Rating of discharge at monitoring station affected by backwater effects El Deim Station in the Blue Nile

Transcript

1 UPTEC-W13020 Examensarbete 30 hp Augusti 2013 Rating of discharge at monitoring station affected by backwater effects El Deim Station in the Blue Nile Mattis Hansson

2 ""

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epartment of Earth Sciences, Program for Air, Water and Landscape Sciences. *++%","&*($-./%$#01&2$,,"-34.(&567&89:;<=&>6&*??8@A@& B88C&5DE5:<;6<& "

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opyright Mattis Hansson and Department of Earth Sciences, Air, Water and Landscape Science, Uppsala University. Published digitally at the Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 2013 """

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bC'$6%/%,6%,6F//$/)?6'1/C.'$ &?.1/*),6F/ 73.'))'$6 =R17P</ /%% 6,7*)'1/ C/%%'$6%P$.'% C,6/1 <3./ 1'6*)%/%9 "O

7 E3.'))'$6 W+-Z CQ1.' =R1 C/),.'1,$<64'1,3.'$ ayga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cGZ #()2754)37O:&'*$.'1>/%'1'K*,C/)'$%%3%343<1/4&? O"

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

10 J+P+O" J+W" #2V&'/.2.$%4" "H0" J+[" &.4)1%"3$("(#4*)44#'$"4)223&8" "HH" M" *'$*1)4#'$4" "HJ" M+" (#4*73&6." $%"3%".1"(.#2"2'$#%'&#$6"4%3%#'$" "HJ" M++" M+0" 2.%7'('1'6#.4" %'" " (#4*73&6." 3%" 2'$#%'&#$6" 4%3%#'$4" 399.*%.(",8",3*5N3%.&" "HJ" O" &.9.&.$*.4" "HM" 3VV.$(#\" "H[" 3+"%3,1.4"9'&"(#4*73&6."&3%#$6"3%".1"(.#2"4%3%#'$" "H[" 3+0".])3%#'$4"9'&"&3%#$6"(#4*73&6."3%".1"(.#2"4%3%#'$" "J0" O"""

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d S/1F60 G^^^Z9 #4'1/%,3$ 3=./76 5*,)% %3 1'<*)/%' %&' =)3> /$. *%,),e'%&'>/%'16&3*).5'5/6'.3$1'),/5)',$=317/%,3$/53*%%&'41'6'$%/$.=*%*1' 41'.,;%'.=)3>6W[&/$63$0aYYf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aYYg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he study takes no consideration of the morphology upstream the Ethiopian border. Only the water from the Blue Nile entering from Ethiopia is included in the modelling, i.e. any inflow from small tributaries between El Deim and Roseires reservoir is neglected. G

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a` F7 $31%& 3= M&/1%3*7 /% %&' ;,%? 3= H%5/1/9:&'1'/1'3%&'1%1,5*%/1,'65*%%&';3$%1,5*%,3$=137%&'6'1,C'16,6$'<),<,5)' ;374/1'.%3%&'%3%/)=)3>3=%&'+,)'9:&'I&,%'+,)'&/6,%631,<,$/%\/F'O,;%31,/ /$.=)3>6%&13*<&V</$.//$.-3*%&-*./$5'=31''$%'1,$<-*./$9E36%3=%&'>/%'1,$%&'()*'+,)'5/6,$&/6,%663*1;',$%&'&,<&)/$.3=2%&,34,/W/%/$')'C/%,3$3= a0yyy@x0yyy7z9:&'1'=31',%,6%&';),7/%3)3<,;/)6,%*/%,3$,$2%&,34,/0$3%-*./$%&/% /==';%6 %&' =)3> %&' 736% W-*%;),==' d S/1F60 G^^^Z9 :&' 6&31% 1/,$ 4'1,3.0 ]*)? %3 #;%35'10<,C'6/&,<&/$.;3$;'$%1/%'.1*$3==,$%&'()*'+,)'>,%&7/D,7*7=)3>,$ H*<*6%@-'4%'75'19 :&' $''. =31./76 %3 6%31' >/%'1 =31,11,</%,3$ /$. 43>'1 <'$'1/%,3$.*1,$<.1?4'1,3.6,6%&'1'=31'&,<&W-*%;),=='dS/1F60G^^^Z9H6%&'()*' +,)'=)3>6,$.''4C/))'?6/$.;/$?3$6=137%&'&*7,./$.<1''$2%&,34,/$&,<&)/$.6.3>$%3%&')3>)/$.6%&''C/431/%,3$/$.%'74'1/%*1';&/$<';3$6,.'1/5)?9:&'/,1 %'74'1/%*1',$;1'/6'6=137G`@Gg [,$%&'&,<&)/$.6%3/7'/$./,)?%'74'1/%*1'3= XY [,$ %&' 63*%&'1$ -*./$9 :&,6 %'74'1/%*1',$;1'/6'6 %&' >/%'1 )366 %&13*<& 'C/431/%,3$ ;3$6,.'1/5)? W()3;F '% /)9 ayyhz9 :&' ()*' +,)' 5/6,$,$ %3%/) &/6 /$ /C'1/<' /$$*/) 1/,$=/)) 3= G0_YY 77 W-*%;),==' d S/1F0 G^^^Z >,%& 736% 3= %&' 41';,4,%/%,3$,$2%&,34,/9"$%&'-*./$4/1%3=%&'()*'+,)'5/6,$%&'41';,4,%/%,3$,6 7*;&)3>'1W()3;F'%/)0aYYhZ9?*,=34W:&'+,)'A,C'16?6%'7,$-*./$9:&'6%*.?6,%'02)8',70,6)3;/%'.3$%&'531.'15'%>''$ -*./$/$.2%&,34,/*46%1'/73=A36',1'6./79 a

