, 2166 m, 4162 m,,, m 3 gs, m 3,, 5 10, 7117%, 11 4, 2813%,, m 3 gs, ;, ;,,,,,,,,

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1 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA V o l. 55, N o. 2 M ar., 2000 : (2000) , 1, 2 (11,, ; 21, ) :, 4,, 3,,,, : ; ; ; ; : P34315; P967 : A,, 80, 1, 2166 m, 4162 m,,, m 3 gs, m 3,, 5 10, 7117%, 11 4, 2813%,, m 3 gs, 912, ;, ;,,,,,,,,, : ; : : (19492),, 1974, 20 E2m ail: h tshen@ sk lec1ecnu1edu1cn

P34315; P967 : A,, 80, 1, 2166 m, 4162 m,,, 29 10 3 m 3 gs, 924 10 8 m 3,, 5 10, 7117%, 11 4,

2 244 55,,,,, 2 [ 1 ], 2 2,, : (1),,,, ; (2),,, ; (3) 212,,,,,,,,,,, t [2 ], , t,,,,, :, ; (S4-5) (S6) (S7),, 1 (Clg 10-3 ) Ξ (198217) Tab11 Vertically averaged salin ity at the station s in the South and North Passage S4 S5 S6 S7 S1 S2 S Ξ :, ( ),

station s in the South and North Passage S4 S5 S6 S7 S1 S2 S3 0174 0136 0114 0105 0109 0116 0152 0144 0135

3 2 : 245,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ( 1) 1 a: S3 b: S5 F ig11 Changes of Ch lo rinity w ith velocity a: at ancho r station S3 in the N o rth passage b: at ancho r station S5 in the South passage 213 ( ),,,, ;,,,,, 214,,,,,,,,,,,

4 246 55,,, 3 311, 312 :, ;, ( 2) 2 F ig12 Curves of velocity and ch lo rinity during during tidal cycle a) b) a) influenced by saltw ater from N o rth B ranch b) uninfluenced by saltw ater from N o rth B ranch,,,, 3 :, ;, ;,, ;,, ( 3),,

5 2 : 247, , , 12 4,,,,, ,,,, , ,,,, ;,,, 3 ( ) F ig13 Sem imonth ly variations of ch lo rinity in the Changjiang estuary ( ),, ( 2), , , ,, 2#, ;,,,,,,, 2#,,,, ( 3) ( ), ( ),,,, , gkm, gkm

Changjiang estuary (19961318 29),, ( 2), 1996 3 11, 315 10-6 234 10-6 594 10-6, 279

6 248 55, ,,,,,,,, 1, 1,,, Ξ (Clg 10-6 ) Tab12 D istr ibution of chlor in ity along the South Channel-South Branch Ξ Ξ Ξ (Clg 10-6 ) Tab13 D istr ibution of the chlor in ity at station s in the south bank of Chong m ing island 2# 1996, 3, 8 ( ) , 3, 13 ( ) Ξ : Ξ Ξ., , 3,, ;,, 25%,, ; 3,,,,, 3,,, , 20 km, , ,,,, 7215 km, 1156, 1 [3 ], 1985,, m 3,, ,, , :,.., 1981.

station s in the south bank of Chong m ing island 2# 1996, 3, 8 ( ) 1242 400 837 1338 1996, 3, 13 ( ) 79 488 551 427 Ξ : Ξ Ξ., 1996.

7 2 : m 3,,, ( ),,, 95% 97%,,, 20 km 8,, [4 ], 7,,,,, , ,, , ,,,,,,,,,, [5 ], :,,,,,, ,,,,,,, (References) [1 ] M ao Zh ichang, Shen H uanting. Study on type of saltw ater intrusion fo r tidal branch ing estuaries a case study on the Changjiang estuary [J ]. J ou rnal of E ast Ch ina N orm al U niversity, 1995 (3): ( In Ch inese) [,. [J ]., 1995 (3): ] [2 ] H an N aibin, L u Zhongyi. Study on the p rocesses and regulations of no rth branch in the Changjiang estuary[j ]. R enm in Changj iang, 1984 (3): ( In Ch inese) [,. [J ]., 1984 (3): ] [ 3 ] Shen H uanting, M ao Zh ichang, Gu Guozhuan et al. T he effect of South- to - N o rth w ater transfer on saltw ater intrusion in the,,.., 1996.

