ADVAN CE IN EA R TH SC IEN CES

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1 ADVAN CE IN EA R TH SC IEN CES V o l. 15 N o. 6 D ec., 2000 : Ξ,, (, ) (, ) : 90 : ; ; : P731123; P467 : A : (2000) ,, ; (H adley), ( ) (Ferrel) ;,,,, 90, 10%, 90%, 20,,,, 1, (AABW ) AABW,, : AABW, ;, Ξ : ( : ) ( : ) : (19692),,, : ; :

2 6 : : % 1, (NADW ), ;, NADW :, ; ; 1,, 70%, : ;, NADW, 30%,,, NADW,, 40 N,,, B roecker [ 1 ] Schm itz [ 2 ] 1 NADW 1, NADW, NADW 2, [1 ] 1 F ig 1 The great ocean conveyor logo [1 ]

3 1 ( : m gs),, Table 1 Com par ison of the veloc ity in the atm osphere, and the ocean : : : : B ryan K, , [ 3 ],,,,, 2a 2a, (, ),? :, 2b ;,,,, ;, 2b 2b, :,, ( ) ( ), (SST ), km ; 10 km, 2 (a) (b) ( W ebster, 1991) F ig12 Schematic diagram s of the in teractive zones of the ocean and the atm osphere (a) and the role of the therm ohaline c irculation in global climate system,

4 6 : : 657,,,,,, 2a, SST H adley ;,, EN SO,,,, PA GES CL IVA R, 50%,,, 50 N ( PA GES, ), ( IGBP) 10, IGBP, 1991,, 2010 [ 6 ] CL IVA R [ 7 ], 1996,, 2010 CL IVA R,,, CL IVA R 24 N, 1. 2 PW (1PW = W ) 2. 0 PW 3. 0 PW [ 4 ], PA GES,, CL IVA R 25%,, IGBP W CR P 1994, 6, 3,,, ;, 18 50, CL IVA R 20 50,, Stomm el [ 5 ], 90 :, (W CR P) PA GES 311 2a

5 , 20 50,, :, [ 19 ;, ],,, [ 20 ( ] ) ;, [ 9 ; ],, : ;, (1),,, 312, ;,, ( ), (2) ;,,,,, 4,,, :, [ 8 ], :, (1),, CGCM [ ] : ; (O GCM ) (CGCM ), O GCM (2), (3) O GCM CGCM,,, O GCM, NADW ; CGCM, [ 17 ],,, ka BP,W eaver [ 21 ],,,,, N CA R gcsm,,, CGCM, [ 18 ] [ 22 ]