13 ZXWXZ &-04*340/(5 :&' A36',1'6./7,6 )3;/%'. ``Y F7 63*%&'/6% 3= M&/1%3*7 WT,<*1' GZ9 "% >/6 '6%/5),6&'. 5? %&' -*./$'6' U3C'1$7'$% %3 7''% %&' <13>,$< $''. 3= >/%'1 =31 ')';%1,;,%? <'$'1/%,3$ /$.,11,</%,3$ W-*%;),==' d S/1F60 G^^^Z9 "% >/6 ;3$6%1*;%'.%3<'$'1/%'agYEI/$.&/C'/6%31/<';/4/;,%?3=X0GYYE7 X Wi/<3*50 aygaz9"$31.'1%37/f',%4366,5)'%3'd%'$.%&',11,</%,3$6?6%'76;3$$';%'.%3%&'./7 /$.,$;1'/6' %&' &?.1343>'1 <'$'1/%,3$ %&' 1'6'1C3,1 ;/4/;,%? &/. %3 5',$;1'/6'.9 :&'./7 >/6 %&'1'=31' &',<&%'$'. 5? %'$ 7'%'19 :&' $'>./7 >/6 ;374)'%'.,$)/%'aYGa9:&'A36',1'6./7,6/%%&'%,7'3=>1,%,$<%&')3$<'6%./7,$ %&'>31).0>,%&/1'/;&3=a`F79:&'1'6'1C3,1,$;1'/6'.0.*'%3%&'&',<&%'$,$<0%3/ 6%31/<';/4/;,%?3=h0fYYE7 X 9(?%&,6&',<&%'$,$<%&'4)/$,6%3,$%'$6,=?/<1,;*)%*1' 3C'1 G9h E&/ 3=,11,</%'. )/$.9 :&' &',<&%'$,$<,6 /)63 6*4436'. %3,$;1'/6' %&' &?.1343>'1413.*;%,3$5?_gEIWHT2-80aYGaZ9:&'$'>=*))6%31/<')'C')/$. )3>'1)'C')/%%&'1'6'1C3,1/1'f^X1'64';%,C')?fg`7/969)9WS,'%1/$<'),'%/)90aYGXZ9 ZXWX\ :;<4*55-+*)-3*+,0)()*-+ #$'3=%&'F'?73$,%31,$<6%/%,3$63=%&'+,)'02)8',70,6)3;/%'.;)36'%3%&'531.'1 3=2%&,34,/9H%%&,66%/%,3$%&'6%/==7'/6*1'66'.,7'$%%1/$6431%0.,6;&/1<'/$.>/%'1 )'C') WT,<*1' az9 :&' 6%/%,3$ >/6 73C'. =137 %&' A36',1'6 C,))/<' %3,%6 'D,6%,$< )3;/%,3$,$ G^_a >&'$ A36',1'6./7 >/6 *$.'1 ;3$6%1*;%,3$ W-*%;),==' d S/1F60 G^^^Z9E'/6*1'7'$%6=137%&'6%/%,3$/1';1*;,/)=3134'1/%,3$3=A36',1'6./7/$. =31=)33.=31';/6%,$</)3$<%&'()*'+,)'Wi/<3*50aYGaZ9('=31'%&'&',<&%'$,$<3= %&'./7 %&' 6%/%,3$ >/6 $3% /==';%'. 5? 5/;F>/%'1 '==';%6 =137 %&' 1'6'1C3,19 L3>'C'10 >,%& %&' $'>./7 /$. &,<&'1 1'6'1C3,1 )'C')6 %&' 5/;F>/%'1 '==';% >/6 'D4';%'.%3/==';%2)8',76%/%,3$WI,)63$0aYYgZ9E'/6*1'7'$%67/.',$aYYh5? 8"V/%T/77/F/WG`F7.3>$6%1'/73=2)8',7Z;3$=,17'.%&/%%&'1/%,$<;*1C'/% 2) 8',7 6%,)) >/6 ;311';% /$. %&/% %&' 2) 8',7 1,C'1 6,%',6 7314&3)3<,;/))? 6%/5)' WE3&/7'.0 aygyz9 -*%;),==' /$. S/1F WG^^^Z /)63.'6;1,5'. %&' 2) 8',7 6%/%,3$ /6 6%/5)'/$.6%/%'.%&/%1/%,$<6=137%&,66%/%,3$/1'1'),/5)'/$.41';,6'9?*,=34ZA,<&%5/$F%3>'13=%&';/5)'>/?/%2)8',76%/%,3$9WI,)63$0aYYgZ X

