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6 : # ( ) * ! 3 *- (u v w ) (u v w ) * - - ((u -u )(v -v )(w -w )) 0 3 U:V:W=(u -u ):(v -v ):(w -w ) + [UVW] : [ 0] + : <> # -+ (hkl) 7+ + : (hkl)! + 5

7 : {hkl} : ( 0) "" + / = 0 * [00] Z [0] [] [] [00] Y X [00] [0] * (00) (0) (00) () (00) (0) * 5 - d - - 6

8 (hkl) d = a/(h +k +l ) / () 3 ( + ) /4 ( 3) 3 7 ( 3 3 ' - () (00) (0) # * * :

9 + ( ) ! * * - ) () * ( ) N d n N d = S 8

10 n - ; S - -! !"# $%! * - - # ! * : + * # #&! "! &? (? 3 ( +? 5 +? 4 & + -+? 9

11 ' ( )* : * * 3 -+ n ( - V ) - j = env () * :: V = µe - µ - - * j = enµe 0 enµ = γ () - 0: j = γe () γ - -+ ρ = /γ - - ) - -# *! ( )! + 0

12 (ρ ) 3+ + # > θ D - : ρ = (/γ) =! T (3) ) - ρ ( ) -+ 0% (/3)θ D 5 # -+ 3 (θ D = ω max / k ) ( ) * ρ * * - : ρ = ρ + ρ (4) * - 5 ( - + ) + ρ (ρ > ρ ) # - ρ 3 5 : ρ = X A X B =X B ( X B ) (5)

13 X A X B - - ( ") * (-X B ) (5) - : ρ = X B # % ( ) : ρ = a + b( Z) (6) a b - ; Z ( - - α ρ : α ρ = ρ dρ dt (7) α ρ - - : ρ = ρ [+α ρ (T -T )] (8) ρ α ρ T ; ρ - - T (7) (8) α ρ - /T! α ρ 0004 ( - ( ) - -3 α ρ ) ρ 3 ρ * +

14 dρ dρ α ρ = = (9) ρ dt ρ + ρ dt ' α ρ - + (9) - : α ρ = + dρ ( ρ / ρ ) ρ dt + ρ / ρ α ρ (0) ρ 3 ρ * (0) α ρ - - α ρ * R(T) α R - : dr α R = R dt - -+ ρ(t) α l : α l = l - dl dt α ρ = α R + α l () ' α ρ >> α l α ρ α R 0 - +$ -$ $!"# $%! %$%$ "$#&!+ $!+! - () () -+ (3) (4) +! ;300 (5) 3

15 R 4 -! " * - (5) o C # * -! *

16 -3 - α R * R(T) = 0! α l - - #&! "! * - 3? & + -? 8? 3 ( + -?! 4 3 () * ? 5

17 () / : (770-83) - # 0 #$$ % <- + ( ) + # # (&'!) )#! (ε) + : ε T = T α ( T ) dt 7- - ( > ); α( )=dε/dt $$ &'! (#$$ &'! # ) - -3 α - ε = α( ) ( ε α )#! : ) 6

18 U + + α=du/dt ( + 6 ) )#! α -+ ( ) * - )#! - * + )#! α α - )#! α = α - α * )#! - - ( * ( )#! )#! )#!

19 kt * - )#! - -3 / α + - /(! -3 )#! : ) (60% Cu 40% Ni); ) - (56% Cu 44% Ni); 3) +- (95% Ni - - Al Si Mn); 4) - (90% Ni 0% Cr); 5) (90% Pt 0% Rh) - + : !; !; !; ! 7 )#! ( + ) ( ) # 3 )#! + ( ) - )#! )#! -+ a 8

20 )"$#&$ $& ' «$» () * (78) (90) - () 6 (0) - ( + # )#! ! - +- * )#! -+ - *

21 - + )#! * - * - )#! - )#! 0 )#! - )#! * )#! !- #&! "! ( 7? & )#!? 3 5 )#! 4 ( -+? 0

22 ( 0 () 0( ' 0( (( : - $ - - ( >T ) : ) ε (&'!) 7 )#! + - )#! + α: α=dε/dt () $$ &'! ( &'! # ) )#! + * - + : - + &'! # # # 3 - )#! :

23 N ln ln + c N + v nµ n pµ p k n p α = () e nµ n + pµ p k - 4 -; e - ; N c N v - - ; n p - ; µ n µ p - # + - (n>>p) -+ (n N d ) * () : α = k N c + ln (3) e Nd * p>>n N a () : k N v α = + ln (4) e Na () )#! -+ =( - )>0 T ε = α( ) T T dt (5) : - α( )=const ε =α (6) (3) (6) &'! # " # ( - + " &'! " ( &'!

