Changes in Activ ities of Three Enzym es A ssoc ia ted w ith Starch Syn thesis in R ice Gra in s dur ing Gra in F illing

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1 27 2 V o l. 27, N o A CTA A GRONOM ICA S IN ICA M ar., 2001 Ξ R. M. V isp eras 2 1 ( 1,, ; 2, ), 6 ( g ) AD PG (EC (EC Q 2 (EC ) 3 : ; AD PG 3 6d; Q 2 ( 3 12d), Q 2 g, : 3 Q 2 ;, ;, AD PG ; ; Q 2 ; Changes in Activ ities of Three Enzym es A ssoc ia ted w ith Starch Syn thesis in R ice Gra in s dur ing Gra in F illing YAN G J ian2chang 1 PEN G Shao2B ing 2 GU Sh i2l iang 1 R. M. V isperas 2 ZHU Q ing2sen 1 ( 1 K ey L ab of C rop Cu ltivation & P hy siology, M inistry of A g ricu ltu re, Y ang z hou U niversity, Y ang z hou, J iang su , Ch ina; 2 International R ice R esearch Institu te, P h ilipp ines) Abstract Six rice cu ltivars ( including 2 japon icagindica hyb rid com b ination s and 1 new p lan t type line ) w ere grow n in w ater cu ltu re in green hou sego r in po ts in screen hou se. T he activity changes in th ree enzym es of AD Pglu soce pyripho spho rylase (EC , Starch syn thase (EC and starch b ranch ing enzym e o r Q 2enzym e (EC ) in bo th of superio r and inferio r grain s and the relation sh ip to grain filling w ere exam ined. T he changes of th ree enzym e activities w ere associated w ith grain filling p rocesṡ T he tim e reach ing a m ax im um of starch syn thase activity w as a little earlier than o r synch ronou s w ith that of grain filling rate. M ax im um AD Pgluco se pyropho spho rylase activity appeared at 3 6d befo re the h ighest grain w eigh ṫ Q 2enzym e activity reached the m ax im um w hen grain w eigh t w as clo se to the h ighesṫ Each enzym e activity, in term s of the m ean of w ho le filling period, the m ean at early filling stage (3 12 days after flow ering), and the m ax im um, w ere sign ifican tly o r very sign ifican tly co rrelated w ith the m ean filling rate, m ax im um filling rate, Ξ ( ),, : , : Received on: , A ccep ted on

2 grain w eigh t and fertilized grain2filling percen tage. Q 2enzym e had the largest coefficien ts in the th ree enzym es, on the w ho le. T he enzym e activities in the grain s of japon icagindica hyb rid com b ination s w ere associated w ith their paren tṡ R egu lating sou rce2sink relation sh ip s o r nu trien t level in the p lan t by leaf2cu tting, sp ikelet2th inn ing o r n itrogen app lication at heading cou ld increase o r reduce the enzym e activities in grain s, especially in the inferio r at early filling stage. T he resu lts indicated that the th ree enzym es, especially Q 2enzym e, p lay an im po rtan t ro le in rice grain filling. It is po ssible to breed a variety o r a hybrid w ith good grain2 filling by u sing the paren ts w ith h igh activities of the enzym es in grain s, and to increase grain filling percentage and grain w eigh t by increase of the enzym e activities in grains at early filling stage. Key words AD Pgluco se pyropho spho rylase; Starch syn thase; Q 2enzym e; Grain filling 90% [ 1 ],, [ 2, 3 ] ( ), [ 4, 5 ],, AD PG (AD Pgluco se pyropho spho rylase, EC (Starch syn thase, EC Q 2 ( starch b ranch ing enzym e o r Q 2 [ 6 8 enzym e, EC ) ] N akam u ra T sai M atters 1 3, Q 2 [ 9 11 AD PG ], 3 ( ),,,, 6 ( g ) AD PG Q 2, ( ) IR 72 IR R ( P IR R ( P2), IR 72083A gir R ( JgIH IR 72083A gir R ( J gih 2), IR (, N PT ) (7 11 ) (14 11 N, E), : ( 0. 28m, 0. 93m, 2. 5m ) 0. 10m [ m, 1, 50 M ae ], 1 m o lgl HC l 1 m o lgl N aoh ph 5. 0,,, 1g4 : 0. 24m, m 0. 16m, M aahas (A ndaquep ti H ap laquo ll) 4 kg N P 2O 5 K 2O 2g 0. 36g 1. 2g, 25, 7 31, 3, 1 20