14 ZXWX] %24>*;46(0*+*+*)*()*A4 "$G^`^/$/<1''7'$%/53*%%&'+,)'>/%'11'63*1;'.,6%1,5*%,3$>/67/.'92<?4%>/6 /))3%%'.``9`/$.-*./$Gg9f5,)),3$7 X >/%'14'1?'/10>&,)'/))3%&'11,4/1,/$6%/%'6 >'1'<,C'$$3/))3%7'$%9:&'/73*$%/))3%%'.5'%>''$2<?4%/$.-*./$>/60/%%&/% %,7'0,$413431%,3$%3%&'434*)/%,3$3=%&';3*$%1,'6W-*%;),=='dS/1F60G^^^Z9:&' /))3;/%,3$3=%&'+,)'>/%'1,60/$.&/65''$=31.';/.'60/;3$%13C'16,/)%34,;9I,%& 731',$.'4'$.'$%;3*$%1,'6;)/,7,$<%&',11,<&%%3%&'1'63*1;'/$.413$3*$;,$<%&' H<1''7'$%3=G^`^$3)3$<'1C/),.0%&'%34,;<'%6'C'$731'.'),;/%'9:&'+,)'(/6,$ "$,%,/%,C'>/6;1'/%'.,$G^^g%3'$&/$;'/=/,1/$./7,;/5)';334'1/%,3$5'%>''$/)) ;3*$%1,'6,$%&'+,)'(/6,$0,$%&'/64';%3=*6/<'3=%&'>/%'11'63*1;'W()3;F'%/)9 ayyhz9 :3 &/C' ;3$%13) 3= %&' /73*$% 3= >/%'1 %&/% '/;& ;3*$%1? &/6 /;;'66 %3.,6;&/1<'/66'667'$%6/1'$''.'.9:&'.,6;&/1<'/66'667'$%/%2)8',7,6%&'1'=31'0 /)63,$ / 43),%,;/) /64';%0,7431%/$% 5';/*6',% /66'66 %&' /73*$% 3= >/%'1 '$%'1,$< -*./$%&13*<&%&'()*'+,)'9 ZXZ %T:>::<G?E:"$H&:E:>%$ T315'%%'1>/%'11'63*1;'7/$/<'7'$%%&'1',6/$''.3=<33..,6;&/1<'./%/9:&'1' /1' 7/$? 73$,%31,$< 6%/%,3$6 /)3$< %&' +,)' WE3&/7'.0 aygyz9 #= %&'6' 637' 6%/%,3$6>'1' '6%/5),6&'.'/1)?,$%&'aY %& ;'$%*1?9V$=31%*$/%')?0%&'K*/),%?3=%&',$6%1*7'$%6 /$. 6%/%,3$6 &/6.'%'1,31/%'. 3C'1 %,7'0 >&,;& ;/*6'6 731',$/.'K*/%' 7'/6*1'7'$% 1'6*)%69 :&' $*75'1 3= 7'/6*1'7'$%6 /$. %&',$%'$6,%? 3= *4./%,$< 1/%,$<@;*1C'6&/C'/)63.';),$'.%&')/6%.';/.'69H$3%&'1,66*',6%&/%%&',$6%1*7'$%6 1'<*)/1)?$''.;/),51/%,3$9:&')/;F3=;/),51/%,3$=/;,),%,'6,$-*./$=31;'6%&'6%/==%3 6'$. %&',$6%1*7'$%6 /513/.9 E/$? 73$,%31,$< 6%/%,3$6.3 $3% &/C' /$? 'D%1/ 'K*,47'$%0>&,;&1'6*)%6,$4'1,3.63=$3./%/>&'$,$6%1*7'$%6/1'513F'$316'$%%3 1'@;/),51/%,3$WE3&/7'.0a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aYGYZ9:&'</*<',6*6*/))?1'/.7/$*/))? 5*%/*%37/%,;</*<'1';31.'16&/C'5''$%'6%'.0/%=31'D/74)'-'$$/1/$.83$<3)/0 5*% %&' 1'6*)%6 &/C' $3% 5''$ 1'),/5)' '$3*<&9 #$' 4135)'7,6 %&/% %&' /*%37/%,; </*<'6&/C'=/;'.7/,$%'$/$;'4135)'76WE3&/7'.0aYGYZ9I&'$7'/6*1'7'$%6/1' 7/.'7/$*/))?%&'1',6/)>/?6/1,6F%&/%637'=)3>=)*;%*/%,3$6 9 :&'1';/$5'7/$?1'/63$6=31%&,60='>31$37'/6*1'7'$%6.*1,$<%&'$,<&%0313%&'1,66*'6),F'4135)'76%31'/;&/6%/%,3$/==';%'.5?&,<&=)3>69 f

15 ?*,=34\E/63$1?</*<',$-*./$/%7'/6*1'7'$%6%/%,3$9S&3%3NL/$663$0E90-*./$0aYGa9 H% 2) 8',7 6%/%,3$ / ;/5)'>/? 3C'1 %&' ()*' +,)' A,C'1,6 *6'. =31.,6;&/1<' 7'/6*1'7'$%WT,<*1'aZ9:&'7'%&3.*6'.*4%,))$3>,6/53*%%&'6/7'/6%&'7'%&3. *6'.5?%&'(1,%,6&/$.2<?4%,/$6,$%&'5'<,$$,$<3=%&'aY %& ;'$%*1?9:&'C')3;,%?,6 7'/6*1'. >,%& ;*11'$% 7'%'1 /% &/)=.'4%& >&'1' %&1'' 1'/.,$<6 3= XY 6';3$.6 /1' 7/.' /$. %&' 7'/$ C')3;,%? /% '/;& 43,$%,6 ;/);*)/%'.9 :&' %3%/).,6;&/1<',6 ;/);*)/%'.5?%&'7'/$6';%,3$7'%&3.WE3&/7'.0a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h;/$5'6''$,$T,<*1'f9:&'1/%,$<;*1C',6 'D41'66'.7/%&'7/%,;/))?/6/1/%,$<'K*/%,3$9 `

16 ?*,=34]A/%,$<;*1C'*6'./%2)8',76%/%,3$.*1,$<G^_h98,6;&/1<'WjZ,$7 X J63$%&'D@/D,6/$. </*<')'C'),$7'%'163$%&'?@/D,6WH&7'.04'169;3790a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aygyz L?6%'1'6,6 ;/$ /)63 5'.'6;1,5'. /6 /.'C,/%,3$6 5'%>''$ %&' >/%'1 )'C') >&'$ %&' =)3>,$;1'/6'6 /$..';1'/6'6 =31 / 64';,=,;.,6;&/1<'9 ZX] #"'LP"%:&:??:'%$ "$6*5;1,%,;/)=)3>WT13*.' 6$*75'1cGZ%&')3$<,%*.,$/)=)3>413=,)',6/==';%'.5? =)3>;3$.,%,3$6.3>$6%1'/79[3$%13)6%1*;%*1'60356%/;)' &3)3<,;/);&/$<'6.3>$6%1'/7 7/?,$.*;' 5/;F>/%'1 '==';%6 W[&/$63$0 ayyfz9 #$' 3= %&' 5/;F>/%'1 '==';%6,6%&/%%&'&?.1/*),;;3$.,%,3$;&/$<'6WE*$,'1'%/)90aYYg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e'%&,64135)'79 _

