T averne [13 ], D avey [14 ] L ogue [15 ] Gearhart. d Buck rell [18 ] Gearhart [16 ] Gercia [19 ]

Transcript

1 32 7 () V o l. 32 N o Jour. of N o rthw est Sci2T ech U niv. of A gri. and Fo r. (N aṫ Sci. Ed. ) July 2004 B Ξ, (, ) [ ]B, ;, d, d [ ] B ; ; [] R ; S [] A [ ] (2004) ,,,, X 60 A, D, 70 80,,,,,, B, B,, [1 4 ], [5 9 ] B 5, B 1 B,,,, ;,, 1976, L indah l [10 ] B d 280,, 100%, Fow ler W ilk in s [11 ], W h ite [12 ] T averne [13 ], D avey [14 ] L ogue [15 ] Gearhart [16 ], [17 ],, B, ( 1), d Buck rell [18 ] Gearhart [16 ] Gercia [19 ] Sch rick In skeep [20 ], [21 ], [22 ], [23 ],, B, ( 1), d, [17 ] 26, 3. 5M H z B ( 20 d, 10 d 1 ),, 20, d,, 18% (3g7), 59% (10g17) 88% (15g17) ;,, 64% (11g17), 94% (16g17) 100% (17g17) [21 ] 5 M H z B 12, d 100% (6g6), d B,, 155, 10, 1, Ξ [ ] [ ]( ) [ ] (1962- ),,,,,

2 118 () 32, B,,,, Do ize [24 ] 5 M H z B, d Gonzalez [25 ] 7. 5 M H z B, d, 19 d [22 ] 5. 0 M H z B, gd D ays of exam. N o. of anim al, 100%, 91% [26 ] 5 M H z, d 10, 4, 6 1 B T able 1 B 2mode ultrasonic scanning of the uterus in sheep fo r gestation diagno sis gm H z T ransducer M ethod of exam. g% gestation g% gestation g% non2gestation g% non2gestation References TA [ 11 ] TA [ 12 ] TA [ 13 ] TA [ 14 ] < 40, > TA [ 15 ] TA [ 16 ] TA [ 17 ] TA [ 17 ] TA [ 17 ] TR [ 18 ] TR [ 16 ] TR [ 16 ] TR [ 19 ] TR [ 19 ] TR [ 20 ] TR 100 [ 21 ] TR [ 22 ] TR [ 23 ] TR [ 23 ] : = g; = gta. ; TR. N o te: rate = co rrect diagno sis num bergreal occurrence num ber; rate = co rrect diagno sis num bergto tal diagno sis num beṙ TA : transabdom inal; TR: transrectal., B ( 60 d ), 30 d, ; d ; d 2 A, B,,,,,,, B, 2,,, ;, 1984,W h ite [12 ] d B, (g) 99%, (g ) 99%, 99%, 100% [27 ],

3 7 : B 119 Douglas 5 530, 98. 7% 97. 7% ; 93. 8% 97. 1% ; 52. 3% 81. 2% ; 0, d T averne [13 ], D avey [14 ], L ogue [15 ] B, Gearhart [16 ] B, ( 2), B 50 d gd D ays of exam. N o. of anim al 2 B [28 ] B, d,, Sch rick In skeep [20 ] 7. 5 M H z B 17, 25 d, B,,,, T able 2 B 2mode ultrasonic scanning fo r determ ination of fetal num ber in sheep gm H z T ransducer M ethod of exam. g% single fetus g% single fetus g% m ultip le fetuses g% m ultip le fetuses References TA [ 13 ] TA [ 14 ] < 40, > TA [ 15 ] TA [ 16 ] TR 80 5 [ 16 ] 3, B,,,,,,, B, : (BPD ) ( 2) ( 2), BPD, ( ), ;, [24, 25, 27, 28 ] H aibel [29 ] B BPD, BPD, H aibel Perk in [30 ] d, Sergeev [31 ] d A ium lam ai [32 ] 10, B BPD, BPD Gonzalez [25 ] B, d BPD d,,bpd r= 0. 96, r= Kelly [33 ] d B BPD,, BPD ; 40 d 95% 2 d, 80 d 4 d;, d, Gonzalez [25 ], d, 2 mm 17 mm, r= 0. 92; r= 0. 96; r= Sergeev [31 ] d, Gonzalez [25 ] d, B, Sergeev [31 ],, d Sch rick In skeep [20 ] d, B,

