusuvoll TOU W. D. Bensinger Ka TaoKEuaoe KlvllTtiPE<; aeponaovwv, OTOU<; onoiou~ 11 pusllloi1 Eloaywytl~ Kal ee;aywytl<; YlvoTav Ile OAIoSaivouoa on:yovwoll Kal 01 onoiol oe npayllankti AelToupyia ev mnoeillnopouoav va XPl1011l0noll1SouV neploootepo Xpovo an' O,TI 01 avtimolxol Klvl1Ttlpe<; 01 pusilil;0llevol Ile \3aA\3ioE<;. Ano oae~ TI<; ouvatoti1te~ nou J..lEAeTnSI1KaV Ii OOKl 1l00Tl1Kav Yla TI1V avtlkatootaol1 TI1<; PUSIlIOI1<; Ile \3aA\3ioE<; ano Konola OAAI1 TexvlKri MOll, auttl nou e xel EuooKlllrioel m:ploootepo eival 11 pusj..lioll Ile neplmpeq>0j..levo OUPTI1. MeplKe~ KaTaoKeue~ 1l0AloTa eq>savav OE WPlllOTl1m napaywyti<; ev OElpO. H pusj..lioll Ile neplotpeq>ollevo OUPTI1 exei eva nari So<; naeovekttlj..lata, napouoiol;eloilw<; (TOUAOXIOTOV OTl<; J..leXPI Twpa yvwote<; KaTaoKEue~) OlIO \3aolKo J..lEloveKTtlJ..laTa: 1. 0 OUPTI1~ XPElol;eTat Yla TI1V Kivl10ri TOU eva vio, oti\3apo Kat noaae:~ q>opi<; nomnaoko Ill1xavlOIlO, ETOI WOTe 11 anaoti1ta, 11 onoia emolwkotav IlE TI1V eykatoaeltpl1 TWV \3aA\3iowv, va nl1yaivei noal xallivl1. 2. METaE;u TOU TOlxwllaTo<; TOU KUAivopou Kal TOU Tllti J..laTo~ TI1<; Ill1xavti~, nou ool1yei Ta aepla, ellq>avil;etat Eva vio KIVOUIlEVO OTOIXE[O (0 OUPTI1<;), TO 0 noio npenei Kat ano TI~ OUO naeupe<; va AmavSei Kal va oteyavonoli1sei, ETOI WOTE 11 tpue;11 TOU va KaSimaTal npo\3al1llatlktl. KaT' apxi]v OIlW~, Sa snpene 11 PUSIlIOI1 J..le neplotpeq>oilevo OUPTI1 va eivat OUVaTtl xwpi~ TI1V eloaywyi] e VO~ VEOU KLVOUIlEVOU molxeiou, av Sa IlnopOUOE va ae;lonoltloel KavEi~ YIO TI1 PUSlllOI1 TI1~ eloaywyti~ Kal EE;oywytl~ TI1V K[VI1Oll evo~ OUTW~ tl omw~ KIVOUlltvou Tellaxiou. Eov ml1 ouvexela q>povtloel Kave[<;, wme TO OTOlxeio nou pusllil;el TI1 pon TWV oepiwv vo OTEYOvonolEiTal 1l0VO ano Tl1llia naeupo Kal va Eival npo OLTO OTI1V tpul:;11 Kat akoj..la iow~ vo Ol1llloupYEi tva OU Ilnoytl Xwpo KauOll<;, TOTe 0 Klvl1Ttlpa<; OEV So eixe a naw~ anamoxtei ano Ta EAoTTwilaTa TI1<; PUSlllOI1<; IlE \3oA\3ioe<;, oam So EiXE \3eAnwSei Kal ml1 \3aolKtl TOU OUAAl1tPll. AUTO OAO q>aivovtal noau Ollopq>a. Movo nou 0 Ill1xa VlOIlO<; nou So EnETpEnE Ilio TEToia PUSIlIOI1 TI1<; Eloaywytl~ Kat EE;aywyn<; Sa tnpene npwm va Eq>eupe SeL To Rany Motor Ano Ta npol1youllevo q>oivetat on av EmOIWKEI KavEi<; Ilia pll;ikti \3eATiWOll TI1~ oullneplq>opo~ TOU KtVI1Ti]po eowteplktl~ KauOll~, Sa npenel va onooexsei IllO pll;t Kti aaaoytl