24 3 )#! -3 3 )#! n=p=n i - (F=(E c -E v )/=E g /) () : k b α = ( + Eg / kt ) (7) e b + b=µ n /µ p E g - 3 &'! # '- )#! α /( : 3 5π kt E = F0 + 5 (8) F0 F F 0 5 (8) (kt 006 =300 () * - )#! (α -0 /() - -3 * - ( ) + - )#! #$$ % '- )#! (α ) α α α = α - α (9) : α α )#! - ) - - 3

25 )#! ( ) ( ) )#! - # (*# + 5-0% & - ) - 6 -!! : ) 6; ) ( ); 3) 6 -! s s s 3 & 4 + I U 3 I 4 U ρ & + - ρ I 4 U () - 4

26 r : U(r) =!/r (0) * r=0 + r r 0 S S S 3 ) - : 5 - ;V (! - r=r 0 : E ( r ) du dr ( r) C C = r = 0 r r () r r r = = r 0 j=i/(πr 0 ) 0 j=e/ρ E(r 0 )= Iρ/(πr 0 ) () * () () C=Iρ/π (0) - : U(r) = Iρ/(πr) (3) - 3 * ( - - U 3 ) 3 0

27 ( ) ( 4) () s s s 3-3 : U I4ρ ; I 4ρ = π s s + s3 U 3 = π s + s s3 * - I4ρ 3 3 U = U U + (4) π s s + s3 s + s s3 (4) - : π U 3 ρ = (5) + I4 s s + s s + s s 3 : : s =s =s 3 =s U 3 ρ = πs (6) I 4! 3 (6) - 6 ) ) - 3 (6) 5 - " ( ( w>>s) - U 3 ρ = πsf(l/s) (7) I 4 (7): f(l/s) (l) + (s) & f(l/s) 0 l 5s f(l/s) (7) (6) ' w : 6 3

28 U 3 ρ = πsg( w/ s) (8) I 4 7 g(w/s) : g (w/s) - g (w/s) * w>>s (6)! w/s 4 - ( 0<(w/s)<04) * + (ln) - w/s πw U 3 ρ = (9) I ln 4 - (9) w<04s ( p-n- ) # w/s>04 3 (9) - f(w/s) ( ): πw U 3 ρ = f ( w/ s) (0) I ln 4 7 (0) 3 * 3 w/s f (w/s) w/s> (8) (0) + l/s f (l/s) f (l/s) f 3 (l/s) f 4 (l/s)

29 f (l/s) - - ; f (l/s) - + ; f 3 (l/s) ; f 4 (l/s) - + w/s g (w/s) g (w/s) w/s g (w/s) g (w/s) w/s f (w/s) w/s f (w/s) w/s f (w/s) )"$#&$ $& *- )#! 3 # ( ) + (3) 7 ( ) ( -+ (4) (5) $- (6) ( -- ) * * - * )#! ( ) ( - ) - - 8

30 ( - ) _ ! ) - I )* V! ; # '-3 3 * ) - - * + - 9

31 )#! )#! * '- ρ I U R ! ρ : - + s δρ/ρ = 06( s/s) * - +! - () - -! : 5 w I 4 5 U 3 ρ 0 30

32 * * (7)- (0) 5 - * #&! "! ( )#!? 0 )#!? ( )#! -? 3 * - 4 ( )#!? ? 6 * * -? 8 ' 3 - ( 3? 3

33 / 0 (/ 0( ) : 3! "" # ( (σ ) (σ ) / -+ +! 3 (: g 5 3 ) + + ( ) + - E! - E * c - E c E g * 0 ( E v - 0 E v * +! - ( ) + ( ) 5 (n) (p) 0 n = p! θ n (E) θ p (E) - θn ( E) + θ p ( E) = - θ n (E) - -# * 3

34 θ p ( E) = = () E EF EF E exp( ) + exp( ) + kt kt ) - - θ p (E) θ n (E) - + F n (E) F p (E) : 4π * 3 / / EF E Fn ( E) = (mn ) E exp 3 h kt 4π * 3 / / E EF Fp ( E) = (m p ) E exp 3 h kt * * m - n m p F n (E) F p (E) * * - : : : V : V () + * * : V : * - - ) - - ( - ) - 3 / * * π πm kt E E m kt E E n = n F c p V F exp p = exp () h kt h kt () / 3 / * πmnkt = c - +: N h #$$ 3 / * πm pkt N V = - #$$ h * + - : E F * 3kT m p Ec + EV = ln + (3) 4 * m n (3) =0 ( -! 3