17 ZX_ T[<&"HIM'EG<:IM>N T316%*.?,$<%&''==';%6=137&?43%&'%,;/)&?.1/*),;'C'$%6),F'=)33.6/$.0/6,$%&,6 6%*.?0;&/$<'.=)3>.?$/7,;6&?.1/*),;73.')),$<,6/6%13$<%33)W[&/$63$0aYYfZ9 T31%&,66%*.?,%>/6,7431%/$%%3;&336'/43>'1=*)/$./.C/$;'.73.')),$<413<1/7 %&/%;3*).73.')53%&.?$/7,;/$.6%/%,;=)3>69 H73.')%&/%34'1/%'6,$/6,7,)/1 7/$$'1/6%&'/;%*/)6?6%'7;/$5'*6'.=3141'.,;%,3$63=%&'1'/)6?6%'7/%.,=='1'$% 6;'$/1,369:3<'%/*6'=*)6,7*)/%,3$1'6*)%,%,63=736%,7431%/$;'%&/%%&'73.'),6 ;/),51/%'./$.C/),./%'./</,$6%/;;*1/%'.,6;&/1<'7'/6*1'7'$%69 ZX_XW '2-*14-.27/3(=;*15-/4; :&';&3,;'3=&?.1/*),;73.')/==';%6%&'1'6*)%98'4'$.,$<3$%&'/C/,)/5)'./%//$. %&' 6,e' 3= %&' 1,C'10.,=='1'$% 73.')6 /1' 731' 31 )'66 6*,%/5)'9 /$. 73.')),$<,6 731' ;374)'D /$. $''. 731'./%/ %3 5' /;;*1/%' %&/$ / 3$'@.,7'$6,3$/)73.')9:&'.,7'$6,3$3=%&'73.')%3*6'6&3*).5'5/6'.3$%&' 4*1436' 3= %&' 6%*.? /$../%/ /C/,)/5,),%?9 T31 &?.1/*),; 73.')),$< 3= )/1<' 1,C'16 3$'@.,7'$6,3$/) 73.')6 &/C' 5''$ 413C'$ 731' 6*;;'66=*) W(1/$.%0 ayy^z9 I,%&,$;1'/6,$<./%/ 43>'1 /$. 731' =1'K*'$% /$. /;;*1/%'./%/ %&' %>3@ /$. %&1''@.,7'$6,3$/)73.')67,<&%<,C'5'%%'11'6*)%6,$%&'=*%*1'9:&1''@.,7'$6,3$/)73.')6 &/C'63=/13$)?<,C'$/;;*1/%'1'6*)%6=31C'1?67/))6?6%'76W(1/$.%0aYY^Z9(';/*6' 3= ),7,%'../%/ 3= 5/%&?7'%1? /$. =)3> ;&/1/;%'1,6%,;6 %&' 3$'@.,7'$6,3$/) 73.') E,F'GG>/66')';%'.=31%&,66%*.?9 ZX_XZ M+)3-/=1)*-+)-E*84WW :&' &?.1/*),; 73.')),$< 413<1/7 E,F' GG ;/$ 5' *6'. =31 6,7*)/%,3$6 3= >/%'1 K*/),%?0.,6;&/1<' /$. %1/$6431%/%,3$ 3= 6'.,7'$%,$ ;&/$$')60 1,C'160,11,</%,3$ 6?6%'76/$.731'9E,F'GG,6/$/.C/$;'.413<1/7=3173.')),$<3=53%&.?$/7,; /$.6%/%,;6;'$/1,369:&'=3))3>,$<.'6;1,4%,3$,65/6'.3$%&'E,F'GG7/$*/)W8L"0 ayga/z/$.%*%31,/)w8l"0ayga5z9 "= ;1366 6';%,3$./%/ /1' /C/,)/5)' E,F' GG ;/$ *6' -/,$% O'$/$% 6 'K*/%,3$ =31,$%'<1/%,3$;/);*)/%,3$9I&'$;13666';%,3$./%//1'7,66,$<13*%,$<;/$5'*6'.9:&' -/,$% O'$/$% 6 'K*/%,3$,6 63)C'. *$.'1 =3))3>,$< 41'6*74%,3$6N %&' >/%'1,6,$;3741'66,5)' >,%& ;3$6%/$%.'$6,%?0 %&' 6)34' 3= %&' 1,C'1,6 ),7,%'.0 %&' =)3>.,1';%,3$,64/1/))')%3%&'53%%37/%/)).'4%&/$.%&'=)3>,66*5;1,%,;/)9 E,F' GG ;3$%/,$6 / $*75'1 3= '.,%316 %&/% ;/$ 5' '.,%'.,$.'4'$.'$%)?9 "7431%/$% '.,%316=31%&,66%*.?/1'k-,7*)/%,3$'.,%310+'%>31F'.,%310[1366-';%,3$'.,%310L8 S/1/7'%'1 '.,%310 :,7' -'1,'6 '.,%31 /$. (3*$./1? '.,%31 WT,<*1' `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e,$< 3= 1,C'151/$;&'69 h

