STUDY ON THE SO IL SEED BANK AND SEED RA IN OF M ELLO TUS

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1 1998, 22 (6) A cta Phytoecolog ica S in ica Ξ (, ) (M allotus p anicu latus) 745 gm 2, gm 2, gm 2,,,,, STUDY ON THE SO IL SEED BANK AND SEED RA IN OF M ELLO TUS PAN ICULA TUS FOREST IN X ISHUANGBANNA T ang Yong, Cao M in, Zhang J ianhou and Sheng Caiyu (X ishuang banna T rop ical B otanical Gard en, CA S, Y unnan,m eng la ) Abstract T his study deals w ith the so il seed bank and seed rain of M allotus p anicu latus fo r2 est in X ishuangbanna, Yunnan p rovince. T he results show that the so il seed bank had a seed sto rage of seeds. m - 2 (M ean SE, n= 20) at the end of rainy season and seed s. m - 2 at the end of dry season. T he annual seed input w as 745 seeds. m - 2. T he peak of seed input, w hich caused a high seed sto rage in so il seed bank, occurred in dry season. T his w as in co rrespondence w ith the period in w h ich the dom inan t species dispersed their seeds. T he dom inant species in seed rain also had a large sto rage in so il seed bank. T he frag2 m entation reduced the seed sto rage in the so il and seed input and resulted in the significantly high p ropo rtion of the seeds of p ioneer tree species dispersed by birds in the so il seed bank and seed rain as w ell. T he clim ax species w ith seeds dispersed by large anim als w ere no t able to reach the iso lated,w ho se succession w as retarded. Key words So il seed bank, Seed rain, Secondary succession, T rop ical Ξ ,

2 506 22, 1540 (Singh et a l., 1995),,, 60,, (Cao et a l., 1996),, 5060% 9027% (Zhang, 1986; Zhang et a l., 1995),,,, (, 1994) (So il seed bank) (Seed rain),, (Young et a l., 1985; D en slow et a l., 1990; Chandrashelara et a l., 1993;, 1996;, 1995),, 1, 21 41, , m,,,, h, 4014% 2114, 2513, mm(11 4 ) 264mm, (5 10 ) 1293mm, 86% (M a llotus p an icu la tus),, : (Ga rcin ia x an thochym us)(m elia toosend en) (Chuk rasia tabu la ris var. ve2 lu tina) (H orsf ield ia tetra tep a la) (R auvolf ia vom itoria) (A lston ia schola ris) (Gm elina a rborea)(l ag e2 stroem ia tom en tosa)(f icus sp. )(A d enan thera p avon ina) (P hoebe lanceola ta) (M illettia lap tobotry a)(f i2 cus sup erba var. jap on ica ) (P rem na f u lva ) (L itsea g lu tinosa)(p leioblastus am a rus)(m easa ind ica) (Gouan ia javan ica) (S tep han ia hernand if olia), (A lchornea tiliaef olia ) (D ig ita ria sang u ina lis)(op lism enus com p ositus) (Cyp erus d if f usus) 50125m 2, 1. 5m, 10m,,, (W illiam s2l inera et a l., 1984),,,,,,, ( 2 ),

3 6 : 507,,, 40m, 2m, 10m 10cm, (0 2cm ), (2 5cm ), (5 10cm ), 20, 120,,,, ( 1), 745 gm 2, ( 1), 1 2,,,,, , (Pu tz et a l., 1987; Young et a l., 1987),,,, 1 2,,, (A n tho2 cep ha lus ch inensis) (S olanum verbacif olium ), F ig. 1 Seeds and species trapped in M a llotus p anicu latus in different months and their co rrelation w ith local rainfall

4 Table 1 Seeds trapped in M allotus p anicu latus Year M onth To tal Seeds input Species input , 35, 40 ( 2), 13, 351, 4711%,,, 10, 131, 8516%, 1617%,,, 115m,,, 2 Table 2 L ife fo rm spectrum of seeds trapped in M allotus p anicu latus L ife fo rm s T ree Sh rub L iana H erb Grass To tal N um ber of species 32. 5% 17. 5% 5. 0% 35. 0% 10% 100% P ropo rtion N um ber of seeds 47. 1% 26. 0% 0. 7% 20. 5% 5. 7% 100% P ropo rtion cm, ( 3), gm gm 2, (t= , = 38, t ),,,,,,,,, 1 2,,,,

5 6 : 509 3(SE) Table 3 Seed sto rage in M allotus p anicu ltus (m ean SE, n= 20) Samp le tim e ( gm 2 ) Seed sto rage in so il layers To tal 0 2cm 2 5cm 5 10cm 0 10cm Rainy season D ry season ( 4),,,,,,,,,,,, ( : ),,, 4 Table 4 Dom inant species in the so il seed bank under M allotus p anicu latus N um ber of seeds P ropo rtion (% ) Species D ry season Rainy season D ry season Rainy season T rem a orien ta lis B roussonetia p apy rif era Cyp erus d if f usus M ollug o p en tap hy lla T hy sanolaena m ax im a A g era tum cony z oid es Gouan ia javan ica M icrosteg ium cilia tum C rassocep ha lum crep id ioid es Op lism enus comp ositus A n thocep ha lus ch inensis ,, 31, 8111%, 9312%,, 5,, 216

6 510 22,,, (F rag2 m en tation ) ( Iso lation),,,,,, ( 5), (Young et a l., 1987; Garw ood, 1983;, 1997),,,,, 5 Table 5 The so il seed sto rage of M allotus p anicu latus in comparison w ith tho se of s at different successional stages Fo rest Fo rest age Seed sto rage Seasonal rain M. p an icu la tus M. d enticu lata T. orientalis T. orientalis > , ( 6), 6,, 6 Table 6 B ird dispersed seeds in the so il seed bank of M allotus p anicu latus Species N um ber of seeds D ry season Rainy season D ry season P ropo rtion (% ) Rainy season B roussonetia p apy rif era T rem a orien ta lis F icus h isp id a S olanum verbacif olium F icus p isocarp a F icus sp R ubus m u tibracteatus F icus relig iosa F icus sem icord ata To tal

7 6 : 511, 2811% ( 7),,,,,,,,,,, (Su sana et a l., 1985; T erbo rgh, 1990; H en ry, 1990),,, 7 Table 7 B ird dispersed seeds trapped in M allotus p anicu latus Species N um ber of seeds P ropo rtion in seed rain (% ) F icus h isp id a B roussonetia p apy rif era F icus sem icord a ta F icus relig iosa T rem a orien ta lis S olanum verbacif olium To tal ,,,,,,,,,,, 1995:, 37 (3) , 1994:,,, :, 13 35, 1996:,, 16 (5) , 1997:,, 19 (2) Cao M. & Zhang J. H., 1996: A n ecolog ical p ersp ective on shif ting cultivation in X ishuangbanna, SW China. W al2 laceana, 78: Chandrashelara U. M. & Ram ak rishnan P. S., 1993: Germ inable so il seed bank dynam ics during the gap phase of a hu2 m id trop ical in the W estern Ghats of Kerala, India, J ou rnal of T rop ical E cology, 9: D enslow J. S. & D iaz A. E. G., 1990: Seed rain to tree 2fall gap s in a N eo trop ical rain fo resṫ Can. J. F or. R eṡ, 20: Garwood N. C., 1989: T rop ical so il seed bank s: a review, In: L eck,m. A, Parker, V. T. and Simp son, R. L. (eds. ), E 2

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