35 * * p m n m > 3 ( () n p: E E V Ec g n p = NcNV exp = NcNV exp (4) kt kt E - 3 g 7 (4) +# - ( ) * (4) * - n i =p i ( i " " intrinsic) (4) : Eg ni = pi = NcNV exp (5) kt * ( + ) : - + * + + ' * - = 0 ( ( ) * -3 * # # n-! * - 34

36 -3 E ) E c * E i c E E c d E E d g E g E i a E E v a E v E * v E * 0 0 v 7 () () + ( ) * -3 * 3 + ( ) + # p-! # + : - ( ) n- * *- + N d d ( ) + & ( () 0 - i : n = * N d E ) E c * 35

37 - () : i Ed EF Nd = Nd exp (6) kt * + () (6) Ec + Ed kt Nd EF = + ln (7) Nc =0 ( - (7) ( - - N c 3/ ) * N d >N c ln(n d /N c )>0 * 0 ( - - * ( 3 ) E a) ln n ) E c + Ed E c Ed 3 Eg Ev T /T i /Ts 3 - () () n- ( + ( - 3 ) () (6) nn i d = n = N d E Nc exp c E kt d = N d N c i E d exp kt /T (8) 36

38 i Ed = Ec Ed # ) - * & ( 3 ) ( s ) ' n=n d + - kt E d 0 E F =E d : () i Ed Ts = k ln( Nc / Nd ) ( * T i ( 3 3 ) ( 3 * (5) (3) + p- 0 n- * 3 -+ E ( ) +! - - σ + : σ = en µ + epµ n p 37

39 µ n µ p - # n- ( n >> p ) + p- ( p >> n ) e µ = * ν m ν - m* - + * + 3 $ µ $ ~ T 3 ( ) - 3 / N µ ~ / * i d a 38 i T N a d (4) : -+ - = µ µ + µ # * * ( ) (3) - () : - -+ d( ln σ) ) T -

40 lg µ 6 N i > N i ln σ 5 4 N i µ~ T -3/ N > N 3 N i µ ~ T 3/ lg T 3 /Ti /Ts N N /T 5 >T i ( ) 3 ( (5)) - 3 +$ -$ $!"# $%! # ! ( 6 ) 7 (s =s =s 3 =s) & 3 4 (I 4 ) 3 (U 3 ) : - 3+: U 3 ρ = πs (9) I4 * w (9) + + f(w/s): ( w ) U 3 ρ = πsf s I * - 3 )#! )#! 39

41 U ( 6 ) 3 ε R "" V 3 4 S S S 3 3 ε 3 6 C - 6 ) )#! ε ε 3 - )#! - * - -3 R ( : 3 U = (ε 3 -ε ) + U 3 (0)! I 4 )#! U 3 * + - U 3 = (ε 3 -ε ) -U 3 () (0) () U 3 U U 3 - (9) 7 U 3 (ε 3 -ε ) (0) () U 3 3+ U U 3 U 3 3 = U 3 U 3 - -!- 7 )

42 * 3 - " " -+ ( ) # -3 3 " 8 - : - «0»; «0»; 4 - «0»; +- 8 ; 5 - ( ) ! 3 4 A *- " 6 4

43 !"# $%! ' * *+- 8 " - «#» () 0 6! # )#! - )#! 3 )#! " + )#! )#! «4» 3 «7» )#! 47 * * )#! & -3-! + 8 ' )#! U 3 U 3 # - + : 9 / - )#! U 3 U 3 I ( /T U 3 ( - ρ 0 lnσ 4

44 9 * %$%$ 3-#&$ 34 * - - lnσ=f(/t) * ( )!- E g : ( lgσ=f(lgt) ) #&! "! (? & - -? ? & -? 4 ( - - -? 5 ( ? 43

45 ( 50 / 0 : * 3 ( ) $ $#$$ # $ * ( ) - ( 3) * + E c E - * 3 E v! 44 * ( hν E ) * ! g

46 + - ( ) # E c : : ( E v 3! + : + ; ) + * # * σ n p - : [( n + n) µ + ( p + p) ] σ = e 0 n 0 µ p () n 0 p 0 ( ) - 45