18 :&'53*$./1?;3$.,%,3$6/1'.'=,$'.,$%>3'.,%316N:,7'-'1,'6'.,%31/$.(3*$./1? '.,%319 "$ %&' :,7' -'1,'6 '.,%31 %,7' 6'1,'6 =31,$=)3>0 >/%'1 )'C')6 '%;'%'1/ /1'.'=,$'. /$. %&' (3*$./1? '.,%31.'=,$'6 %&' 53*$./1? ;3$.,%,3$6 /% %&',$)'%J,$)'%6 /$.3*%)'%J3*%)'%69 :3 64';,=? %&',$,%,/) C/)*'6 =31 %&' &?.1/*),; 73.')),$<0 ),F' >/%'1 )'C') /$..,6;&/1<'0%&'L8S/1/7'%'12.,%31,6*6'.9"%,6/)63*6'.%3.'=,$'3%&'1C/1,/5)'6 6 $*75'1 W$Z /$. %3 6'% %&'.,=='1'$% %?4'6 3= 7/46 %&/% 6&3*). 5'.,64)/?'./=%'173.')),$<9 :&'5/%&?7'%1,;/)1/>./%/0,$%&'=3173=;13666';%,3$60;/$5'/..'.7/$*/))?,$ %&'[1366@6';%,3$2.,%319:&'13*<&$'66/)3$<%&';1366@6';%,3$;/$/)635'C/1,'.,= $''.'.9 E,F' GG ),$'/1)?,$%'143)/%'6 5'%>''$ %&' ;1366 6';%,3$6 %3 1';1'/%' %&' 5/%&?7'%1?3=%&'1,C'19?*,=34 ^ H 6;1''$ 6&33% 3= E,F' GG.*1,$< %&' >31F,$< 413;'66 6&3>,$< %&' -,7*)/%,3$ '.,%310 (3*$./1?'.,%31[13666';%,3$'.,%31/$.%&'+'%>31F'.,%319 ZX_X\ <()(+44/4/)-5-/4;*+E*84WW :35'/5)'%373.')%&'=)3>3=%&'()*'+,)',$E,F'GG./%/3=%&'5/%&?7'%1?/1' $''.'.,$%&'=3173=;13666';%,3$69:&'./%/ 7*6%&/C'%&'6/7'1'='1'$;')'C')9 :&';13666';%,3$66&3*).41'='1/5)?5'4'14'$.,;*)/1%3%&'1,C'1=)3>/$.;3$6,6%3=.'4%&./%/ 43,$%6 /;1366 %&' 1,C'1 =137 3$' 6,.' %3 %&' 3%&'1 WT,<*1' `Z9 :3 '$/5)' 73.')),$<3='D%1'7''C'$%6%&';13666';%,3$66&3*).41'='1/5)?5''D%'$.'./53C' &,<&'6% 'D4';%'. >/%'1 )'C')9 [1366 6';%,3$6 6&3*). 5' =1'K*'$% /)3$< %&' 6%*.,'. 1,C'10'64';,/))?/%$/113>4/1%63=%&'1,C'19:&';13666';%,3$6/1'6'%5/6'.3$%&',1 )3;/%,3$/)3$<%&'1,C'10%&',1;&/,$/<'0/))7'/6*1'.43,$%6&/C'/.,6%/$;'W=137%&' *%%'1736% 43,$%Z /$. /.'4%&9 :&'6' 1/>./%/ /1' *6*/))? 35%/,$'. =137 1,C'15'. 6*1C'?69E,F'GG;/$=137%&'6'./%/;1'/%'/6*1=/;'73.')5?,$%'143)/%,$<5'%>''$ %&'/..'.;13666';%,3$6W8L"0aYGa/Z9 :&'C')3;,%?3=%&'>/%'1,6/==';%'.5?%&'13*<&$'663=%&'53%%376*1=/;'0<1/C,%? /$.,$'1%,/9"$%&'73.')),$<%&'13*<&$'66,61'41'6'$%'.5?E/$$,$< 6$*75'1W$Z g

19 >,%& %&' *$,% 6J7 GJX W8L"0 ayga/z9 6 $*75'1,6 '66'$%,/) =31 =)3> C')3;,%?;/);*)/%,3$69-*1=/;'6>,%&731'13*<&$'66&/C'/)/1<'1$0>&,;&,74)?%&/% %&'?6)3>%&'>/%'1731'W2K*/%,3$GZW[&3>'%/)90G^ggZ9 WGZ >&'1'%&'C')3;,%?W Z,6,$7J60%&'&?.1/*),;1/.,*6W Z,$7/$.%&'6)34'W,6.,7'$6,3$)'66 W7J7Z WL'$.1,F60 aygyz9 #=%'$ %&' 13*<&$'66 C/1,'6 3C'1 %&' ;1366 6';%,3$WS,'%1/$<'),'%/)90aYGXZ9U*,.'),$'6%3>&/%/;%*/)C/)*'%3*6'/6E/$$,$< $*75'1;/$5'=3*$.,$%/5)'60>'1'%&'$*75'1,6;&36'$5/6'.3$%&'1,C'153%%376 ;&/1/;%'1,6%,;605*%41'='1/5)? /=%'1/;3$C'?/$;' 6%*.?3=%&'1,C'1 6$*75'1;/$/)635'6'%%&13*<&;/),51/%,3$3=%&' 73.') 31 /=%'1 /$3%&'1 ;/),51/%'. 73.') 5/6'. 3$ 6,7,)/1 ;3$.,%,3$69 8*1,$< ;/),51/%,3$3=/73.'),6/6,<$,=,;/$%4/1/7'%'1%3)33F/%W8L"0 ayga/z9 :&' 73.')),$< 413;'66'6 7*6% &/C'.'=,$'. 53*$./1? ;3$.,%,3$69 :&'6' 53*$./1? ;3$.,%,3$6;/$=31'D/74)'5'%,7'6'1,'63=.,6;&/1<'WjZ/$.>/%'1)'C')./%/W&Z W8L"0aYGa/Z9 ZX_X] K*0=(;*0()* =;)0*+E*84K*49 E,F'O,'>,6*6'./6%&'1'6*)%C,'>'1=31E,F'GG9E,F'O,'>;3$%/,$6/C/1,'%?3= =*$;%,3$6 /$. ='/%*1'6 =31 /$/)?6,$< /$. C,'>,$< %&' 1'6*)%6 =137 6,7*)/%,3$69 H$,7/%,3$63=)3$<,%*.,$/)413=,)'6/$.>/%'1)'C')6/%;13666';%,3$60413.*;,$<j@& /$. %,7' 6'1,'6 4)3%6 /1' B*6% 637' 3= %&' ='/%*1'6,$ E,F' O,'> WT,<*1' _Z9 :&'.,=='1'$% /$,7/%,3$6 ;/$ 5' 6?$;&13$,e'. /$. %&' *6'1 /))3>6N %3 6%340 4)/? 31 6%'4@5?@6%'4>/)F%&13*<&3$'31731'6,7*)/%,3$W8L"0aYGa/Z9?*,=34_H$,7/%,3$6/$.4)3%6,$E,F'O,'>3=%&'1'6*)%6=137/1*$,$E,F'GG9:&')3$<,%*.,$/)413=,)'/$. >/%'1)'C')/$,7/%,3$60j@&4)3%0/$.%&'1,C'13C'1C,'>/1'.,64)/?'.9 ^