OTI1V KaTaoKeUl; TOU. 0 Ill1xoVlOllo<; TOU mpoq>oaou npenel va eykamaelq>sei Kal 0Tl1 SeOll TOU va unopl:;el n ouvatotnto OIOIlOPq>WOI1<; onolouotlno Te emsulll1tou XPOVIKOU VOIlOU YlO TI1V oaaayi] TOU 0 YKOU OTO Xwpo epyaoia<;. H PU81l1011 TI1~ potl~ TWV a epiwv Ile \3oA\3ioe~ nptnel va avtikotamasei ano e vo Ill1xavlOllo nou va ettltpenel TI1 olallopq>woi1 evo<; oullnayou<; xwpou KauOll<;. Eov emtuvxavotov KOTI TeTOIO, oev Bo Eixe oobei au TOlloTW<; KOII1 OUVoToTI1Ta avtikatootaoi1<; TOU OUIl \3aTlKOU KIVI1Ttipa ano tvav KalvouplO. 0 OUJ..l\3aTlKO~ KIVnTtipa~ exel niow TOU Ilio llakpo IOTopia ee;eaie;i1~, 11 onoia TOV exel oonytioel oe tvav UtPl1AO \3aBllo WPl 1l0TI1Ta<;. n' autov TO AOyO oev npokeltal VO avtlko TaOTa8d eukoaa. YtPl1Aoi aplblloi nopaywyti<; Kat Ile YOAO OIKOV0J..lIKO KOI npoowmko OUIlq>tpovTa ETtlTpenouv evoexollevw~ "IlIKpe<; olopbwoel<; mo KaTemn J..leVO», opouv 0llw<; anoq>aolmlko, evavtiov KoBe npoon6eelo<; pll;ikti<; oaaaytl~. no va exel eanioe<; emtuxia<; Ilia TtTola npoono8elo, Ba npenel Ta naeovekttlllato TOU veou KlvnTi]pa va eivat npayllatlko OUVTPI TtTIKO, WOTe VO eival oe 8tCJl1 vo Auyioel TI1V nom 00 \3apti ovtiotaol1 nou Ba unope;el. no va Ilnopeoel evo~ veo<; KlVI1Ttlpa<; va avtlkata OTliOel TOV napaooolako, Ba nptnel ekt6<; ono - KaMTEpa KaUOOePla Kal va exel IlIKpOTepl1 KaTOVOAWOI1 KouoillOU, - IlIKpoTepE<; anwaele~ TPI\3wv - IlIKpOTEPO 0YKO Kal -IlIKPOTEPO f3opo~, vo anoteaeital ano - OAlYOPl81l0 Kat - Euxepw~ napoyolleva moixeio, WOTe va ELval - q>bi1votepo~ OTI1V KOTaoKeui] KOI - q>bnvotepo<; OTI1 OUVTi]PI1011 Kat TeAO<;, va EXEI OKOJ..lO - Xalll1AOTEPO enineoo Bopuf3ou Kal - AlYOTepou<; Kpaoaollou<;. 'Eva m' aai]8ela OUOKOAO npo\3al1lla! HKiVl1ol1 TOU p~oaou oup,wva p TOV RlBUPI1TO xpo VIKO Vopo no TO Rany-Motor EmVotlBI1Ke EVO<; Ilnxavlollo~, 0 0 noio<; \3aoll;oJ..levo<; oe Eva KOllnuAo OOI1Yo lletatpenel TnV noalvopolllkti Kivl1CJl1 TOU Elll3oAoU OE neplmpoq>iktl emtpenovta<; Tl1V eq>aplloyji onolouotinote xpo VIKOU VOlloU YI' OUTtl TnV noalvopoili1cjl1. 01 q>wtoypoq>ie~ ono TO 1l0VTEAO R2C oeixvouv Ile KO Be AenTollepEla ono nolo KOllllOTla anoteaeitat TO

9 IOUr..IOC;-AUyouOTOC; '95 T XVIKG XpOVIKG 135 J, ~~:aij t 1 FAG NU304E. TVP2 2 FAG OJ20B 3 FAG NA SIMRIT BAUMX SIMRIT BAUMX SKF T4CB NA NUTR 15 B FAG WR 19 9 FAG WR20 10 FAG WR50 EIKova ~ E Z "'---' Q) :J tj \... B ~ ~ r ~ 900 todd '00 rprn EIKova 9.