47 (σ) (σ 0 ) - (σ ): σ = σ σ0 = e ( nµ n + pµ p ) () ( n p -! - 6 : - dx J k 6 : dj = kj (3) dx - - kj # (- ) d n d p = = βkj (4) dt dt ( - β + #$$ ( ) ( ) - J - 0 β n p t : d n n = βkj (5) dt τ (5) -3 -! τ ( ) # n p 46

48 + * (5) n = p << p 0 ; n 0 << p 0 - t=0 - n = 0 t=0 t τ n = τβkj ( e ) (6) ' 3 n 0 (6) t : n 0 = τβkj (7) : n 0 t=0 + : 0e -t τ n = n (8) 3 (8) : (6) (8) 3 n $ (6) n 0 $ (8) n t 47 t

49 (6) (8) +$ -$ $!"# $%!! 4 - () - 5 () - -! + (3) 4 (4) ++ (5) (6) 5 7 U 9 r R "y" *- - ) + * - r + (7) U R (8) * - - u(t) - + (9) 5 - u(t) *- -3 r i c i : i U U = ; i = c R + r r R + r R : UR r u = ( ic i ) R = (9) ( R + r r)( R + r) 0 r (9): 48

50 ( R + r) + u( R + r) u r = (0) UR r σ 3: r = r r c = () σ σ + σ r σ = () r r r * () (0) r R << r : u σ = UR u - +!"# $%! * * (7) 5 * «Y» (=0) ) - 6 * ( ) «X» - + 5! «/» 49

51 %$%$ 3-#&$ 34 * + - «Y» ( 5) y ( n) y 0 y y y y k y= 0 t 0 t t t k t 5 ( - n (t) (8) (8) + ln( n/ n 0 ) t: n ln = t n0 τ τ - * - - n - - ln(y/y 0 ) = f(t) # k 5 t k y k : 50

52 k t k y k ln(y k /y 0 ) 0 k ln(y/y 0 )=f(t) * - - (7) - - J = /τ * - - τ = f (J) 3 -!- #&! "! ( +? # 3 0? & + 3 3? 6 * +? 7 - -? * 5

53 ( : - 3 * + # $ * $#$$ ( ): ) (hν E g ); - ( ); ) - - ( - ); + ; 3) ( 3) + 5 * (- ) 3 ( ) ( ) - 3 ( 3 ) 3-3 5

54 3 ' 3' ' ' E g 3' * ( - 3) ( 3 ) *- g τ - - : d n n = g () dt τ : 3: n = g τ e t τ () * t n = g τ (3) + σ = e nµ = egτµ (4) n n µ n - ) - + β(λ) + g τ β ( λ) = (5) N 53

55 N -3 ( ) 7 - β(λ) - -+ k(λ) ( ) 0- - ( hν E g (E g 3 ) # λ c h ν0 = h = E g (6) λ 0 $#$$ k(λ) β(λ) λ ( : 0 β(λ) - -3 λ ) hν >> E g + * ( 54 λ

56 ) - + +$ -$ $!"# $%! # I(λ) - - -!- - - "(λ ) : B c (7) λt 5 ( λ T ) = hc λ ε( λ T ) exp h * - λ - ε(λ ) - - ( ) + = ( (7)!: ["(λ )] - # [h]= # [c]= - [λ]= [T]=K ε(λ ) "(λ ) h ν = hc λ : N c (8) λt 4 ( λ T ) = hcλ ε( λ T ) exp ' ()

57 * - ( λ + : λ λ = l (9) l λ (9) l 3 ( λ ) - l λ * -! [λ] = [ l] = λ - l ( ) λ 6 F F ! () - 5 (F) () D (3) * ( l < ) λ + : πd λ N( λ T ) = N( λ T ) l h l (0) 4 F l ( ) λ 56

58 N(λ T) + (8); h = D I(λ) (6) -+ - ;300 (7)! - (8) % - -+ (4) (5) ! + - λ!"# $%! * * - ;300 5 ' - l l ( ) 7-7 ' - + ~ 500 *+ ; I(λ) λ = #

59 5 %$%$ 3-#&$ 34 - I(λ) - -! ( ) : T T = lg [ ε( λ T )] 0 () - - ε(λ 0 ) λ 0 = 650 # ε(λ ) ( λ # l ) λ * (0) (8) (0) - - λ : ( λ) ( λ ) I β ( λ) = () e N T I ( λ) ( ); ; N (λ T ) + + (0) : 58