6 6 : : 659 (CM IP) 15 (4), LA SG [ 8 ],, 1 (GOAL S) [ 23, 24 (NAO ) ] [ 9 ],, 1, NAO,, H u rrel [ 25 ], NAO 34% NAO NAO NAO, 5 co re reco rds[j ]. N ature, 1979, 280: , CL IVA R [1 ] B roecker W S. T he great ocean conveyo r [J ]. O ceanography, 1991, 4 (2) : [ 2 ] Schm itz J r W J. O n the interbasin2scale thermohaline circulation[j ]. Review s of Geophysics, 1995, 33 (2) : [ 3 ] N iiler P P. T he ocean circulation[a ]. In: T renberth K E, ed. C lim ate System M odeling [ C ]. N ew Yo rk: Cam bridge U niveristy P ress, [ 4 ] B ryden H L. O cean heat transpo rt acro ss 24 N latitude [A ]. In: M cbean G A, H antel M, eds. Geophysical M onograph 75, Interactions betw een Global C lim ate Subsystem s. [ C ]. Am erican Geophysical U nion, [ 5 ] Stomm el H. A survey of ocean current theo ry [J ]. D eep Sea Res, 1958, 4: [ 6 ] T he PA GESgCL IVA R Intersection. P roviding the Paleoclim atic Perspective N eeded to U nderstand C lim ate V ariability and P redictability, Repo rt of a jo int IGBPg W CRP W o rk shop, Co2o rganized and edited by D up lessy J C and J O verpeck, V enice, Italy, [ 7 ] CL IVA R Science P lan. W o rld C lim ate Research P rogram (W CRP289) [R ] [J ]., 1999, 10 (1) : [J ]., 1998, 13 (4) : [ 10 ] Roemm ich D, W unsch C. A pparent changes in the clim ate state of the deep N o rth A tlantic ocean [J ]. N ature, 1984, 307: [ 11 ] Sch lo sser P, Bonisch G, Rhein M, et al. Reduction of deep w ater fo rm ation in the Greenland sea during the 1980s: Evidence from tracer data [J ] Science, 1991, 251: [ 12 ] D up lessy J C, L abeyie L D, A rno ld M, et al. N o rth A tlantic sea2surface salinity and abrup t clim ate change [J ]. 1992, 358: N ature, [ 13 ] W oh lleben T M H, W eaver A J. Interdecadal clim ate vari ability in the subpo lar N o rth A tlantic[j ]. C lim ate D ynam ics, 1995, 11: [ 14 ] L evitus S, A ntonov J. O bservational evidence of interannual to decadal2scale variability of the subsurface temperature2 salinity structure of the wo rld ocean [ J ]. 1995, 31: C lim ate Change, [ 15 ] H iblerw D, Johnsen S J. T he 202year cycle in Greenland ice [ 16 ] Groo tes P M. Ice co res as arch ives of decadal to century scale clim ate variability [ A ]. N atural C lim ate V ariability on D ecade2to2century T im e Scales [ C ]. N ational Research Council, [ 17 ] B roecker W S, Peteet D M, R ind D. Does the ocean2 atmo sphere system have mo re than one stable mode of operation? [J ]1 N ature, 1985, 315 (2) : [ 18 ] D ansgaard W, W h ite J W C, Johnsen S J. T he abrup t term ination of the younger dryas clim ate event[j ]. N ature, 1989, 339: [ 19 ] B roecker W S. W hat drives glacial cycles? [J ] 1 Scientific Am 2 erican, 1990, 262: [ 20 ] M anabe S, Stouffer R J. M ultip le2century response of a coup led ocean2atmo sphere model to an increase in atmo spheric carbon dioxide[j ]. J C lim ate, 1995, 7: [ 21 ] W eaver A J, H ughes T M C. O n the incompatibility of ocean and atmo sphere models and the need fo r flux adjustm ents [J ]. C lim D yn, 1996, 12: [22 ] Boville B A, Gent P R. T he N CA R clim ate system model, V ersion O ne[j ]. J C lim ate, 1998, 11: [ 23 ]. [D ] [ 24 ],,. [J ]., 2000, 45 (4) : [ 25 ] H urrell J W. Influence of variations in extrop ical w intertim e

7 teleconnections on N o rthern H em isphere temperature [ J ]. Geophys Res L ett, 1996, 23: [ 26 ] B ryan K. A ccelerating the convergence to equilibrium of ocean2clim ate models[j ]. J Phys O ceanogr, 1984, 14: [27 ] W ebster P J. T he ro le of hydro logical p rocesses in ocean2 atmo sphere interactions[j ]. Review s of Geophysics, 1994, 32 (4) : COMM ENTS ON THE ROL E OF THERMOHAL INE C IRCULATION IN GLOBAL CL IM ATE SY STEM ZHOU T ian2jun,w AN G Shao2w u, ZHAN G Xue2hong ( L A S G, Institu te of A tm osp heric P hy sics, Ch inese A cad em y of S ciences, B eij ing , Ch ina) ( Geop hy sics D ep a rtm en t of P ek ing U n iversity, B eij ing , Ch ina) Abstract: T he activity of the great ocean conveyo r, i. e. the therm ohaline circu lation, and its link to clim ate variab ility, is a new p rob lem no ticed by in ternational scien tific comm un ity since the late of 1990ṡ T he ob jective of th is paper is to p rovide a summ ary of the conveyo r s operation in global clim ate system. Bo th the concep tual diagram dep icting the conveyo r belt and the im po rtan t ro le of it in the clim ate system have been addressed. O u r cu rren t research statu s, together w ith the fu tu re research em phases designated by in ternational scien tific p lan s, is summ arized. Em phasis has been put on the revelation of the ro le of the therm ohaline circu lation in global clim ate system. Key words: T herm ohaline circu lation; Global clim ate system ; C lim ate variab ility1