10 136 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUhlOC;-AuyouOTOC; ' /--.,. 5: -Y '-.-/ Q) 3; 0 CL 2.2 L rpm EIKova E t1000.'-...-/ c o -+-' o L +.' Q) 500 U C o NOx O~------~----~------~------~----~ lamda EIKova 11.

11 IOUAIO~-AUyouO'TO~ '95 Te:XVlKG XpOVIKG 137 ~ ~.---' EIKOVQ \ JSO, '" " "-... 3D... ", "'430 ') ~OOO EIKOVQ 13.

12 138 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUAlOc;-AUyoUOTOc; ' 'EA vxo~ KIYrrT~pa Rany ana rra KTpOYIKO unoaoviot~ 'EA VX~ KIYrrT~pa OBOVT] f rt 1IJT]t:plaKoc; MerarpoTTeac; r. neot] HAeKrpovLKoc; YTToAoytarijc; r-t AvaAoYLKoc; MerarpoTTtac; ~.. ~ ~ noauttaekrt]c; EVloxurijc; AvaAoYlKc.iw LT]}Jorwv 4 KlvT]rijpac;... PoAoYla EAtyxou EyxuoT]C; - Avot:pAe~T]C; ~ " LlioKOC; EIKova 14.

13 19 0 c:. >' (5 j) I» c -< o c ~ j) «> (J1 1 RANY -MOTOR ::> 3 I I MIZA <lliatpo AA6.IOY ANTAIA AA6.IOY ANTAIA NEPOY l+iyreio NEPOY ne6.h METPHTIKO POH!: AEPA l+iyreio KAyrAEPION <lliatpo KAY!:AEPION ANTAIA KAyrAEPION POOMETPO KAyrAEPION nlnakar PY9MlrHr <lliatpo AEPION PY9MlrHr METPHTHr CO METPHTHr CO 2 METPHTHr O 2 METPHTHr NOx METPHTHr HC... ElKOVQ 15. ~

14 140 TSXVIKO XPOVIKO 10UAlOe;-AuyoUOTOe; '95 Rany-Motor Kal mile; Ta KOllllOTla auto ouvoeovtallls Ta~u TOUe;, Yla va OXllllaTioouv TOV nanpil KlVIlTnpa. 01 SIKOVSe; 1,2 Kat 3 OelXVOUV Ta JjOOlKO TSlloXlO, ano Ta onoia anotsaeltal 0 IlllxavlOIlOe; KivIlOlle; TOU SIlJjO AOU. 01 SIKOVEe; 4. 5 Kat 6 osixvouv mile; Ta TellOXLa au TO OUVOUO~OVTOl Ile TO elljjoao Kal IlE poouaa TOU S Ilnopiou, Yla va anotsmoouv TOV nar;pil IlllxaVIOIlO KiVI101le;. o KallnUAOe; oollyoe; Ilevel okiviltoe;. To KOIlIlOTl IlS Til Ilopq>n TOU OWAr;va (<<0 potopae;"), TOU onoiou TO QUO okpa olallopq>wvouv QUo xwpoue; epyaoiae;, exei ilia Ka90po neplotpoq>ikn Kivl101l. To KOllllOTl IlE Til 1l0Pq>n TOU Y, TO «Olonaowv», TO onoio q>tpel TO tlljjoao Kal Ta poouaa, ekteaei Ilia ouvouaollevl1 naalvopolll Kn - neplotpoq>ikn Kivl101l. To elljjoao neplotptq>etal Ile Tllv iola YWVIOKn TOXUTIlTO, onwe; Kal TO ToiXWlla TOU KUAivopou (<<0 potopae;»), wote I1 oxetlkn IlETa~u TOUe; KiVIlOll va eival K09apo naalvopolllkn. ITle; entllnkele; OXIOllee; TOU "potopa» OAl090ivouv Ta AElaolltva okeail TOU «olanaowv». 