60 λ λ ( ) λ = (; l = ; F = ; D = l ε(λ ) I(λ) I ( λ ) ± I N (λ T ) β ( λ) ± β - - I ( λ) β ( λ) 5 3 #&! "! ( +? (? 3 0? 4 &? # 6-59

61 ) : )#!/ - B I *- - - (B z ) - z () z z F y V E + E - x Ey V x E y F y x x! )#! / () () V ( - ) : + F ! + - : 60

62 F = e[v B] ()! - - : eλ V = µ = * E () m V µ- - - λ - m* - V - - * () () : e F = λ * [E B] (3) m V (3) - E B I B F - x 7 # $ # E 3 + * + : B z x ( ) ()#!) ε " # #$$ * ( x ) + )#! ε -&'! & )#!/ - + * ( ) + / : = e[v B] / : = [V B] 6

63 ' V = µ ε = b )#!/ B ε = µ Bb - - j j µ = ene y - S=bd j=i/(bd) : IB ε = (4) en d d - n - 0 =RH (5) en (4) - : IB ε = R H (6) d ( - R H #$$ * (6) / R H = en A / - / 8 / /= R H " //(ne) /(ne) + ( - r 6

64 -3 r>>λ * + m *V r = (7) eb - () (7) : µ"<< (8)!- - r <<λ ' - µ">> (9) : ) + I )#! / ) - 7 )#! - / : A R H = (0) en R H = ep A () (0) () n - / - Cd Zn ) * - R H - -3 * R H = A e pµ p nµ n ( pµ ) p + nµ n () 63

65 () R H (0) () + () n>>p n<<p n=p A µ p µ n R H = (3) en µ p + µ n ε " I d (6) - + / 7 R H + ( (0) ()) -+ - (γ = nµ) - - µ = γ R H /A (4) / R H - 3 γ * / - 3 ( / ) # / $ -$ $!"# $%!! 0 () - + () (3) + ()+) (I ) (4) I ) + (5) )#! / - (6) * )#! / 64

66 - (I ) -+ : l=30 b=6 d= ( + ) 6 V N 3 4 ma ma S 5!!"# $%! * - + )#! / )#!/ * ' )+ - () 5 ' - ) ) )+ - 7 ) )#! # # 65

67 - - + * )#! - - * * 3 - ) ) - %$%$ 3-#&$ 34 * - -! - - ε=f(b) - (4) )#! B= * - )#! - " + / - ε=f(b) (4) tgα=dε/db=r H I/d * / '-+ - -!- #&! "! / +? (+ + - /? 3 # )#!/ 4 * + - / * 3 - / 5 ( /? 6 * )#! / - 66

68 ) ( : # - ε : D = ε E = ε0 εr E 7- ε 0 ε r ε - + &- + * - + ( - ) &- - * # iωt -+ E + E 0 e - - j j : * j = j + j () 67

69 j = σe ; j 68 ( ε εe) dd d 0 = = () dt dt - ε ( ω) = ε ( ω) ε ( ω) ε i (3) D = ε 0 εe +: ε E ++ E ε E E π * - dd dt = ε0 ε iωe (4) - j ( ε iε ) E = ( σ + ε ε ω ) E + iε ε ωe σe + E0 iω 0 (5) = 0 - j = j + i j ) + ++ ( a r j a = σe + ωε0 ε E (6) + ++ j r δ j r = ωε0 ε E (7) ϕ j j a E ) ( ) ' ϕ ' δ + π - # : j a jr tg δ = ( ε - * *

70 ja ε tg δ = = (8) j ε r 7 tg δ + ( ) * ε tg δ (- ) w = j E = je cosϕ = j tg δ E = ωε ε tg δ E (9) a r * ) + tg δ tg δ ( ) () # $ $ 7 tg δ ( tg δ tg δ

71 ($ "# #4 "6$ $7$ -7#$ #+ "& # ε tg δ ( 3 (8)) # - (Q) W - P: Q = ωw / P ( L!) - + R * - Q = R L C ω L = = (0) R ω RC & - Q -+ (Q -) 0 +: (G); - 3 L! 0 + -! ; ( ) U! -+! 0 + : - 3 * U : 4- : 3-6 * - tg δ -+ -+! 70

72 +! + ωl=/ωc! L R C # G U U C r C x x 0 L R r # # - : Q ω C 3 = R () R * +! # -3- -!! +! =! () * + : P = U ω Cx tg δ (3) - tg = = ω r x C x (4) r x - * (3) : U ω r x C x P = (5) * -+ ( ) - 3! =! - P P = U ω r C x = (6) (5) (6) - 7

