Single Stage Amplifiers
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- Ἡρακλῆς Αλεξιάδης
- 6 χρόνια πριν
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1 CONTENTS Preface to Fourth Edition... (vii) Preface to Third Edition... (ix) Symbols...(xxiii) Brief History of Electronics...(xxvii) CHAPTER 1 Single Stage Amplifiers 1.1 Classification of Amplifiers Distortion in Amplifiers Analysis of CE, CC and CB Amplifiers Common Emitter Amplifier Input Resistance of the Amplifier Circuit (R i ) Output Resistance of an Amplifier Circuit (R o ) Current Gain (A i ) Voltage Gain (A V ) Power Gain (A P ) Common Base Amplifier Input Resistance (R i ) Output Resistance (R o ) Current Gain (A i ) Voltage Gain (A V ) Power Gain (A P ) Common Collector Amplifier Miller s Theorem Mathematical Proof of Miller s Theorem (xi)
2 (xii) Contents 1.5 Design of Single Stage Ampllifiers Input Impedance (Z i ) Voltage Gain (A v ) Output Admittance (Y o ) Voltage Gain (A vs ) considering Source Resistance (R s ) Current Gain (A IS ) considering Source Resistance (R s ) Power Gain (A P ) High Input Resistance Transistor Circuits Current Amplification For Darlington Pair Input Resistance (R i ) Voltage Gain (A v ) Output Resistance (R o ) R-C Coupled Amplifier Circuit (Single Stage) Effect of Coupling Capacitor on Low Frequency Response Summary Objective Type Questions Essay Type Questions Answers of Objective Type Questions CHAPTER 2 Multistage Amplifiers 2.1 Multistage Amplifiers Methods of Inter Stage Coupling Resistance and Capacitance Coupled Amplifiers (RC Coupled) Transformer Coupled Amplifiers Direct Coupled (DC) Amplifiers Tuned Circuit Amplifiers Bandwidth of Amplifiers R-C Coupled Amplifier Circuit (Single Stage) Effect of Coupling Capacitor on Low Frequency Response Analysis of Cascaded RC Coupled BJT Amplifier n-stage Cascaded Amplifier Overall Voltage Gain Current Gain Power Gain... 72
3 Contents (xiii) Choice of Transistor in a Cascaded Amplifier Configuration Midband Frequency (F o ) Cascading Transistor Amplifiers The Two Stage Cascaded Amplifier Circuit Phase Response Gain-Bandwidth Product Emitter Bypass Capacitor Equivalent Circuits Decibel Miller s Theorem Mathematical Proof of Miller s Theorem Frequency Effects Lead Network Cut-off Frequency Half Power Point Stiff Coupling Amplifier Analysis Lag Networks Decibel Negative Decibel Decibel Voltage Gain Cascaded Stages Stiff Coupling High Input Resistance Transistor Circuits Current Amplification for Darlington Pair Input Resistance (R i ) Voltage Gain Output Resistance Disadvantages Boot Strapped Darlington Circuit AC Equivalent Circuit The Cascode Transistor Configuration Input Z (h 11 ) Short Circuit Current Gain (h 21 ) Output Conductance (h 22 ) Reverse Voltage Gain (h 12 )
4 (xiv) Contents 2.10 CE CC Amplifiers Two Stage RC Coupled JFET Amplifier (in Common Source CS Configuration) Difference Amplifier Circuit for Differential Amplifier Summary Objective Type Questions Essay Type Questions Answers of Objective Type Questions CHAPTER 3 BJT - Amplifiers, Frequency Response 3.1 Logarithmic Decibels Frequency Response Analysis at Low and High Frequencies Effect of Coupling and Bypass Capacitor Effect of Coupling Capacitor on Differnet Frequency Ranges Hybrid - π Common Emitter Transconductance Model Circuit Components Hybrid - π Parameter Values Hybrid - π Capacitances The Diffusion Capacitance Base Emitter Resistance (r b e ) Emitter Capacitance (C e ) Base Spread Resistance (r bb ) Current Gain with Resistance Load CE Short Circuit Current Gain Emitter Follower at High Frequencies Summary Objective Type Questions Essay Type Questions Answers to Objective Type Questions
5 Contents (xv) CHAPTER 4 MOS Amplifiers 4.1 Field Effect Transistor (FET) JFET n-channel JFET p-channel JFET FET Structure The ON Resistance r DS (ON) Pinch off Region Expression for Pinch off Voltage (V p ) FET Operation JFET Volt-Ampere Characteristics Transfer Characteristics of FET FET Biasing for Zero Drift Current FET Small Signal Model Drain Resistance or Output Resistance (r d ) FET Tree Enhancement Type MOSFET MOSFET Operation MOSFET Characteristics Drain Characteristic : I D Vs. V DS MOSFET Gate Protection Comparison of p-channel and n-channel MOSFETs Advantages of NMOS over PMOS The Depletion MOSFET Common Source Amplifier (C.S) Common Drain Amplifiers (C.D) Common Gate FET Amplifier Circuit (C.G) Comparison of FET and BJT Characteristics Summary Objective Type Questions Essay Type Questions Answers to Objective Type Questions