'OTav 0 «potopae;» neplotpeq>etat nepi TOV O~OVO TOU, TO «Olanaowv» a vayko~etol Kal auto va neplotpaq>el. 0 KOllnUAOe; 0 Ol1yoe;, OIlWe;, 0 onoioe; JjpioKsTal okivl1toe; yupw ono OUTa, unoxpewvel TO poouaa (KOI OTI1 ouvtxela TO «Olanaowv» KOI TO eiljjoao) va SKTeMoSl sntnaeov Ilia eu9uypallllll KiVIlOll KOTO IlnKOe; TOU o~ova TOU «po Topa». Eav 0 KallntJAOe; oollyoe; elval KaTOAAI1AO Ola 1l0pq>wllevOe;, 0 KlVI11l0TlKOe; valloe;, 0 onoioe; EntJjOA ASTOI OTO elljjoao, IlnOpel va sival Ilia onolaonnots OUVOPTIlOll TOU XPOVOU. ITO Rany-Motor osv xpelo~stal KallIO 10laiTepl1 npoon6eela Yla TI1V avtiot6eilioll TWV Klvoullevwv 1l0~WV, snsion OUTTJ OUTWe; n omwe; eivoi e~ooq>aaiolltvil S ~apxne;. ITOV iolo potopa SIOOYOVTOl QUO EIlJjOAO (anwe; noll q>oivetol OTI1V elkovo 6), TO onoio skteaouv Ilia evteawe; oulllletplkn avtiestil KiVIlOll. AsmollspeoTepo Ilnopei va lleaettjoel Kov&ie; Til OUIllleTpio auttje; TIle; KiVIlOlle; OTIe; elkovee; 7, 8 KOI 9. To QUO olonoowv SiVOlllEToTegellltvo KOTa 90 Iloipee;, IlS Tpono WOTS TO POOUAO TOUe; va Tpexouv novw OTOV KOllnUAO OOI1YO Ile OIOq>OpO q>ooewe; 90 1l0lpWV. Enelon I1 KOllnUAI1 SiVOl OUlllleTplKn, TO ellpoao KlVOUVTOl Tllv iolo OTIYlln KaTo TI1V OKplJjWe; avti9stil KOTEU 9uvOIl, etot wote 11 KivllOIl TOU svae; va sival «KOTOmplKo oulllletplkn» TIle; KiVTJOIle; TOU OMou. To ~euyoe; TWV elljjoawv as ouvsxn OIOOOXn «SKTsivsTal;' (SIKOvse; 7 KO(9) KOI «ouanslpoutol» (SIKOVO 8) OOTaIlOTI1 TO. To 1l0vTtAO R2C SiVOl auto IlE TO onoio yivovtat ati IlSPO ollletpnoele;. BpioKeTat sni nomoue; Ilnvse; OTO OOKlllOOTnplO KOI txsi noll lleplkte; SKOTOVTQOSe; w pwv ASIToupyiae;. IXsoloOTl1Ke IlS TO OKono va onooei~el TIlV onoteasollotikoti1to Tile; veoe; opxne; KiVI1 0Ile; KOI va owoel Til OUVOTOTI1TO YIO lletpnoele;. npoan6eela YlO smttwoll TOU OYKOU Kat TIle; Ilol;oe; TOU OSV eylve. EivOl eva oykwoee;, Jjopu IlI1XOvIlIlO. ntpo ollwe; ana Til q>iaikoti1to npoe; TO nepljjomov. tva 0 no TO evoioq>epovto XOPOKTIlPIOTlKO TOU veou KlVI1 TTJPO eivat OllllKpte; OIOOTaOSle; KOI TO 1l1KPO JjOpoe;. no va Sntoslxgei auttj TllTa, KOTOOKsuaOTl1Ke TO 1l0 VTtAO R2D nou q>oivstal one; snollevse; SIKOVSe;. To 1l0VT AO R2D sivol tvae; KtvllTnpOe; 600 em3 nou T} Jjo OIKn TOU 1l0VQOO exslllnkoe; nepinou 40 em, olollstpo 15 em KOI Jjopoe; 17.5 kg. ITO 1l0VTeAO R2D OOKlIlOl;s Tal I1 OUVOTOTIlTO OOnYIlOIle; TOU SIlJ30AOU IlS nipoue; nou OAl09aivouv Enavw OTOV KallntJAO OOIlYO. Aoyw TWV UlIJllAWV q>optiwv Til OTIYlln Tile; tkpl1~ile;, TO npo JjAl1lla OSV SIVOI anao Kalil ava~ntilol1 TOU KOToMIl AOU ~suyoue; TWV UAlKWV Kat Tile; AinavOIle; ouvsxi~s