73 rx Cx C r = (7) # - + : Q = (8) ω ( r& + R ) C () (8) : (4) (7) Q = ω r + R C = ωr C + Q ( ) Q Q = ω r C = ω r C C = tgδ C C 0 - : C tgδ = (9) Cx Q Q Q -+ C x! Q - tg δ 7 C x () * - -+ S d C x d ε = (0) S ε 0 5 ε - "$ -$ "!"# $%! + : ( 4) 5 -+ % : 4-6 «!» 3 ( «L x» 3 x x x 7

74 % & 0 0 ' # " $ # ( % " " 4 -!"# $%! : * 30- * * +- 3 «L x» 4 + «MHz» Q * 3 «- pf» - C 7 C = Q = d C 0 Q C x =C -C tg δ ε 6 * +- 6 «!» -+ 73

75 Q C 8 * ( () (9) (0)) 0 5-3!- (* ) - #&! "! 5 ( - +? & +? ( -? 3 # - 4 * tg δ

76 : * ++ ( ) ! + : I I R - I T * + -+ ε = ε i ε -+ - : n* = n ik () 0 : ε* n* - + # : n = c / V () () - V

77 ( n) - () ( k) ( #$$ #) * I 0 * &- ( R 3+ I R + I 0 R = I R / I 0 (3) + #$$ # #$$ : T = IT / I 0 (4) ( : I T = I 0 exp( α x) (5) α #$$ (5) α - : - α ( k 3: α = 4πk / λ (6) λ - (5) : I 0 (5) - (-R)I * - R 3: 76

78 ( n ) + k R = (7) ( n + ) + k : - - : R = ( n ) ( n + ) (8) T = 4 n /( n + ) (9) α(λ) + R(λ) n * - -+ λ - λ= (n ) # -+ #$$ (ν ) 3: ( n ) ( ) ν = / n F n C n F nc - + λ F =47999 λ C =64385 ( (() - (') ' ( # -+ ν = / λ * ( 3 (8) (9)) 0 77

79 -3 : # - - * n n= ν= 54-5 ( ++ (8 8 ( (n=4584) 0 Na O CaO SiO * n = n n B O 3 Al O 3 BaO MgO ZnO Sb O 3 ($!"# $%! +$ -$ ' Specord UV VIS ) + (T) + *- ' -! () ) (ν ) 78

80 S S )* + 0 Specord UV VIS : 7 S #) + ( 3) 7* - (0 (! )' # ( ) * : = 0 00 % - -; = 0 0 %

81 $%! $ "8 Specord UV VIS «!-» +- + * % «4» «4» - - ( 000 ) ( =0) - 6 * (- «*») * - 7 ' ( = 00 %) # : = 00 % - 00 % «4» ( + 9 * «*» 5 3 «!» «!-» 80

82 !"# $%! 7- Specord UV VIS ' * - + λ min 50 % 3 * ( ) - - n 4 - R λ min n - #&! "! 5 (? 3 &? 4 0 8

83 5! 83-+ $! N A = = m u = m( C)/ = '- R= 834 # - ( k " =R/N A = # ( - = ( - * * * h = # = 44 = h π ) ε 0 = /! - = / 7 = ( = # µ 0 = 4π 0-7 $/ = $/ m 0 = µ = #/ 4 0 = ) + = # * kt 300 K:

84 ( =300 () * / 3 '- - 0 (α ρ α l 0-3 ( ( - * * > ( =05 = =0583 =038 * ! ! / < *: dρ α ρ = ρ dt - - ; dl α l = - 3 l dt =066 =

85 * * * Ge Si GaAs (! * ( ) * - / 3! ( ) % E g = 300 K 07 4! n i -3 = 300 K '- 0 = 300 K * - = 300 K: µ n µ ) -3 N C N V ) : 0m 03m 033m 056m 007m 050m ) - / ( /( ()

86 ! 0 A III B V ( =300 () * * / 3 % * 3 * - /( ) BN AlN GaN InN 3(); 4975() 386(); 576() 3540(); 5704() AlP GaP InP AlAs GaAs InAs AlSb GaSb InSb

87 ! 0 A II B VI ( =300 () * * 4 * - % * - /( ) 0 3 / 3 ZnS () CdS () 43(); 675() HgS(c) ZnSe(c) CdSe 430(); 70() HgSe ZnTe CdTe HgTe *:

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