4 120 () 32 (Y ) (X ) : Y = X X 2 Gonzalez [25 ] d, r= [34 ] B 24,,, (r= 0. 78), d, (Y ) (X ) : Y = X M o reno [35 ] B,,, A ium lam ai [32 ] B,, 7, ( ) Bq,, 3 ( ) Bq, ( ) Bq Do ize [24 ], 42 d, 74 d ;,, 4 B,,,,,, B,, ( ),, B, [36 ] 5 M H z B 26, 20 d, 10 d 1, 130 d, 50 d, 10 cm,, ; d, cm,,, ; d, cm,, 5,, 5 mm,, ; 110 d, 30 cm, cm, d,, [37 ] 5M H z B d 17, 1 3, 18, d ; 30 d, 0. 3 cm ; 35 d [34 ] 5 M H z B 24,, d ; 36 d,, ; 38 d ; 41 d ; 44 d ; 49 d, ; 62 d, ; 79 d, ; 83 d,, ; 100 d ; 105 d [28 ] B, 20 d 1, 10 mm ; 25 d mm ; d ( ) ; d ; d ; d, ; d,, B, 5 Coub rough Castell [38 ] 5 M H z B, d,, 100%, 76%,B,,, B B, B, B,

5 7 : B 121 [ ] [ 1 ] Karen A, Kovacs P, Beckers J F, et al. P regnancy diagno sis in sheep: review of the mo st p ractical m ethods[j ]. A cta V et B rno, 2001, 70: [ 2 ] M ush taq A,M emon, Randall S, et al. M ethods of p regnancy diagno sis in sheep and goats[j ]. Co rnell V et, 1979, 70: [ 3 ] T rapp M J, Slyter A L. P regnancy diagno sis in ew e[j ]. Journal of A nim al Science, 1983, 57 (1) : [ 4 ] W att B R, A ndreson G A, Campell I P. A comparison of six m ethods used fo r detecting p regnancy in sheep [J ]. A ust V et J, 1984, 61: [ 5 ],. B [J ]., 2000, 16 (11) : [ 6 ],. [J ]., 1999, 20 (4) : [ 7 ],. [J ]., 1999, 30 (3) : [ 8 ],. [J ]., 2000, (9) : [ 9 ] W oodard T O, W h ite S L, F low ers W L, et al. Real2tim e ultrasound as an enhanced m eans of p regnancy diagno sis in sw ine [ EBgOL ]. H ttp: ggwww. cals. ncsu. edugan scigannrep95gsw inegsw in9516. htm l, [ 10 ] L indah l I L. P regnancy diagno sis in ew e by ultrasonic scanning[j ]. Journal of Am er Sci, 1976, 43 (6) : [ 11 ] Fow ler D G,W ilk ins J F. D iagno sis of p regnancy and num ber of the fetuses in sheep by real2tim e ultrasonic im aging. g. Effect of num ber of fetuses, stage of gestation, operato r and breed of ew e on accuracy of diagno sis[j ]. L ivest P rod Sci, 1984, 11: [ 12 ] W h ite I R, Russel A J F, Fow ler D G. Real2tim e ultrasonic scanning in the diagno sis of p regnancy and the determ ination of fetal num bers in sheep [J ]. V et Rec, 1984, 115: [ 13 ] T averne M A M, L avo ir M C, V an Oo rd R, et al. of p regnancy diagno sis and p rediction of fetal num bers in sheep w ith linear2 array real2tim e ltrasound scanning[j ]. The V et Q uart, 1985, 7: [ 14 ] D avey C G. A n evaluation of p regnancy testing in sheep using a real2tim e ultrasound scanner[j ]. A ust V et J, 1986, 63: [ 15 ] L ogue N D, H all J T,M croberts S, et al. Real2tim e ultrasonic scanning in sheep: T he results of first year of its app lication on farm s in South2w est Sco tland[j ]. V et Rec, 1987, 121: [ 16 ] Gearhart M A,W ingfield W E, Knigh t A P, et al. Real2tim e ultrasonography fo r determ ining p regnancy status and viable fetal num bers in ew es[j ]. Theriogeno logy, 1988, 30: [ 17 ]. B [J ]., 1991, (4) : 6-8. [ 18 ] Buck rell B C, Bonnett B N, Johnson W H. T he use of real2tim e ultrasound rectally fo r early p regnancy diagno sis in sheep [ J ]. Theriogeno logy, 1986, 25: [ 19 ] Garcia A, N eary M K, Kelly G R, et al. of ultrasonography in early p regnancy diagno sis in the ew e[j ]. T heriogeno logy, 1993, 39: [ 20 ] Sch rick F N, Inskeep E K. D eterm ination of early p regnancy in ew es utilizing transrectal ultrasonography[j ]. T heriogeno logy, 1993, 40: [ 21 ],,,. [J ]., 1996, (2) : [ 22 ],,,. [J ]., 2001, (4) : [ 23 ],,,. B [J ]., 2002, 18 (2) : [ 24 ] Do ize F, V aillancourt D, Carabin H, et al. D eterm ination of gestational age in sheep and goats using transrectal ultrasonograph ic m easurem ent of p lacentom es[j ]. Theriogeno logy, 1997, 48: [25 ] Gonzalez B A, Santiago M J, L opez S A. E stim ation of fetal developm ent in M anchega dairy ew es by transrectal ultrasonograph ic m easurem ents[j ]. Sm all Rum in Res, 1998, 27: [ 26 ],. B [J ]., 2002, (1) : 6-8. [ 27 ],. B [J ]., 2001, 22 (3) : [ 28 ],,. B [J ]., 2002, (2) : [29 ] H aibel G K. Real2tim e ultrasonic fetal head m easurem ent and gestational age in dairy goats[j ]. T heriogeno logy, 1988, 30 (6) : [ 30 ] H aibel G K, Perk ins N R. Real2tim e ultrasonic biparietal diam eter of second trim ester Suffo lk and F inn sheep fetuses and p rediction of gestational age[j ]. Theriogeno logy, 1989, 32: [ 31 ] Sergeev L, Kleem ann D O,W alker S K, et al. Real2tim e ultrasound im aging fo r p redicting ovine fetal age[j ]. T heriogeno logy, 1990, 34: [ 32 ] A ium lam ai S, F redrik sson G, N ilsfo rs L. Real2tim e ultrasonography fo r determ ining the gestational age of ew es[j ]. V et Rec, 1992, 131:

