V o l. 53, N o. 4 July, 1998 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA ; ; ; ; Ξ, (Suppo rted by N ational N atural Science Foundation of Ch ina)

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1 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA V o l. 53, N o. 4 July, 1998 Ξ (, ) (, ) K1,, 2,,, 1,, km 2, 780 m, 800 m km 2, 20 mm, mm, 1016, , 1-915, N E [1 ],,,, 70, [2 ], ; ; ; ; 2 K 1, 90 15, m, 92, 16 ( 1) K 1, 217 m, 1 7,, m, 8 17, Ξ, (Suppo rted by N ational N atural Science Foundation of Ch ina) : ; :

2 4 : m, 18 72,, ; 34 m, 73 92,, 15 K 1 100, 1 0 m 7016 m,, 30 80, 5 (M ank inen, 1979) [3 ], : 7016 m, B gm 7016 m m,,, ,, 7615 m 8315 m 9715 m m,,, abp abp, K 1,, abp, K m 14 C abp, 14 C, : 217 m ( 1) 6612 m, m, 3 K 1 82,, 45,, , 31 51, 15 ( 2), 14 C : 1 4, 5 10, 11 14, 15, 3 1 (9514 m m ),,,,,, 2 (7414 m 9514 m ),, 718% 4719%, 2615%, (P icea) 414% 2419%, 1316%, (P inus) 0 813%, 312%, (B etu la) 0 716%, 313%, (U lm us) 112% 519%, 3%, (A bies) (S a lix ) (P op u lus) (A lnus) (Ca rp inus) (J ug lans) (Ca ry a) (Q uercus) (E laeag nus) (T ilia) (T sug a ) (P od oca rp us) 5211% 9212%, 7315%, (A rtem isia) 513% 2414%, 1419%, ( Gram ineae) 214% 811%, 418%, (R anuncalaceae) 219% 1217%, 516%, (N itra ria) %, 518%, (A ster) 0 619%, 217%, (Compo sitae) (Pap ilionaceae) (T am a rix ) (Ca llig onum ) (Zy g op hy llum ) (Cyperaceae) (Typ ha) %, 415%,, 14 C 14 C

3 F ig. 1 K1 1 T he co lum nar section of K1 Bo ring in L uobu L ake R egion (Spargan iaceae) 0 913%, 211%, 0 511%, 111% 2,,,,,, ;, ;, 1113% 44%, 3415%,, ;, 3 (6913 m 7417 m ),,,, 4 (6611m 6913 m ),, 1014% 32%, 2218%, (811% 2613%, 1913% ), 68% 8916%, 7712%, ( 1115% ) ( 516% ) ( 813% ) ( Chenopodiaceae ) ( 1013% ) (Ep hed ra) ( 1116% ) ( 411% ), 618% 1617%, 1113%, (P lan tag o) (C ruciferae) 2,,,, 2 5 (52 m 6611 m ),, 10%, 26%, 18% 15% 8%,,,,, 2 6 (4512 m 5211 m ),, 1314% 22%,

4 4 : K1 F ig12 Po llen diagrarn in bo reho le K1 1815%, ( 914% 1419%, 1217% ) ( 117% ) ( 111% ), 78% 8615%, 8115%, ( 1319% ) ( 1015% ) ( 1011% ) ( 515% ) ( 411% ) ( 1012% ), (Ca rag ana),, 2315%,, 7 (4114 m 4512 m ),, 8 (3418 m 4114 m ),, 1613% 2218%, 1913%, ( 1317% ), ( 1117% ) ( 1312% ) ( 1811% ) ( 610% ) ( 512% ) ( 810% ), 6,,, 9 (2812 m 3418 m ),, 5%,,, 41%, 30%, 8%, 6%,, 10 (1513 m 2812 m ),, 417% 1719%, 1215%, ( 616% ) ( 115% ) ( 018% ) ( 112% ), 8211% 9511%, 8715%, 1519%, 1115%, 412%, 1714%, 419%, 718%, 617%, 217%, 212%, (R eaum u ria ) 311%, (L ab iatae ) (T ha lictrum ) (L iliaceae) (Um belliferae)