3 2 : , 1g, 16, 8 1g2, 8 1g ,, 21d 3d 24d 6d, 10 12, ( 1 2d ) ( 2d ), 30s, - 70,, 70, (30 50 ) 1. 5, R ichards [ 13 ] Q 2 AD PG ( ) [ 6 N akam u ra ] [ 14, ], : (% ) = g %, R ichards 1, Cultivars 1 (FGFP) (GW ) Table 1 Fertilized gra in-f illing percen tage (FGFP), gra in we ight (GW ) and some gra in-f illing parameters of test cultivars R 0 Fm ax Po tential (m g d - 1 grain - 1 ) (m g d - 1 grain - 1 ) Fm ean (d) D (d) Tm ax. f (d) FGFP (% ) GW (m g grain - 1 ) IR 72 S I JgIH 1 S I P1 S I JgIH 2 S I P2 S I N PT S I S: Superio r grains; I: Inferio r grains; R 0 : Initial grain filling po tential; Fm ax: M axim um grain filling rate; Fm ean: M ean grain filling rate; D: Grain filling duration; Tm ax f: T he tim e reach ing the m axim um filling rate; FGFP: Fertilized grain filling percentage (fertilized grain w eigh t full filled grain w eigh t 100% )

4 , 6 3 : (R 0 ) (Fm ax) (Fm ean) (D ),, IR 72, IgJH 1 P1; R 0 Fm ax Fm ean D,, Jg IH 2 P2; R 0 Fm ax Fm an,,, N PT 2. 2 Q 2 AD PG,,,, ( 3 12d) 3, (13 26d) (27 39d),, ( IR 72 JgIH 1 P,,,, g J gih 1 J gih 2, P1 3 P2, JgIH 1 J gih 2, 3,, ( 3 12d, 9 18d) ; AD PG, 3 6 ( 9 15d, 12 21d) ; Q 2, ( 12 18d, 15 27d), 1 3, Q 2 AD PG ( r ( r2) (r3) (r4) 2, ( 3 12d), ( 13 26d) ( 27 39d) Q 2 AD PG 3,, Q 2, AD PG, Q g2 1g2, 3,,, ( ),, IR 72 JgIH 2 N PT 3, IR 72,, J gih 2, N PT : IR 72 3 (1. 53sp ikeletsgcm 2 leafarea),

5 2 : F ig. 1 Changes in activities of three enzym es in the grains during grain filling V ertical bars rep resent standard erro rs (n= 4), ; J gih 2 (1. 67 sp ikeletsgcm 2 leaf area), 1g2,,, 1g2,, ; N PT (1. 61 sp ikeletsgcm 2 leafarea ),,

6 (r (r2) (r3) (r4) Table 2 Correlation coeff ic ien ts of the activ ities of the three enzymes in r ice gra in s with the max imum f illing rate (r, mean f illing rate (r2), f illed gra in we ight (r3) and fertilized gra in f illing percen tage (r4) Enzym e activity DA F r1 r2 r3 r4 Q Q 2enzym e (units m in - 1 grain - 1 ) M ean M axim um Starch synthase (nmo l m in - 1 grain - 1 ) M ean M axim um AD PG AD Pgluco se Pyropho spho rylase (nmo l m in - 1 grain - 1 ) M ean M axim um DA F: D ays after flow ering; Significance at level; 3 3 Significance at level , N PT 1g2, 3 ( 3), N PT,,,, Q 2 AD PG, 3 3 Q 2 AD PG,, ( ), 3 Q 2 AD PG 3 [ 15, 16, AD PG ], [ 17, 18 AD PG, ], 3, Q 2, Q 2 Α21, 6, Α2, AD PG, [ ],, Q 2, AD PG,,,