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j@&1')/%,3$6&,469:&'413<1/7E,F'O,'>>/6*6'.%3 6%*.?%&'1'6*)%69 \XW IM%:&"%H&:$%H<[ :3<'%731'F$3>)'.<'3=1')/%'.41'C,3*66%*.,'60%&'()*'+,)'/$.7'/6*1'7'$% %';&$,K*'6 *6'.,$ %&' /1'/ / ),%'1/%*1' 6%*.? >/6 ;/11,'. 3*%9 (33F6 ),F' :&' L?.13)3<?3=%&'+,)'W-*%;),==''%/)90G^^^Z/$.I/%'1A'63*1;'6"$-*./$NS)/$$,$< /$.E/$/<'7'$%Wi/<3*50aYGaZ>'1'C/)*/5)',$%&'413;'663=*$.'16%/$.,$<%&' &?.13)3<,;/)6,%*/%,3$,$%&'/1'/9H)736%$341'C,3*66%*.,'6/53*%6,7,)/16,%*/%,3$6 >'1' =3*$..*1,$< %&' ),%'1/%*1' 6%*.?9 -%*.? 1')/%'. /*%&31,%,'60 ),F' %&' ->'.,6& E'%'313)3<? /$. L?.13)3<? "$6%,%*%' W-EL"Z >'1' ;3$%/;%'.,$ &34' 3= <*,./$;' /53*% %&' ;374)'D 6,%*/%,3$ /% 2) 8',79 :&' /$6>'1 =137 -EL" >/6 %&/% 7'/6*1'7'$% 6%/%,3$6 /==';%'. 5? 5/;F>/%'1 >'1' ;3$6,.'1'. *6')'66 W\36BR0 4'169;3790aYGXZ9 \XZ "K"MI"#I:<"%" :&'./%/ $''.'. =31 %&,6 6%*.? >'1' 35%/,$'. =137 8"V9 "%,$;)*.'. %,7' 6'1,'6 3= >/%'1)'C')W&Z0./,)?.,6;&/1<'Wj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`F79H)3$<%&,6.,6%/$;'./%/ 3=`X;13666';%,3$6/%/13*$.G@XF7.,6%/$;'=137'/;&3%&'1>'1'35%/,$'.9:&' ;13666';%,3$6/1'731'=1'K*'$%,$%&'1'6'1C3,1WT,<*1'hZ9:&';13666';%,3$6%3%/))? ;3$%/,$'.731'%&/$aYY0YYY43,$%60/))>,%&F$3>$)3$<,%*.'0)/%,%*.'/$./)%,%*.'9 :35'/5)'%3/..%&'6';13666';%,3$6,$%3E,F'GG%&',$%'1$/).,6%/$;'5'%>''$%&' =,16%43,$%/$./))3%&'143,$%6$''.'.%35';/);*)/%'.=31'/;&;13666';%,3$9 GY

21 ?*,=34 ` E/43C'1%&')3;/%,3$6=31;13666';%,3$65'%>''$2)8',76%/%,3$/$.A36',1'6./79:&' 5)*' ),$',$ %&' )/1<' 7/4 C,6*/),e'6 %&' 1'/;& 3= %&' ()*' +,)' =137 2) 8',7 /$..3>$6%1'/7 %3 A36',1'6./79:&'5)/;F),$'6;1366,$<%&'1,C'1/1'C,6*/),e'.;13666';%,3$69 \XZXZ <*012(3,4(+/9()43;4A4;/()( 8/,)?.,6;&/1<'./%//%2)8',7=137G^_`@aYGa>'1'/C/,)/5)'=31%&,66%*.?WT,<*1' gz9:&'./%/=137ayga.,.$3%6''7%35'/==';%'.5?%&'./7&',<&%'$,$<413b';%9 :&' >/%'1 )'C')./%/ /C/,)/5)' =31 %&,6 6%*.? >'1' /)63./,)? C/)*'6 =31 %&' 6/7' 4'1,3.6 /6 =31 %&'.,6;&/1<' WT,<*1' ^ /$. T,<*1' GYZ9 T31 %&'.,6;&/1<' /$. >/%'1 )'C')./%//%2)8',7%&'1',6/)3$<4'1,3.WG^^h@aYYaZ>,%&$3./%/9:&'./%/6'% =137A36',1'6./7/1'/)736%;3$%,$*3*6>,%&3$)?/='>./?6>,%&7,66,$<./%/9:&'.,6;&/1<'./%/=31%&'?'/16G^hg@aYGa=1372)8',76''7%35'$3%7'/6*1'.05*% 1/%'..,6;&/1<'6 =137 / 1/%,$< ;*1C' WT,<*1' GGZ9 l'13 </*<' )'C') =31 2) 8',7,6 fgg9a7/969)9wh&7'.04'169;3790aygxz9t31/))4)3%6,$%&'1'6%3=%&'1'431%>,%&%&' >/%'1)'C')/%2)8',7.'=,$'.,$%&'*$,%70/e'13</*<')'C')3=fgG9a7/969)9,6 *6'.9 <0*12(3,4():;<4*5b5 \ c0d 0UUU UUUU WUUU OUUU JUUU 0UUU U [OM [PU [PM [WU [WM [[U [[M 0UUU 0UUM 0UU [4(3?*,=34a:&'.,6;&/1<'./%/=1372)8',76%/%,3$WG^_`@aYGaZ9 GG

22 P()43I4A4;():;<4*5b5(X0X;Xd J[O J[M J[J J[H J[0 J[ J[U JW[ JWW JWP JWO [OM [PU [PM [WU [WM [[U [[M 0UUU 0UUM [4(3 P()43;4A4;()&-04*340/(5b5(X0X;d JWM JWU JPM JPU JOM JOU [OM [PU [PM [WU [WM [[U [[M 0UUU 0UUM 0UU <*012(3,4():;<4*5b5 \ c0d 0UUU UUUU WUUU OUUU JUUU 0UUU U M P [ H M P()43I4A4;():;<4*5b5d?*,=34 WW H)).,6;&/1<'./%/ /% 2) 8',7 =137 G^_`@aYGa9 :&'./,)? >/%'1 )'C')./%/ m7n 4)3%%'. /</,$6%./,)?.,6;&/1<'./%/m7 X J6n/%2)8',76%/%,3$9:&'='>43,$%%&/%.3$3%=3))3>%&'4/%%'1$/1' 736%),F')?' Ga

