Ana lys is on popula tion surv iv ing process of Cha ng ium smy rn ioides, an endangered plan t

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1 A CTA ECOLO G ICA S IN ICA V o l. 24,N o. 6 Jun., 2004,,, 3 (, ) :, L ogistic 50 a,,,, L eslie 30 a, (0 5 a), (15 25 a) (45 50 a) : ; ; ; ; D eevey ; Ana lys is on popula tion surv iv ing process of Cha ng ium smy rn ioides, an endangered plan t L I W ei2cheng, GE Y ing, SH EN G H ai2yan, CHAN G J ie 3 (Colleg e of L if e S cience, Z hej iang U niversity, H ang z hou , Ch ina). A cta Ecolog ica S in ica, 2004, 24 (6) : Abstract: Chang ium sm y rnioid es W o lff, a m ono typ ic species of Um bellaceae, occurs only in a narrow zone in the eastern to m iddle part of the Yangtze R iver Basin, south part of Ch ina. A s a result of hum an activity and its bio logical characteristics, C. sm y rnioid es has already becom e an endangered species. It is impo rtant to understand the basic life h isto ry and grow th p rocess as w ell as endangered m echanism. Because of the difficulty in estim ating the age of C. sm y rnioid es individuals, a L ogistic Grow th M odel w as used to estim ate the age of the individuals by non2destructive m ethod, based on the experim ental data of seed2 seedling conversion rate and seedling survival rate. T he static life table and fecundity schedule, the k illing pow er, D eevey curve and L eslie M atrix M odel w ere used to analyze the num erical dynam ics of the population. A ll data w ere obtained from the field investigation, including the age structure, seed p roduction and natural germ ination rate. T he k illing pow er indicated that there w ere th ree bo ttleneck s th roughout the w ho le life h isto ry of C. sm y rnioid es. T he first bo ttleneck, w h ich is the low survival rate of seedling, w as caused by environm ental stress; the o ther tw o bo ttleneck s, h igh death rates of m ature and aged individuals, w ere caused by hum an activity and sho rtage of ligh t, respectively. T hat lim ited the developm ent and recruitm ent of the populations. O n the sense of m eta2population, the local population of C. sm y rnioid es had a trend tow ard extinction fo r its age structure indicating the low birth rate but h igh m o rtality. N et rep roductive rate (R 0), instantaneous rate of increase ( rp ), finite rate of increase (Κ) and generation span (T ) show ed that the population w as the decreasing type. W hen the m ean offsp ring num ber is 11678, the population of N an Peak w ould increase. U nder the static hypo thesis of tw o m ain param eters, the m ean birth rate bi and livability P i, the L eslie M atrix M odel p redicted that the population size w ould decrease in the com ing 30 years, and the ratio of the o ld individuals in the population w ould increase. T he population inhabited in seasonal gap o riginally, but it now takes refuge in the co rrido r near the edge of fo rest w here sunligh t is rich and competitive species is lesṡ A cco rding to the cause of population declining, w e suggest to take the m ethod of insitu and ex situ conservation com bined w ith hum an2aided : (G ) : ; : : (1978 ),,,, 3 A utho r fo r co rrespondence, E2m ail: jchang@m ail. hz. zj. cn Foundation item: the N ational Key P ro ject fo r Basic Research in Ch ina (N o. G ) Rece ived date: ; Accepted date: Biography: L IW ei2cheng, M aster,m ainly engaged in eco system analysis and modeling, and eco logical engineering.