7 2 : Table 3 Effects of source- sink and n itrogen treatmen ts on the activ ities of three enzymes [SSase: starch syn thase; AD PGP: AD PG AD Pglucose pyrophosphorylase; Q- Q-enzyme. Values Cultivars expressed as un its m in - 1 gra in - 1 (Q-enzyme) and nmol m in - 1 gra in - 1 (SSase and AD PGP) ] T reatm ents Superio r grains Q 2enzym e SSase AD PGP GW (m g) PGFP (% ) IR 72 CK g2 1g2 leaf2cutting g2 1g2 sp ikelet2thinning N app lication JgIH 2 CK g2 1g2 leaf cutting g2 1g2 sp ikelet2thinning N app lication N PT CK Cultivars 1g2 1g2 leaf2cutting g2 1g2 sp ikelet2th inning N app lication T reatm ents Inferio r grains Q 2enzym e SSase AD PGP GW (m g) PGFP (% ) IR 72 CK g2 1g2 leaf2cutting g2 1g2 sp ikelet2th inning N app lication JgIH 2 CK g2 1g2 leaf2cutting g2 1g2 sp ikelet2th inning N app lication N PT CK g2 1g2 leaf2cutting g2 1g2 sp ikelet2th inning N app lication d 3 Each value of the activities of th ree enzym es rep resents the m ean of th ree determ inations at 3, 6 and 9 days after flow ering; PGFP: Fertilized grain2filling percentage; GW : Grain w eigh t (m g grain - 1 ) ; 3 V ery significant difference w ith the contro l Significant difference w ith the contro l; 3 3, ( ),,,, (, [ 22 ) ], : Q 2 AD PG ;,

8 ,, g Q 2 AD PG : (P, (J gih ;, (P2), (JgIH 2), 3 Q 2 AD PG, 3,, [ 23 ],, Q 2, 1 FAO. R ice in H um an N u trition. International R ice Research Institute. L o s N ano s, L aguna (Ph ilipp ines) A im i R, T M urakam i. B u ll N at Inst A g ri S ci, 1964, D 12: ,,,., 1998, 31 ( : M urata T, T Sugiyam a, T M inam ikaw a, et al. A rch B iochem B iop hy s, 1966, 113: P reiss J, C L evi. T he B iochem istry of P lants, V o l. 3, A cadem ic P ress, L ondon, 1980, N akam ura Y, K Yuk i, S Park, et al. 7 Baun L C, E P Palm iano, C M Perez, et al. 8 Perez C M, A A Perdon, A P Resurreccion, et al. 9 N akam ura Y, K Yuk i. 10 T sai C Y, F Salam ini, and O E N elson. 11 M atters G L, C D Boyeṙ 12 M ae T, K O h ira. P lant Cell P hy siol, 1989, 30: P lant S cience, 1992, 82: P lant P hy siol, 1970, 46: P lant P hy siol, 1975, 56: P lant P hy siol, 1970, 46: P hy tochem istry, 1981, 20: P lant Cell P hy siol, 1981, 22: ,,., 1988, 14 (3) : ,,., 1995, 16 (2) : D ick inson D B, J P reiss. A rch B iochem B iop hy s, 1969, 130: T urner J F. A ust J B io S ci, 1969, 22: Ish ii R. P roceed ing s of the 3rd A sian C rop S cience Conf erence. T aichung, T aiw an, 1998, Khush G S. P roceed ing s of the 3rd A sian C rop S cience Conf erence. T aichung, T aiw an, 1998, N akam ura Y, T T akeich i, K Kaw aguch i, et al. 20 Yam anouch i H, Y N akam ura. 21 Sm ith A M. P lanta, 1988, 175: P hy siol P lant, 1992, 84: P lant Cell P hy siol, 1992, 33 (7) : ,,,., 1998, 24 (6) : ,., 1987, 13 (4) :

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