23 \XZX\ '(;*63()*-+/()( :&'<3/)>,%&%&';/),51/%,3$>/6%3;1'/%'/73.')>,%&%&')'/6%/C'1/<'.'C,/%,3$ 5'%>''$%&'6,7*)/%'./$.7'/6*1'.>/%'1)'C')/%2)8',79(/;F>/%'1'==';%6=137 %&' 1'6'1C3,1.,. $3% 6''7 %3 /==';% %&'./%/ =31 ;/),51/%,3$ 31 C/),./%,3$9 :&'./%/ *6'.=31;/),51/%,3$>'1'>/%'1)'C')/$..,6;&/1<'./%/=1372)8',7/$.A36',1'6./7=137aYGG98/%/=137?'/1aYGG>'1';&36'$5';/*6',%,6%&')/%'6%;374)'%'?'/1 >,%&./%/ 1';31.6 3= 53%& >/%'1 )'C') /$..,6;&/1<' /% 2) 8',7 /$. A36',1'6 1'6'1C3,19 :&' ;/),51/%,3$./%/ 6'% >/6 'D%'$.'. >,%& / ='>./?6 3= 'D%1'7' &,<& =)3>6=137aYGY%3<'%/>,.'11/$<'3==)3>69 :&';/),51/%,3$4'1,3.;3$%/,$'.`a.,=='1'$%./,)?C/)*'63=.,6;&/1<'/$.>/%'1)'C') /%2)8',79:&'.,6;&/1<'C/1,'.=137/53*%GYY%3GY0fYY7 X J6/$.%&'>/%'1)'C') =137_9`%3GX9_7Wfgh9h%3f^f9g7/969)9Z9 \XZX] K(;*/()*-+/()( I/%'1)'C')/$..,6;&/1<'./%/=137aYGa>'1'*6'.=31%&'C/),./%,3$3=%&'73.')9 :&,6?'/1 >/6 ;&36'$ 5';/*6',% >/6 %&' 736% 1';'$%?'/1 >,%& /C/,)/5)'./%/9 :&' 5/%&?7'%1,;;3$.,%,3$6,$aYGa/1'/)63),F')?%35'6,7,)/1%3%&';3$.,%,3$6,$aYGG9 O/),./%,3$3=%&'73.')/</,$6%C'1?3)../%/;3*).;/*6'/$/..,%,3$/)'1131.*'%3 ;&/$<'.5/%&?7'%1?9:&'C/),./%,3$./%/6'1,'6;3741,6'.fX./,)?C/)*'63=C/1,'..,6;&/1<'/$.>/%'1)'C')=1372)8',79:&'1/$<'3=.,6;&/1<',$%&'C/),./%,3$./%/ 6'%>/6=137gY@^0`YY7 X J69 \X\ EG<:IM>N"FF&G"'T :&'73.')6'%*4;3$%/,$'./='>6%'46,$E,F'GG9:&')3;/%,3$3=%&'1,C'1>/66'% 5?/..,$<%&'1'/;&3=%&'1,C'10'D%1/;%'.=137U33<)' '/1%&Wa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`a ;/),51/%,3$ C/)*'6 %&' 6,7*)/%,3$ 1'6*)%6 ;/$ 5' ;3$6,.'1'.%&'6/7'/6=316%/%,3$/1?;3$.,%,3$69:&'F$3>$>/%'1)'C')/%2)8',7 >/6 ;374/1'. >,%& %&' ;311'643$.,$< >/%'1 )'C') =137 %&' 6,7*)/%,3$ 1'6*)%69 [/),51/%,3$ 3= E/$$,$<o6 $*75'1 >/6.3$'0 *$%,) %&' 6,7*)/%'. >/%'1 )'C') ;311'643$.'.>'))%3%&'7'/6*1'.>/%'1)'C')9:&'>/?%&,6=,%>/6;3$%13))'.>/65? 7,$,7,e,$<%&'/C'1/<'.'C,/%,3$=137%&'`a;374/1'.C/)*'69E31',7431%/$%>/6 %3 <'% / <33. 7/%;& =31 %&' 736% =1'K*'$% =)3>69 :&' 6,7*)/%,3$.'C,/%,3$6,$ /563)*%'0/C'1/<'/$.7/D,7*7C/)*'6>'1';374*%'.,$2D;')9 GX