5 336 53,,, 1418% 1012%, 11 (810 m 1513 m ),, 8, 811%, 513%, 211%, 9119%,, 3012%, 1316%, 18%, 517%, 819%,,,,, 19, 1712%,, 12 (7105 m 810 m ),, 9515%,, 415%, 2,, 2216%,, 14 C abp,,, 13 (515 m 7105 m ),, 98%,, 35%, 17%, 32%,, 14 (217 m 515 m ),, 315% 1012%, 615%, ( 319% ) ( 119% ),, 8912% 9615%, 9315%, ( 1313% ) ( 2511% ) ( 712% ) ( 1119% ) ( 1113% ) ( 117% ) ( 117% ) ( 617% ), (A lhag i),, 2713%,,, 15 (0 m 217 m ),, 715%, ( 618% ), 9215%, ( 2512% ) ( 2218% ) ( 1111% ) ( 913% ) ( 612% ) ( 615% ), 4 411,,,,, [4 ], K , 2,,,,,,,,

6 4 : 337, [5 ],,,,,, (113 ),,,, 2,,,, 412, 18 m 24 m, 26 m 44 m, 68 m ( 1) Ca + 2 SO - 2 4,,, 2 (5 ) (6 ) (7 ) (8 ) (9 ) (10 ), , ; ,,,,, 413, K 1,,,, (11 ) (12 ) (13 ) (14 ),,,, 14 C, 1115 m abp, 515 m abp, 013 mm ga m, abp; m, abp; m, abp, 6 11 (14 ),,,,,,, 80%,, 315 m, 250 ggl 14 C, 2 (0175 m ) abp,, 3615% 1816% 1114% 514%,,, [6 ] 414,, 6 [7 ],, K 1,,, K 1

7 338 53,,,,,,,,,, 5 [2 ] K 1, 1,, K 1,,, 10%, 6%, [8, 9 ],,,, 15%, 20%,, ( ) 40%,,,,, (References) 1 L i J iangfeng, X ia Xuncheng. T he clim atic characteristics of the L op N ur region. In X ia Xuncheng et al (ed). T he Scientific Exp lo ration and Research on the L op N uṙ Beijing Science P ress, ( In Ch inese) [,...., ] 2 Shen Guanm ian. Compo sition and distribution of flo ra. In X ia Xuncheng et al (ed). T he Scientific Exp lo ration and Research on the L op N ur Region. Beijing Science P ress, ( In Ch inese) [...., ] 3 M ank inen E A, D alrymp le G B. Revised geom agnetic po larity tim e scale fo r the interval 0 5 m. y. B. P. J ou rnal Geo2 p hy sics R esea rch, 1979, W ang Shuji, Yan Shun. Cenozo ic evo lution of geograph ical environm ent in no rth and south sides of the T ianshan M ountainṡ A cta Geog rap h ica S in ica, 1987, 42 (3) , 1987, 42 (3) ] ( In Ch inese) [,. 5 Yan Shun, Xu Yingqin. A nalysis of po llen from 2 drill ho les in T ak lim akan desert of X injiang. X inj iang Geology, 1990, 8 (4) ( In Ch inese) [,.., 1990, 8 (4) ] 6 Yan Fuhua, Ye Yongying. cance. S eism ology and Geology, 1983, 5 (4) , 1983, 5 (4) ] 7 Co llegium A gricultural A ug. - 1 X injiangese. T he spo ro2po llen assem blage in the luo 4 drilling of lop lake in X injiang and its signifi2 ( In Ch inese) [,. 4 # C laves p lantarum X injiangensium. U rum qi X injiang Peop les P ress, ( In Ch inese) [.., ] 8 L iw enyi, Yao Zuju. A study on the quantitative relationsh ip betw een p inus po llen in surface samp le and p inus regeta2 tion. A cta B otan ica S in ica, 1990, 32 (12) , 1990, 32 (12) ] ( In Ch inese) [,. 9 Yan Shun. T he discussion on the po llen of p ine fam ily in the surface so ils in X injang. A rid L and Geog rap hy, 1993, 16 (3) 1 9. ( In Ch inese) [.., 1993, 16 (3) 1 9. ]