2 offsp ring num ber increasing. Key words: endangered p lant; Chang ium sm y rnioid es; population dynam ic; age structure; D eevey curve; k illing pow er : (2004) : Q 948 : A (Chang ium sm y rnioid es W o lff), N, E,,, [1, 2 ] [1, 3 ],,, 1984 [4 ] [3, 5 ],, (population viability analyses, PVA ), PVA [6 ] [7 10 ], PVA,, :,, L ogistic ;,,, D eevey ; L eslie,,,, PVA (p ro jection m atrix) , 1614 C, 1 (319 C), 120d, mm, 10 2 (20% 27% ), (),, (12 6 ), : (1), ( T rachelosp erm um jasm inoid es) (H ed era helix ); (2), (R ubus h irsu tus) (R osa m u ltif lora) (P ilea notata) (A chy ranthes bid entata ) (S am bucus ch inensis) (S em iaqu ileg ia ad ox oid es)(cory d alis sheareri) (A rth rax on h isp id us) ( E, N ) m 2 3, m 2 1, 1 1 m 2 32,, (5 6 ), 5 m 4 1 1m 2,, [1 ], 2, (1 1 m 2 ) 16, 2 m, (12 cm, 6cm ), (, 8 ),, (), 4 1 1m 2, (, ),, 16 (, ), 1. 3,, [2 ], yx, : y = 91511x (r = , n = 44), [2 ], SA S

3 6 : 1189 L ogistic ( 1): V it = (i = 1, 2, 3,, 50), V k e - r m t V 0 rm = ; i,v it, i ; V k, ; t r = (P < 0105) 10 1 [8 ],, 50 a, ( ), 45 a 1. 4 D eevey [8, 11 ] I:, ; J i, I ; d i, I I+ 1 ; g i, I, g i= g igj i 1000; L i, I I + 1, L i= (J i+ J i+ 1) g2; T i, I, T i= J i+ J i- 1+ ; ei, i, ei= T igj i; a i, I ; K i, (k illing pow er) K i = lnj i - lnj i+ 1 [10 ] D eevey 1. 5 [8 ] i, ; J i, I 1 2 L ogistic ; m i, I ; J im i ij im i F ig. 1 Sim ulated L ogistic grow th curve of age2vo lum e fo r (R 0) (R p ) (Κ) Chang ium smy rnioides (T ) : 1. 6 L eslie R 0 = 6 J im i, T = 6 ij im ig 6 J im i, R p = lnr V k 0gT, Κ= er p,, [9 ], D agm ar L eslie [12 ] L eslie,,, [13, 14 ] 5 a 1, 10 bi I, P i I I + 1 ( d i= 1- P i), bi, P i, 50 a, D eevey ( 2) D eevey2i,, ( 1 ), (3 5 a),, 2. 2 (1 a) ( 1, 2 3),, 1, 10. 9% ( 1), 2 D eevey F ig. 2 D eevey survivo rsh ip of Chang ium smy rnioid es population (P < 0101), ;,,

4 H abita types 1 Table 1 Surv ivorship of Chang ium smyrn ioides seedling in f ields Seedling num bers gm 2 1a Seedling num bers after one year gm 2 L ivability (% ) + H um us so il+ V egetation reserved H um us so il+ V egetation removed Sand so il+ V egetation reserved Sand so il+ V egetation removed a ( 2, 3), a (K = Table 2 Fecundity schedule of Chang ium smyrn ioides population , ), a 3 ( I J i m i J 3 i m i J 3 i m 3 i I Population 3 ), 3 K , Chang ium smy rnioides population fo r N angaofeng [8, 10 ] 1 5 a a ( 3), , ( 4), ( 2) 3 F ig. 3 Killing pow ers of Chang ium smy rn ioid es population 4 F ig. 4 A ge structure of Chang ium smy rn ioid es population R 0= R p = Κ= T = (a) Chang ium smy rnioides population fo r W enjiashan R 0= R p = Κ= T = (a) Chang ium smy rnioides population fo r Yuhuangshan R 0= R p = Κ= T = (a) R 0 N et rep roductive rate; R p Instantaneous rate of increase; Κ F inite rate of increase; T Generation span 2. 4, 136, [1 ], ( 3),, ;,