24 >/6 /$,7431%/$% 4/1/7'%'1,$ %&' ;/),51/%,3$ 413;'669 "%,6 / 4&?6,;/) 4/1/7'%'1 /$. 7*6% %&'1'=31' 5' ;/),51/%'.,$ %&' 1/$<' 3=,%6 $/%*1/) C/1,/%,3$69 H 6%*.? 3= %&' ;3$C'?/$;' ;&/1/;%'1,6%,;6 3= %&' ()*' +,)' /% %&' 2%&,34,/$J-*./$'6'531.'16&3>6%&/%%&'E/$$,$< 6$*75'1,65'%>''$Y9Y`/$.Y9G 6J7 GJX =3131.,$/1?>'%@6'/63$=)3>69T31731'6&/))3>=)3>60731',11'<*)/1,%,'6<'% 'D436'.>&,;&,$;1'/6'6%&'>/%'11'6,6%/$;'9:&'4/1/7'%'1%&'1'=31'3=%'$.';1'/6'6 >,%&,$;1'/6,$<>/%'1)'C')WS,'%1/$<'),'%/)90aYGXZ9:&'1,C'153%%37,$4/1%63=%&' ()*'+,)';)36'%32)8',7;3$%/,$63=/$/113>/$.6%''4;/$/)9"%,6;/1C'.3*%3= 13;F7/66'65?%&''136,C'=31;'3=%&'1,C'19:&'1,C'15/$F,$%&'6/7'/1'/,63=%'$ =)33.'.,$%&'1/,$?6'/63$/$.,6;&/1/;%'1,e'.5?,11'<*)/113;F@7/66'60C'1?)/1<' 53*).'16/$.7/66,C'<$',66WT,<*1'GaZWS,'%1/$<'),'%/)90aYGXZ9?*,=34WZS,;%*1'3=()*'+,)'1,C'153%%37927'1<,$<13;F4,))/16,$%&')'=%4,;%*1'/$..1?6'/63$ 6/$..'436,%6,$%&'1,<&%4,;%*1'WS,'%1/$<'),'%/)90aYGXZ9 :3;/4%*1'%&'6'$/%*1/)C/1,/%,3$6,$13*<&$'66%&'E/$$, 6$*75'1 >/66'% =31.,=='1'$% e3$'6 3= %&' ;1366 6';%,3$9 :&,6 7'%&3.,6 ;/))'. %&' %1,4)' e3$'.,c,6,3$ WT,<*1' GXZ W8L"0 ayga5z9 :3 6'4/1/%' %&' e3$'6 G@X %&' ;1366 6';%,3$./%/ >'1',$C'6%,</%'./)3$<%&'1,C'11'/;&9:&'6'4/1/%,3$)'C')6>'1'6'%/%/)%,%*.'6>&'1' %&' =317 3= %&' ;1366 6';%,3$ ;&/$<'.9 :3 <'% /6 /;;*1/%' C/)*'6 3= %&' 13*<&$'66 4/1/7'%'16 /6 4366,5)' 6,7*)/%,3$6 >'1' =,16% 4'1=317'. >,%& )3> =)3>69 I&'$ %&' 73.')>/6;/),51/%'.=31)3>=)3>606,7*)/%,3$66%/1%'.>,%&&,<&@)'C')=)3>60/$.%&' %>3 3%&'1 13*<&$'66 4/1/7'%'160 =31 e3$' a /$. e3$' X0 >'1' 35%/,$'. =137 ;/),51/%,3$9:&';/),51/%,3$6>'1''D';*%'.%3<,C'%&'1'6*)%>,%&%&')'/6%.'C,/%,3$ 4366,5)'5'%>''$%&'6,7*)/%'./$.%&'7'/6*1'.C/)*'9?*,=34W\-F'%;&3=%&'%1,4)'e3$'.,C,6,3$63=;13666';%,3$69W8L"0aYGa5Z :&'736%1'),/5)'73.')=137%&';/),51/%,3$>/66,7*)/%'./</,$6%/))%&'./%/=137 aygg%36''&3>>'))%&'73.')=3))3>'.%&'$/%*1/)=)3>.?$/7,;6wt,<*1'gfz9:&' 1'6*)%>/66%*.,'.,$E,F'O,'>/$../%/,7431%'.%32D;')9:&')3$<,%*.,$/)413=,)'6 =137%&'6,7*)/%,3$6>'1';3$%13))'.%3.'%'17,$',=%&'=)3>'C'$%)33F'.1'/),6%,;9 I&'$%&'73.')>/6;/),51/%'.%&'73.')&/.%35'C/),./%'.%36'',=%&'6,7*)/%,3$6 /1'/;;*1/%'=313%&'16;'$/1,369 Gf

25 \X\XZ K(;*/()*-+ :&'C/),./%,3$./%/;/$$3%5'%&'6/7'/6%&'./%/*6'.=31;/),51/%,3$9:&'C/),./%,3$ 413;'66;3$%/,$'..?$/7,;73.')),$</$.1'6*)%;374/1,63$6=31/))%&'./%/3=aYGa /6 >')) /6 / 6'4/1/%' 6,7*)/%,3$ 3= fx ;&36'$./%'6 >,%& C/1?,$< >/%'1 )'C')69 :3 /66'66 %&' 41'.,;%,C' 43>'1 3= %&' 73.') %&' +/6&@-*%;),==' 73.') '==,;,'$;? ;3'==,;,'$% W Z >/6 ;374*%'. =31 %&' 6,7*)/%'. C/)*'6 =137 ayga9 :&' +/6&@ -*%;),=='C/)*',6.'=,$'./6.'6;1,5'.,$'K*/%,3$aN WaZ >&'1',673.'))'.C/)*'/$.,6%&'356'1C'.C/)*'/%%,7' 9,6%&'/C'1/<' 356'1C'. C/)*'9 :&' ;/$ 1/$<' %3 G9 H 4'1=';% 7/%;& 5'%>''$ %&' 73.'))'. /$. 356'1C'../%/ <,C'6 / C/)*' 3= G9 :&' ),$'/1,%? 5'%>''$ %&' 7'/6*1'./$.6,7*)/%'.>/%'1)'C')6=31%&'>&3)'4'1,3.3=aYGa>/6/)636%*.,'. %&13*<&/),$'/11'<1'66,3$9 :&'6,7*)/%,3$1'6*)%6>'1'6%*.,'.,$E,F'O,'>/$../%/,7431%'.%32D;')9:&' 6,7*)/%,3$.'C,/%,3$0 ;/);*)/%'. =137 ;374/1,63$ 5'%>''$ %&' 6,7*)/%'. /$. 7'/6*1'. >/%'1 )'C')6 =31 %&' fx./%'60 >'1' ;374*%'.,$ /563)*%'0 /C'1/<' /$. 7/D,7*7 C/)*'69 :&' 4/1/7'%'1 6'%*4 >,%& %&' )'/6%.'C,/%,3$ >/6 *6'. /)63 =31 C/),./%,3$ /</,$6% %&' 7'/6*1'../%/ =137 G^_`@G^hh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a ;71,6'3=>/%'1)'C')0,$%&'6,7*)/%,3$1'6*)%%&';1,%,;/))'C')&/65''$=3*$.=31%&/% 64';,=,;.,6;&/1<'9 -'C'1/) 6,7*)/%,3$6 >,%& %&,6 7'%&3. >'1' 'D';*%'. %3 =,$. 3*% &3> %&' >/%'1 )'C') /$..,6;&/1<' /==';%'. %&' 41'6'$;' 3= 5/;F>/%'1 '==';%6 /% 2) 8',79:&'1'/63$%3.'=,$'/6,<$,=,;/$%;&/$<',$>/%'1)'C')%3a;7>/6%&/%%&' 7'/6*1'7'$% 7'%&3. 3= 1'/.,$< %&' )'C') =137 / 7/63$1? </*<' /% 2) 8',7,6 $3% C'1?41';,6'5*%,%,6),F')?%&/%/;&/$<'5?a;7>3*).5'$3%,;'/5)'9 G`