Tal. napoaailaa, exsl ~SKIVnoel Kal I1 KaTaoKEUn svoe; vtou 1l0vTeAou (R2F slkova 17) Yla TOV tasyxo KOIOA AWV Sntlltpoue; OTolxsiwv. HPU91J10l1 TI1<: &loayc&jy~<: Kal ~ayc&jy~<: H K!VI101l Tile; KSq>OATJe; TOU KUAiVOpou a~lonoln9llks Yla Til pu91l10ll Tile; pone; TWV aspiwv. ITIlV KSq>aAn TOU KUAivopou txel npojjasq>9si eva OVOIYIlO (slkova 10). ITO anevavtl akivllto llepoe; Tile; IlllxOVne; (slkova 11) KaTaA!iyouv 01 aywyoi EIOOOOU KaL s~ooou TWV aspiwv. Eov IlnpoOTa OTO OVOlYlla Tile; KSq>OATJe; TOU KU Aivopou JjpiOKSTat TO KASIOTO TOixwlla TOU ak[vlltou llepoue;, TO atplo &ivai anokaslolltvo IlEoa OTO xwpo spyao[ac; Kal avmoyo IlS TIlV Kivl101l TOU SIlJjOAOU u q>iototal oullnisoil n SKTOVWOll. 'OTav KOTO Tllv nspl OTpOq>n Tile; KSq>aAne; TOU KUAivopou TO OVOIYlla EpeSl IlnpoOTO oe EVOV ana TOUe; oywyoue;, n>te 0 xwpoe; spyaoioe; SntKOlvwvsi Ile TOV «e~w KOOIlO» Kal OVOAOyo IlS TI1V KiVIlOll TOU elljjaaou yivstoi sloaywyn n s ~oywyn. H nspiotpsq>0ilsvll KSq>aAn TOU KUAiVOpou, as ouvspyooio (slkova 12) Ils TOV okivilto (KiTPIVO) Ilovoua nou q>epsl TO oeplo, ASITOUPYEi oav nepl OTpeq>OIlSVOe; OUPTIlC;. KOl TO Olio KOllllOTla uq>iota VTal 9sPlllKn KaTanoVl1011 Kal YIO TO QUo exsi npo JjAsq>9si liju~1l Ils KUKAOq>Op[O uypou (01 KOKKIVO Jjall IlEVSe; Sntq>OVSLSe;, slkova 12). o KlVIlTnpOe; eival npoyllatl TOOO onaoe;. 000 q>oi VeTal. ITIlV npayllotikoti1ta OAOKAIlPOe; anoteas! TOlono QUO 1l0VOV KlVOUIlSVO IlEPIl: To POTOPO Kat TO EIl130AO (11 Keq>aAn TOU KUAivopou e[voi 1l0VIIla OUVOEOSlleVIl IlE TO potopa, TO «olanaowv» Kal Ta paouao 1l0Vlll0 ouvosoelltvo Ile TO Elll3oAO), KOIOU TO TO QUO 1l0VaolKO KOllllOTla SntTeAouv Tllv natjpil ASLTOupy[a evoe; TETPOXPOVou KIVI1TnpO. To npo13al11l0 Tile; oteyovwol1e;, TO onoio txsi yivei 01 Tia va onotuxouv nomte; OAASe; npotaosle; YlO TI1V 0 naaaoyn TOU KlVIlTTJpa ana TIe; JjaAl3iose;, M91lKe Ile snttuxia OTO Rany-Motor. rupw ono TO ovoiylla OTllv KSq>aAn TOU KUAivopou txel npojjasq>9sill[0 q>waio, 0 nou Ton09ETn9l1KS tva oaxtuaiol (EIKova 10), TO 0 nolo w90uilevo ono TIlV n[eol1 TWV ospiwv Kat Til q>u YOKEVTPO nte~etol OUVsxwe; Kat OAlo90ivel OTI1V sow TSplKn Sntq>OVSIO TOU ak[vi1tou e~wtspikou llepoue;. MOAOVOTl TO QUO TSIlOXIO (KSq>aAn TOU KuAiVOpou Kat OK[VIlTO nepil3alllla) I3pioKovToI oe OXSTlKn lleto~u TOUe; Kivl101l, 11 OTSYOVWOI1 SiVOI OpIOTIl. no va Snt Tsuxgei oteyovotilto TOU OOKTUAiou OUTOU KOI we; npoe; Tllv (OXSTlKO OKivTJTIl) KSq>OATJ TOU KUAiVOpou. Ton09sTn91lKOV OTI1V m:plq>tpelo TOU ouo OUVIl91 olltva eaotnplo OTeyovoTIlTae;. TO enola e~oitioe; Tile;