5 6 : 1191 [15 ], [8, 17 ] ( 2) R p = , , , ; R 0= 0121, 0153, 0123, 1, ; (T = 12181a, 12126a, 10102a); Κ= , , , 3 Table 3 Seed germ ination of Chang ium smyrn ioides under differen t condition s H abitat D eciduous broadleved fo rest Bam boo grove L abo rato ry (% ) (% ) So il w ater So il types Germ ination content H um us so il Yellow so il 1,,, Sand (m i ), m i= 11678, ( 5), m i , 2. 5 L eslie [14 ] L eslie, 10 [18 ] L eslie, 5 a, 30 a L eslie ( 4) : A = , 110 g100 m 2 30 a 43 g100 m 2, 3g4,, L eslie,, 3,, [11, 19 ],,, [3 ], 3 5 [15 ], [16 ] ;, [3 ], 5, (A nth riscus sy lvestris) F ig. 5 Relationsh ip betw een increase rate of population and m ean offsp ring num ber,,,

6 [15 ] 2 () m 2 (30 a) Table 4 Numer ic dynam ics of Chang ium smyrn ioides population in, 30 years,, A ge class N 0 N 1 N 2 N 3 N 4 N 5 N 6 (15 30 a) (45 50 a) ; , [4 ] , , , [3 ], To tal , (5 6 ), [4 ],, L eslie, : (1),, [20 ] ; (2), ( ), References: [ 1 ] Sheng H Y, Chang J, Yin X W, et a l. Seed dispersal and seed bank dynam ics of the endangered Chang ium smy rnioid eṡ B iod iversity S cience, 2002, 10 (3) : [ 2 ] L iw C, Chang J, Fan M Y, et a l. A study on non2destructive model fo r estim ating individual age of an endangered p lant Chang ium Smy rn ioid eṡ J ou rna l of B iom a them atics, 2003, 18 (3) : [ 3 ] Q iu Y X, Fu C X. Studies on the endangerm ent m echanism of and conservation strategies fo r Chang ium smy rnioid eṡ B iod iversity S cience, 2001, 9 (2) : [ 4 ] Chang J, Ge Y, L u Y J, et a l. A comparison of pho to synthesis in endangered and non2endangered p lants Chang ium smy rnioid es and A n th riscus sy lvestris. P hotosy n thetica, 2002, 40 (2) : [ 5 ] L iou S L, Ye J S, Chen C M, et a l. A synthetic study on the Ch inense chang ium (Um belliferae). B u lletin of B otanical R esearch, 1991, 11 (2) : [ 6 ] M enges E S. Population viability analyses in p lants: challenges and oppo rtunitieṡ T R E E, 2000, 15 (2) : [ 7 ] Begon M, M o rtim er M. P op u la tion E cology: A un if ied study of anim als and p lantṡ B lackw ell Scientific Publiscations, [ 8 ] Shang Y C, Cai X M. Genera l E cology. Beijing U niversity P ress, [ 9 ] Zhong Z C. S tudy on ecolog ica l ad ap ta tive m echan ism of p lant p op u lation. Science P ress, [ 10 ] Ge Y, Chang J. Existence A nalysis of Populations ofm osla hang chow ensis, an endangered p lanṫ B otanical B u lletin of A cad em ia S inica, 2001, 42: [ 11 ] Yue C L, J iang H, Zhu Y M. A nalysis on num eric dynam ics of population of C im icif ug a nanchuanensis, an endangered p lanṫ A cta E colog ica S in ica, 2002, 22 (5) : [ 12 ] D agm ar S, W o lfgang M P. A model fo r the developm ent of the cabbage roo t fly (D elia rad icum L. ) based on the extended L eslie model. E colog ica l M od elling, 1996, 91 (15) : [ 13 ] Yang Q F. T he m a them a tics m od eling. Zhejiang U niversity P ress, [ 14 ] Zheng Y R, Zhang X S, Xu W D. M odel fo recast on population dynam ics of sp ruce on sandy land. A cta P hy toecolog ica S inica, 1997, 21 (2) : [ 15 ] Yin X W, Chang J, Ge Y, et a l. A comparison of do rm ancy and germ ination of seeds betw een an endangered species, Chang ium smy rn ioid es, and a non2endangered species, A n th riscus sy lvestris. B iod iversity S cience, 2002, 10 (4) : [ 16 ] W alter L archer, ed. Zhai Z H, Guo Y H, M a Y Z, et a l. T ranslato ṙ P lant ecop hy siology. A griculture U niversity of Ch ina P ress, 2001.

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