6 122 () 32 [ 33 ] Kelly R W, N ew nham J P. E stim ation of gestational age in M erino ew es by ultrasound m easurem ent of fetal head size[j ]. A ust J A gri Res, 1989, 40: [ 34 ],,. [J ]., 2000, 26 (1) : [ 35 ] M o reno J C, Chavez C S, B ickhard T K. Fetal heart rate and real2tim e ultrasouic fetom etry fo r determ ination of fetal age in sheep [J ]. D eutsche T ier Rztliche W ochensch rift, 1996, 103 (11) : [ 36 ]. B [J ]., 1994, 20 (2) : 20. [ 37 ],,,. [J ]., 1996, 26 (2) : [ 38 ] Coubrough C A, Castell M C. Fetal sex determ ination by ultrasonically locating the genital tubercle in ew es[j ]. T heriogeno logy, 1998, 50: P rogress in research on detecting gestation in sheep u sing real2tim e B 2m ode u ltrason ic scanner ZHANG Y i-hua,dou Zhong-y ing (College of A nim al S cience and T echnology,n orthw est S ci2t ech U niversity of A g riculture and Forestry, Yang ling, S haanx i , China) Abstract: T he review d iscu sses d iagno sing p regnancy, determ in ing feta l num bers, est im a t ing gestational age, decting fetal developm en t and inden tifying fetal sex as w ell as u sing real2tim e B 2mode u ltrason ic scanner to detect the u teru s on ly in goats and sheep. It is show n that real2tim e B 2mode u ltrason ic scann ing is the qu ickest, safest, clearest and mo st effective m ethod of detecting gestation in goats and sheep at p resen ṫ In addition, the resu lts of tran sabdom inal and tran srectal scann ing fo r detercting gestation in goats and sheep are compared and summ ed. It is show n that d after m ating is the best tim e fo r tran sabdom inal and d fo r tran srectal. Key words: real2tim e B 2mode u ltrason ic scanner; sheep; detecting gestation ( 116 ) Syn thesis of p ro staglandin E 1 derivatives by 1, 42addition of an o rganozinc reagen t M A Yang-m in, FU J ian-x i (College of L if e S ciences, N orthw est S ci2t ech U niversity of A g riculture and Forestry, Yang ling, S haanx i , China) Abstract: P reparation of p ro staglandin E 1 m ethyl ester w as accomp lished by 1, 42addition reaction of o rganozinc reagen t m ade from 12iodo 232t rim ethysiloxy212octene w ith 22( 62m ethoxylca rbonylhexyl) 242( 22 tetrahydro2pyranyloxy) 222cyclopen tenone. It indicates it is po ssib le that p ro staglandin E compounds cou ld be syn thesized w ith 1, 42addition reaction of o rganozinc agen ṫ U nder catalysis of CuCN, the yield cou ld increase 12% in the 1, 42addition reaction. Key words: o rganozinc; 1, 42addition reaction; p ro staglandin E 1 m ethyl ester; o rgan ic syn thesis