8 4 : 339 QUATERNARY ENV IRONM ENTAL EVOL UT ION OF THE LOP NUR REGION, CH INA Yan Shun M u Guijin Xu Yingqin (T he X inj iang Institu te of Geog rap hy, Ch inese A cad emy of S ciences, U rum qi ) Zhao Zhenhong (T he 2nd G roup of H y d rog eology, X inj iang B u reau of Geology and M inerology, Changj i ) Key words L op nur R egion, Q uaternary, po llen, environm ent Abstract T he L op N ur dep ression is at the east m argin of the T arim Basin. and the conflux center of the basin, covers about km 2. It is the low ermo st p lace T he low ermo st p lace is 780 m above sea level. T he bio2species in the region are lim ited and their quantity is rare. E specially the species are rap idly reduced after the lake dried up due to hum an activities in 1970 s. T he da2 ta from the field survey of 1980 and 1981 show 13 fam ilies, 26 geniuses and 36 species. T he bo ring site of K 1 locates at the m iddle of the dried up L op lake, at E and N. D ep th of the w ell is m. T he co re is to tally divided into 92 layers acco rding to natural sedim entation, and classified into 26 depo sitional cycles in term s of rhythm ic sedim entation from coarse to fine. In general, Ho locene series is about m thick, including the layers from N o. 1 to 7. T he surface is salt crust, and then m ainly clay underneath, upper P leistocene series is about m thick, including the layers from N o. 8 to 17, and m ainly compo sed of earthy yel2 low and earthy gray clay; m id2p leistocene series is abou t m th ick, including the layers from N o. 18 to 72. Its L ow er part is m ainly compo sed of earthy gray, dark gray and grayish green m udstone w ith thin beds of gyp sum, and upper part is m ainly the exchange of dark gray m uddy rocky gyp sum, m udstone w ith gyp sum. A t the top there is a buried w eathering crust. T he m id2p lesistocene series is unconfo rm able w ith an angle about 15 on the low er P leistocene. T he low er P leistocene series is about 34 m of visible thickness, including the layers from N o. 73 to 92, and m ainly compo sed of dark gray m udstone and earthy yellow m udstone. M any m uddy gyp sum beds and gyp sum m udstone beds are interbedded in the m iddle part. w ith an angle change from 15 to 5 top dow n. T he strata decline In Paleogene the bio2group w as carring very impo rtant characteristics of the tethys region, and the clim ate of the basin w as mo istly2w arm, and p roduced large co ruferous fo rest and broad leaf fo rest w ith som e bushes, herb and hydrophytes. sharp ly from M iocene to P liocene. T he clim ate of the T arim Basin changed T he broad and deciduous leaf fo rest reduced by m eans of ei2 ther species o r to tal quantity. and the ever green species extincted basically. T he coniferous fo r2 est decreased, but herb and bush p lants occup ied the region. A cco rding to the variety of species and quantity of po llen found, the w ho le p rofile is divided into 15 po llen zones (F ig. 1). T he zones from N o. 1 to 4 belong to early P leistocene, from N o. 5

9 to 10 belong to m id2p leistocene, from N o. 11 to 14 belong to later P leistocene, and N o. 15 be2 longs to Ho locene including 3 sub2zones. con iferou s2b road leaf fo rest and steppe. In the early P leistocene the po llen and spo re show T he trees com po sed of P icea, P inus, A bies, B etu la, U lm us, S alix and o ther including T ilia, J ug lans, Carp inus, A lnus, Cary a, etc. A bundant gyp2 sum m udstone and gyp sum beds appear in the m id2p leistocene strata of the K 1 co re. It imp lies that the lake w ater w as in high m ineral contents and rich of Ca 2+ and SO 2-4, and that the evapo2 ration capacity w as m uch higher than p recip itation, and stand fo r outstanding arid tim e. po llen assem blagres of the m id2p leistocene indicate that the vegetation in the vicinity of the lake had an alternative p rocess from desert2steppe type, then steppe, desert, steppe, desert to desert2steppe. It w as dom inated by sem iarid o r arid clim ate w ith clear alternation from arid to mo ist environm ent in the surrounding region of the lake. T he In the later P leistocene the lake w ater w as no t very deep, and surrounded by sw amp and peat lands. H ydrophyte w as abundant. M in2 eral contents of the lake w ater w ere no t very high. T he po llen assem blages show 2 circles of al2 ternation of the vegetation evo lu tion from desert to desert2steppe. U nder the dom ination of arid clim ate alternation of the clim ate w as rem arkable. In Ho locene series, sw amp s and peats w ere w ell developed around the lake. T he lake w ater w as in very high m ineral contents. T he depo sits contain very rich carbon and salt m aterials. T he crust at the top of the p rofile contains salt over 80%, w hich is the p roducts w hile the lake is dried up. T he m ineral contents of ground w ater above m deep is even as high as 250 ggl. the m id2ho locene depo sits, the po llen show s a type of desert vegetation, and does no t show the Op tim um environm ent as it does in the East China. In, 1949, 1970,

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