6 (xvi) Contents CHAPTER 5 Feedback Amplifiers 5.1 Feedback Amplifiers Classification of Amplifiers Voltage Amplifier Current Amplifier Transconductance Amplifier Transresistance Amplifier Feedback Concept Types of Feedback Effect of Negative Feedback on Transfer Gain Reduction in Gain Increase in Bandwidth Reduction in Distortion Feedback to Improve Sensitivity Frequency Distortion Band Width Sensitivity of Transistor Gain Reduction of Nonlinear Distortion Reduction of Noise Transfer Gain with Feedback Loop Gain Classifaction of Feedback Amplifiers Effect of Feedback on Input Resistance Input Resistance with Shunt Feedback Input Impedance with Series Feedback Effect of Negative Feedback on R o Voltage Series Feedback Current Shunt Feedback Analysis of Feedback Amplifiers Voltage Series Feedback Current Shunt Feedback Current Series Feedback
7 Contents (xvii) Current Series Feedback (Transconductance Amplifier) Voltage Shunt Feedback (Transresistance Amplifier) Summary Objective Type Questions Essay Type Questions Answers to Objective Type Questions CHAPTER 6 Oscillators 6.1 Oscillators Performance Measures of Oscillator Circuits Sinusoidal Oscillators Barkhausen Criterion R C Phase-Shift Oscillator (Using JFET) To Find the β of the RC Phase-Shift Network (JFET) Transistor RC Phase-Shift Oscillator A General Form of LC Oscillator Circuit Loop Gain For Hartley Oscillator For Colpitts Oscillator Wien Bridge Oscillator Expression for f of Wien Bridge Oscillator Thermistor Sensistor Amplitude Stabilization Applications Reasonant Circuit Oscillators Crystal Oscillators Frequency Stability Frequency of Oscillations for Parallel Resonance Circuit
8 (xviii) Contents MHz FET Crystal Oscillator Circuit Summary Objective Type Questions Essay Type Questions Answers to Objective Type Questions CHAPTER 7 Large Signal Amplifiers 7.1 Introduction Power Amplifier Class A Operation Class B Operation Class C Operation Signal Amplifiers Small Signal Amplifiers Large Signal Amplifiers Class A Power Amplifier Series FED Transformer Coupled Efficiency of Amplifier Circuits Maximum Value of Efficiency of Class A : Amplifier Transformer Coupled Amplifier Mid Frequency Range Voltage Gain Transformer Coupled Audio Amplifier Impedance Matching Maximum Power Output Efficiency Conversion Efficiency, η Maximum Value of η
9 Contents (xix) 7.6 Push Pull Amplifiers Class B Amplifiers Advantages of Class B Push Pull Circuit Amplifier Disadvantages of Class B Push Pull Circuit Amplifier Conversion Dissipation of Transistors in Class B Operation Graphical Construction for Class B Amplifier Distortion Complimentary Symmetry Circuits (Transformer Less Class B Power Amplifier) Phase Inverters Class D : Operation Class S : Operation Circuit Power Transistor Structure of Power Transistor Input Characteristics of Power Transistor Output Characteristics Heat Sinks Summary Objective Type Questions Essay Type Questions Answers to Objective Type Questions CHAPTER 8 Tuned Amplifiers 8.1 Introduction Applications Classification Single Tuned Amplifier Double Tuned Amplifier Stagger Tuned Amplifier
10 (xx) Contents 8.2 Single Tuned Capacitive Coupled Amplifier Tapped Single Tuned Capacitance Coupled Amplifier Equivalent Circuit on the Output Side of the I Stage Expression for Inductance for Maximum Power Transfer Single Tuned Transformer Coupled or Inductively Coupled Amplifier Expression for L 2 for Maximum Power Transformer Effect of Cascaded Single Tuned Amplifiers on Bandwidth CE Double Tuned Amplifier Advantages Circuit Equivalent Circuit Effect of Cascading Double Tuned Amplifiers on Bandwidth Applications of Tuned Amplifiers Stagger Tuning Single Tuned Transistor Amplifier Stability Considerations Tuned Class B and Class C Amplifiers Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Tuned Class B/C amplifier FET Tuned R.F Amplifier Waveforms Resonant Circuit Tank Circuits Mutual Inductance Coupled Output Resonant Circuit Equivalent Circuit Wideband Amplifiers Shunt Compensation Extension of Low Frequency Range Circuit for Extending Low Frequency Range Low Frequency Equivalent Circuit with Transistor Replaced by a Current Source Extension of High Frequency Range Series Peaked Circuit
11 Contents (xxi) 8.14 Impedance Transformation Transformation of Impedances with Tapped Resonant Circuits Reactance L Section for Impedance Transformation Image Impedances : Reactance Matching Reactance T Networks for Impedance Transformation Summary Objective Type Questions Essay Type Questions Answers to Objective Type Questions Appendices Appendix-1 Colour Codes for Electronic Components Appendix-2 Resistor and Capacitor Values Appendix-3 Capacitors Appendix-4 Inductors Appendix-5 Miscellaneous Appendix-6 Circuit Symbols Appendix-7 Unit Conversion Factors Appendix-8 American Wire Gauge Sizes and Metric Equivalents MCQs from Gate Examination, Yearwise from 1993 to Index Bibliography
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