15 loua10e;-auyouotoe; '95 TEXV1Ka XpovlKa iae; EAaOT1KoTIlTae; TOUe; KQl Tile; nieane; TWV aepiwv mi~ovtal OTa EOWTEplKa TOlxWl.laTa TTle; cpwalae; ano K)..eiovTae; ETOI Kcl8E 6UVaTOTIlTa 61acpUYrle; TOU aepi OU. H anamayrl TOU KaTaOKEuaOTrl ano Tllv unoxpewol"j va Ton08ETtioEI Tle; f3aaf3i6ee; OTl"Jv KEcpaArl TOU KUAiv 6pou avoi~e TO 6pol.l0 Yla Til f3eat1otil 61al.loPCPWOl"J TOU Xwpou KaUane;. 0 xwpoe; KaUOl"Je; OTO Rany-Motor f3pioketal ouolaotika I.IS0a OTIlV KEcpaAr, TOU KUAiv 6pou, onwe; I.InopEi va 6EI KavEie; OTl"JV EIKova 11. To el.lf3oao 06rWEiTai 000 TO 6uvaTOv KovTa (TOOO 000 a Kplf3we; va XTunaEI) OTl"Jv KECPaArl TOU KUAlv6pou, W OTE TO aepto va f3pioketat KAEtOI.lSVO l.i&oa OTOV KEVO Xwpo Tile; KEcpaAlie; TOU KuAiv6pou. 0 xwpoe; Epyaoiae; exei anoktnoet OUl.lnayrll.lopcpti. OMKAIlPIlIl l.ia~a a VTi6paOl"Je; SXEI ouocpalpw8ei Kal I.IE I.IEyaAIl npooey YIOl"J SXEt anoktt;oet Til 1.I0pcpn B TOU OXE6iou p01.l0e: Tile: avti6paane: EXEt Emf3paxuv8Ei Kalil EmcpaVEta TOU XwpOU avti6paol"je: EAaTTW8IlKE. 0 XPO VOe; avti6paane; SXEl avtiotolxa I.IEtw8Ei, Kal ECP' OOOV Aal.lf3avETat I.ISptl.lva (I.IE TTJV KaTaMIlAIl 6tal.l0pcpwan TOU Kal.lnUAOU 061lYou) va napal.levei TO el.lf3oao ap KETO XPOVO KOVTa OTO avw VEKPO Ol"JI.IEio, 11 avti6pa 0l"J I.InopEi va yivet OUOtaOT1Ka OE tooxwpee: OUV8rlKEe;. ITO RanY-Motor EK KaTaOKEUne: TO avotyokae[oii.l0 EloaywYrle; - Ef;aywYrle; yivetat akaplaia, KelT! nou 8a EV 80uoia~E TOUe; KaTaOKEuaOTse: nomotpocpwv KtVI1Tt; pwv. 01 f3eatiotee; ywviee: npoetoaywyrle; - npoef;ayw Yrle;, OCPEtAOI.IEVEe; 0Tl"J porl TWV aepiwv, 6ev SXOUV f3pe 8Ei akoi.li1, cpaivetal 0I.lWe; OTt elvat anl.lavt1ka I.IIKPO TEpEe; ano TO f3aaj)160cpopo K1VI1Trlpa. 'H611 I.IE I.IIKprl aaaayr') TOUe;, txoui.ie 8Eal.laTIKSe; I.IETapOASe; 0Tl"J AEI Toupyia, EVW npsnet va Tovt08Ei OTl Ta I.ItXPI Twpa no M KaAO netpal.latika anoteasol.lata I.IE Kavsvav TPOno 6EV avtlnpoowneuouv Tte; peattotee; ouv8tikee; EtoaywYrle; - Ef;aywyrle:. 