Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transcript

1 JOU RNAL O F OCEAN UN IV ERS IT Y O F CH INA 34 (1) : Jan., 2004 Ξ 1, 2 3, (1., ; 2., ; 3., ) :, : 2 2 : ; ; : P : A : (2004) (W eddell Sea) 10 6 km km 2, (W eddell Po lynya), 1, km 2 [1 ] [2 ],, [324 ] [5 ] [5 ] , 200m 0. 5, m [6 ] ,, F ig. 1 Passive2m icrow ave satellite im age of W eddell Sea Po lynya during A ugust 1994 Ξ : ( ) ; (2001D IA 50040) : ; : : (19722),, E2m ail: gpgao@ouc. edu. cn

2 , 1964 H eap [7 ], 1972 [1, 829 ] 20 70, [10 ], 2 [2 ] : ( ) ;, [2 ] , ; ;, Park inson [11 ] 2, 1974 Park inson, 2 [12 ] ( ER S21 ),, ;, T imm erm ann [13 ] ,, Ekm an, W eddell,,,,,, Glow ienka2h ense [14 ],D are [15 ],, 1. 2,,

3 1, : 3 [1, 9 (W eddell Gyre) ], 2,M artinson [16 ],,, 1Sv (1Sv= 1 Sverdrup= 10 6 m 3 gs, ), Go rdon [3 ] Sv,M artinson [17 ] ,M o to i [18 ],, 1974, 0. 4m ga,, M artinson [19 ] 1m, 10m [20 ] Go rdon [21 ] 2,,,,M oo re [22 ] , (M aud R ise) (5 000m ), 100km, Go rdon [23 ] 1 2, Bagriantsev [24 ] Go rdon [25 ] (w arm deep w ater) 1974 Com iso [26227 ] 1

4 , m 100m km 150km ; [10, 1 ] O u [28 ] 2 (ventilation), A lverson [29 ], Ho lland [30231 ] 2, ( ),, ( transient po lynya) ;,,,, 1 2, 1,,, 2 2 :,! : [ 1 ] Carsey F. M icrow ave observations of the W eddell Po lynya [J ]. M onth ly W eather Review, 1980, 108: [ 2 ] Sm ith S, M eunch R, Pease C H. Po lynyas and leads: an overview of physical p rocess and environm ent [J ]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1990, 95: [ 3 ] Go rdon A L. W eddell deep w ater variability [J ]. Journal of M arine Research, 1982, 40: [ 4 ],. [J ]., 1993, 5 (3) : [ 5 ] Co les V J, M ccartneym S, O lson D B, et al. Changes in A ntarctic bo ttom w ater p roperties in the w estern South A tlantic in the late 1980s [J ]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996, 101:

5 1, : 5 [ 6 ] Go rdon A L. Special and tempo ral variability w ith in the south O cean. Sabarbage D, Ed. A ntarctic O cean and Resources V ariability [C ]. H eidelberg: Sp ringer2v erlag, [ 7 ] H eap J A. Pack ice. P riestley R ed. A ntarctic Research [C ]. L ondon: Butter W o rth s, [ 8 ] Streten N A. Satellite observation of the summ er decay of the A ntarctic Sea2ice [J ]. A rch M eteo r Geophys B iok2 lim, 1973, A 22: [ 9 ] Zw ally H J, Gloerson P. Passive m icrow ave im ages of the po lar regions and research app lications [J ]. Po lar Reco rd, 1977, 18: [ 10 ] M cphee M G, Coautho rs. T he antarctic zone flux experim ent [J ]. Bulletin Am erican M eteo ro logy Society, 1996, 77: [ 11 ] Park inson C L. O n the developm ent and cause of the W eddell Po lynya in asea2ice sim ulation [J ]. Journal of Physical O ceanography, 1983, 13: [ 12 ],,,. [J ]., 1995, 25 ( ) : [ 13 ] T imm erm ann R, L em ke P, Ko ttm eier C. Fo rm ation and m aintenance of a po lynya in thew eddell Sea [J ]. Jour2 nal of Physical O ceanography, 1999, 29: [ 14 ] Glow ienka2h ense E R. GCM response to an A ntarctic po lynya [J ]. Contributions to A tmo spheric Physics, 1995, 68: [ 15 ] D are R A, A tk inson B W. N um erical modeling of atmo spheric response to po lynyas in the Southern O cean sea ice zone[j ]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1999, 104: [ 16 ] M artinson D G, Killwo rth P D, Go rdon A L. A convective model fo r the W eddell Po lynya [J ]. Journal of Physical O ceanography, 1981, 11: [ 17 ] M artinson D G. Evo lution of the Southern O cean w inter m ixed layer and sea ice: open ocean deepw ater fo rm a2 tion and ventilation [J ]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1990, 95: [ 18 ] M o to i T, O no N, W akatsuch im. M echanism fo r the fo rm ation of the W eddell Po lynya in 1974 [J ]. Journal of Physical O ceanography, 1987, 17: [ 19 ] M artinson D G, Iannuzzi R A. A ntarctic ocean2ice interaction: imp lications from ocean bulk p roperty distribu2 tions in the W eddell Gyre. Jeffries M O, Ed. A ntarctic Sea Ice: Physical P rocesses, Interactions and V ari2 ability [C ]. W ashington D C: Am erican Geophysical U nion, [ 20 ] Ho lland D M. O n the param eterization of basal heat flux fo r sea2ice modeling [J ]. Geophysica, 1998, 34: [ 21 ] Go rdon A L. T he Southern O cean2its invo lvem ent in global change. W eller G Ed. Ro le of the Po lar Regions in Global Change [C ]. Fairbanks: U niversity of A laska, [ 22 ] M oo re G W K, A lverson K, Renfrew IA. A reconstruction of the air2sea interaction associated w ith the W ed2 dell Po lynya [J ]. Journal of Physical O ceanography, 2002, 32: [ 23 ] Go rdon A L. D eep A ntarctic convection w est of M aud R ise [J ]. Journal of Physical O ceanography, 1978, 8: [ 24 ] Bagriantsev N V, Go rdon A L, H uber B A. W eddell Gyre: temperature m axim um stratum [J ]. Journal of Geo2 physical Research2O ceans, 1989, 94: [ 25 ] Go rdon A L, H uber B A. Southern O cean w inter m ixed layer [J ]. Journal of Geophysical Research O ceans, 1990, 95: [ 26 ] Com iso J C, Go rdon A L. Recurring po lynya over the Co smonaut Sea and M aud R ise [J ]. Journal of Geophysi2 cal Research, 1987, 92: [ 27 ] Com iso J C, Go rdon A L. Co smonaut po lynya in the Southern O cean: structure and variability [J ]. Journal of Geophysical Research2O ceans, 1996, 101: [ 28 ] O u H W. Som e effects of a seamount on oceanic flow s [J ]. Journal of Physical O ceanography, 1991, 21: [ 29 ] A lverson K, Ow ens W B. Topograph ic p reconditioning of open2ocean deep convection [J ]. Journal of Physical

6 O ceanography, 1996, 26: [ 30 ] Ho lland D M. Exp laining the W eddell Po lynya2a large ocean eddy shad at M aud R ise [J ]. Science, 2001, 292: [ 31 ] Ho lland D M. T ransient sea2ice po lynya fo rced by oceanic flow variability [J ]. P rogress in O ceanography, 2001, 48: A dva nce s in S tud ie s on M e cha nism of the W e dde ll P o lynya Fo rm a tion GAO Guo2p ing 1, 2, DON G Zhao2qian 3 (1. Co llege of O ceanography Environm ent, O cean U niversity of Ch ina, Q ingdao , Ch ina; 2. Key L ab of M arine Science and N um ericalm odeling, SOA, Q ingdao , Ch ina; 3. Po lar R esearch Insti2 tute of Ch ina, Shanghai , Ch ina) Abs tra c t: O ccu rrence ofw eddell Po lynya influences A n tarctic Bo ttom W ater fo rm ation and m ay be one of the m ajo r sou rces of clim ate variab ility on the decadal to cen tenn ial tim e scaleṡ In th is circum stance, thew eddell Po lynya becam e a new focu s of the Sou th2 ern O cean research in the last decade. T he recen t advances in the studies on the W eddell Po lynya, including the m echan ism fo r its fo rm ation and its affection on atm o sphere and ocean, w ere review ed in th is papeṙ T he un so lved p rob lem s in the p reviou s research w o rk and po ssib le advances in the fu tu re studies w ere also comm en ted. T he dynam ic, therm al and therm odynam ic aspects abou t the occu rrence and m ain tenance of W eddell Po lynya are likely ingredien tṡ Fo r fu lly understanding the in itiation and m ain tenance of W eddell Po lynya, the atm o sphere2sea ice2ocean in teraction in large scale shou ld be con2 sidered. Ke y w o rds: A n tarctic; W eddell Po lynya; fo rm ation m echan ism