( In Ch inese) [,. [J ]., 1995 (3): 77 85. ] [2 ] H an N aibin, L u Zhongyi. Study on the p rocesses and regulations of no rth branch in the Changjiang estuary[j ].

8 Changjiang estuary[a ]. In: Long- distance w ater transfer: a Chinese case study and international experiences[c ]. Published fo r the U nited N ations U niversity, [4 ] H an N aibin. A nalysis of the ch lo rinity of South B ranch channel of the Changjiang estuary[j ]. J ou rnal of N anj ing H y d rau lic R esearch Institu te, 1983 (1): ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1983 (1): ] [5 ] Shen H uanting, Yuan Zhendong, Zheng Yongbing et al. P rediction of how m any days it should no t be draw n w ater constantly from Yangtze R iver[j ]. M athem atics in p ractice and theory, 1997, 27 (3): [J ]., 1997, 27 (3): ] (in Ch inese) [,,. The Pattern of Saltwater In trud ing in to the Changj iang Estuary and the Utilization of Freshwater Resources M AO Zh i2chang 1, SH EN H uan2ting 1, XU Peng2ling 2 (11S tate K ey L aboratory of E stuarine and Coastal R esearch, Institu te of E stuarine and Coastal R esearch, E ast Ch ina N orm al U niversity, S hang hai ; 21S hang hai W ater W orks Corp oration, S hang hai ) Abstract: T he geom o rp h ic fea tu res of the Chang jiang estua ry a re cha racterized by the m u lti2o rder b ranch ing. T he saltw ater in tru sion has the fo llow ing fou r distinct fo rm s: d irect in t ru sion from the ou ter sea; sa ltw a ter exchange by shoa l p a ssages; sa ltw a ter dow n stream from o ther w aterw ays; saltw ater in tru sion by tidal flooding. T empo rtal changes in the salin ity of the Changjiang estuary have daily, sem imon th ly, seasonal and yearly variation. T here ex ists the sharp th ree dem arcation lines of salin ity gradien t along the Sou th B ranch- Sou th Channel. Tw o m ain p rob lem s had to be so lved befo re bu ilding reservo irs of avo ide saltw ater and sto re freshw ater in the Changjiang estuary. O ne is to calcu late the longest du ration that the ch lo rin ity exceeds in the w ater resou rces area, w h ich is the criterion value fo r determ in ing the sto rage capacity of reservo irṡ M athem atical m ethods including the cybernetics, the frequecncy spected analysis and m athem atical modelling are adop ted here to get mo re co rrect tim es w hen the ch lo rin ity exceeds A nd the o ther is to determ ine reasonab ly site of the pump ing station and the heigh t of w ater in take of w ater p um p s from the river bed. T he above p rob lem s can be so lved after understand ing the pattern of tempo ral and spatial variation of the saltw ater in tru sion in the Changjiang estua ry. T he above conclu sion s have p layed an impo rtan t ro le in fo rm ing the reservo ir schem e of the Bao shan lron and Steel P lan t, and supp lied basic data fo r selection of the po stion and sto rage capacity fo r the Chenhang reservo iṙ Key words: T idal b ranch ing estuaries; Pattern of salin ity vary w ith tim e and space; U tilization of freshw ater resou rces; R eservo irs of avo ide saltw ater and sto re freshw ater; Changjiang E stuary

[J ]., 1983 (1): 74 81. ] [5 ] Shen H uanting, Yuan Zhendong, Zheng Yongbing et al. P rediction of how m any days it should no t be draw n w ater constantly from Yangtze R iver[j ].

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