'EAEyxoC; TOU KIYI1T~pa, EYKaTOaraOI1, J.I TP~O IC; o KtVI1Trlpae;, OUV6E6El.leVOe; I.IE I1AEKTp06uval.llKrl ns 611 Kat Tie; anapaitl1tee: avaautikte; Kal AOlnSe: p01181l TtKte; OUOKEute;, f3pioketal OUVExWe; uno TOV EAeVXO E voe; unoaoyiotrl. o unoaoytotrle; naipvei ano TOV KIVI1Tnpa Kal TIe; OU OKEUSe; nal1pocpopiee: Yla - TOV aplbl.lo OTPOCPWV - TTJ OUVBEOl"J TWV KauoaEpiwv - TO cpopdo nou SXEI Entf3AI18Ei - TO nooov TOU EIOEPX0I.IEVOU aepa - TIlV KaTaVQAwOl"J Tile: PEv~ivl1e;, unoaoyi~ei - Til OTIYl.ln TIle; SVXUOl"Je; - Til 61apKEIa TIle; SVXUOl"Je; - TIl OTIYI.lr, Tile; avocpaef;i1e; EVEpyonolEi - Tte; l.iayvlltlkee; J)aAf3i6Ee; eyxuol"je; Kat - Ta Tpav~iOTOp yta TI1V IlAEKTPtKrl EKKSVWan napouoia~et OAa Ta I.IETpOUI.IEva Kal unoaoyi~oi.leva I.IEyS81l OTIlV 080VI1 nou EnomEUEI 0 XElploTt;e; KQl TS AOe; Ta KaTaypacpEt Yla I.IEMOVTlKrl af;lonoii1ol"j. ITa 61aypal.ll.laTa 21, 22 Kal 23 cpaivetal OXl1l.1aTlKO 11 OUV6EOI.IOAoyia TWV 61acpopwv OUOKEUWV Tile; nelpal.iatikrle; 6IaTaf;Tle:, TWV I1AEKTPOVIKWV I.IEPWV Kal TO AO YIKO 61aypal.ll.la I.IE J)aOl"J TO onoio 0 unoaoyuntie; E ASVXEt Til AEIToupyia TOU KIVI1Tr,pa. Eival CPUOIKO OTt ano evav KIVI1Tnpa 0 onoioe; u<piota Tal OUVEXEie; amayte; Kal J)EATIWOEle: Kal Yla TOV onoio En' ou6evi Myo 6EV SXOUV f3pe8ei 01 f3satiotee; ouv 8rlK&e; AEIToupyiae:, 6EV 8a I.InOpOUOE KavEie: va nepi I.ISVEI T&AIKa anoteasol.lata I.I&TprlOEWV Kal <puolka a KOI.IIl AlYOT&PO Ent600Ele; ouykpioli.lee: 1.1& autse; TWV I.ISXPI TEAEloTI1Tae; Ef;EAlYI.ISVWV OUl.lf3aTtKWV KIVIlTr, pwv TOU El.lnopiou. Ta anoteaeol.lata nou napouolo ~ovtal OTa akoaou8a 61aypal.ll.laTa ixouv nap8ei oaa ano TO 1.I0VTSAO R2C Kal ava<pepovtal OE 6IaTOI.lr, EIoMou aepoe: iol"j 1.1& TO 8% Tile; 6la8eoll.ll1e; l5latol.lne; npo<pavwe;, l5ev I.InopEi napa va EXOUV npoowpiv0i.i0 VO xapaktrlpa Kal anawe; va un0611awvouv auto nou npsnei va nepll.isvoui.ie ano TO RanY-Motor. 'OTav r,611 Twpa OTO OTa610 auto TTJe; avamuf;lle: 01 Em600Ele: au Tee; Eival OXI 1.I0VO ouykpioii.lee;, aaao lowe; Kat KaAU TEpEe; ano TO OUI.IJ)aTlKO KlvllTt;pa, I.Inopei KavEie; va unoaoyioei noiee; 8a Eivat OTO I.IsMov, otav 8a SXEI anoktrloei l.iia avaaoyi1 WPII.IOTIlTa. MCKpac;: EuxaplOTw TOV KUPIO MnEKlapoYAou Yla TI1V nom wpaia napouoiaol"j nou l.iae; ekave. ea rl8eaa va KaAeOW TOV KUptO KOUTOOUKO ano TO all- 1.I0KpiTEIO naventotrll.110 epakile; va l.iae; I.IIArlOEI Yla TIe; «eknol.lnse; ano TI1V KUKAO<popia J)EV~IVOKivIlTWV autoktvr,twii OTO AEKallonsl5lo Tile: A8r,vae; TO Kat orli.lepa». 'Onwe; <paivetal E6w OTI1V avakoivwol"j, rltav lia Sp8Et o KUptOe; OIKOVOI.IOnouAoe:, aaao 6EV I.InOpeOE, Kal OTIl 8san TOU rlp8& 0 KUptOe; KOUTOOUKOe:.