Mar., 2005 No. 2. Journal of Nanjing Normal University( Social Science) ,,, : : : (2005) Lorenz), :

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1 () Journal of Nanjing Normal University( Social Science) Mar., 2005 No. 2 (, ) :,,,,,,, :;; : : : (2005) ( Edward Lorenz),,,,, [ 1 ] (p. 7),,,,,,,,, 1 2, a1 + b2,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,,,, : :(1956),,, 84

2 ,, ( P. S. Lap lace) [ 2 ] (p. 77),,,,, 20,, ( rein2 forcement contingencies),,, ( fixation regression): [ 3 ] ( pp ),,,, 1960,, Glenn D. W alters,,, [ 4 ] (p. 188 ),,,,,,,,,,, [ 5 ] ( p. 41),,,, [ 5 ] ( p. 45 ),, 20 50,,, [ 6 ],: 85

3 [ 7 ] ( p. 129 ),, ( Chaos),, (Bonoit Mandelbrot), (David Ruelle), , ( Ilya Prigogine) (Hermann Hak2 en),,,,, ( J. Fort): ; ; [ 8 ] ( p. 4),,,, 1983, :, [ 9 ] 86,,, (),, 1980, 1991 ( The Society for Chaos Theory in Psychol2 ogy and L ife Sciences),200313, (Abraham, F. D. & Gilgen, A. R. 1995) ( Robertson, R. & Combs, A. 1995) : (R ichard A. Heath, 2000),,,,,,,, Christopher R. W illiam sb ruce A. A r2 rigo L aw, Psychology, and Justice: Chaos Theory and the N ew (D is) order, ( beneficial service) [ 10 ] ( pp ),

4 , V irginia B rabender, V irginia B ra2 bender, [ 11 ] ( pp ),, : ( 1),,(Marc D. Lewis) [ 12 ] ( p. 44 ), Charles S. Carver, Carver ( self regulation), [ 13 ] ( pp ), Dauwalder,, [ 14 ], [ 15 ],,,,(Andrzej Nowak) (Robin R. Vallacher) [ 16 ], [ 17 ], [ 18 ] ( pp ), 19931,, ( Chaos, chaos everyw here is w hat the theorists th ink)(m i2 chael J. Mahoney), 21, [ 19 ] ( p. 187 ) (Christian Scheier),, (2) ( 3), [ 20 ] ( pp ),,,,, : [ 1 ]A.. [A ] I.. [ C ] :, [ 2 ]. [M ]. :, [ 3 ] Frank Masterpasqua. Tow ard a D ynam ical D evelopm ental U nderstanding of D isorder. In Frank Masterpasqua and 87

5 Phyllis A. Perna ( Ed. ), The Psychological M eaning of Chaos: Translating Theory into Practice. W ashington, 1997, DC: American Psychological A ssociation. [ 14 ] Jean2Pierre Dauwalder & Wolfgang Tschacher. The D y2 nam ical System s A pproach to Cognition: Concepts and Em 2 pirical Paradigm s B ased on Self2O rganization, Em bodi2 [ 4 ] Glenn D. W alters. The Self2A ltering P rocess: Exploring the m ent, and Coordination D ynam ics ( S tudies of N onlinear D ynam ic N ature of L ifestyle D evelopm ent and Chang, 2000, Greenwood Publishing Group, [ 5 ]. [A ]. Inc.. [ C ]. :, [ 6 ]Lorenz, E. N. D oes the flat of a butterflyπs w ings in B razil set off a tornado in Texas? 1979, Address at the annual meeting of the American A ssociation for the Advancement of Science in Dallas, Texas. [ 7 ]. [M ]. :, [ 8 ],. [M ]. :, [ 9 ]Haken, H. Preface. In E. Basar et al eds, Synergetics of the B rain, 1983, Sp ringer2verlag. [ 10 ] Christopher R. W illiam s & B ruce A. A rrigo. Law, Psy2 chology, and Justice: Chaos Theory and the N ew (D is) or2 der, 2002, State University of New York Press, A lbany. Phenom ena in L ife Science), 2003, NJ: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. L td. [ 15 ] R ichard A. Heath. N onlinear D ynam ics: Techniques and A pplications in Psychology. 2000, Portland, OR, Book news, Inc. [ 16 ]Nowak, A., & Vallaccher R. R. D ynam ical Social Psy2 chology. 1998, NY: The Guilford Press. [ 17 ] Sheldrake, R. Chaos, C reativity, and Cosm ic Conscious2 ness, 2001, Park Street Press. [ 18 ] Robert E. Kahn. Chaos theory, scientific revolutions and creativity in learning, In W. Sulis & A. Combs ( ed. ), N onlineard ynam ics in Hum an B ehavior. 1996, NJ: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. L td. [ 19 ] M ichael J. Mahoney and Amy J. moes. Com plexity and Psychology: Prom ising D ialogues and Practical Issues. In Frank M asterpasqua and Phyllis A. Perna ( Ed. ), The [ 11 ]V irginia B rabender. Chaos, Group Psychotherapy, and the Psychological M eaning of Chaos: Translating Theory into Future of U ncertainty and U niqueness. Guoup, Vol. 24, No. 1, [ 12 ]Marc D. Lewis and Natalka Junyk. The Self2organization of psychological defenses, In Frank M asterpasqua and Phyl2 lis A. Perna ( Ed. ), The Psychological M eaning of Cha2 os: Translating Theory into Practice. W ashington, 1998, DC: American Psychological A ssociation. [ 13 ]Charles S. Carver & M ichael F. Scheier. O n the Self2Reg2 ulation of B ehavior, 2001, Cambridge University Press. P ractice. W ashington, 1998, DC: American Psychological A ssociation. [ 20 ]Christian Scheier and Wolfgang Tschacher. A ppropriate A l2 gorithm s for N onlinear Tim e Series A nalysis in Psychology. In W. Sulis & A. Combs ( ed. ), N onlinear D ynam ics in Hum an B ehavior. 1996, NJ: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. L td. ( :) Non linear Sc ience and Its Applica tion in Psychology L I Xiao2p ing ( School of Educational Science, Nanjing Normal Univ., Nanjing , China) Abstract: For a long tim e, p sychology has taken the model of linear science as its theoretical foundation, aim ing to establish a simp le causation relationship with which to exp licate the determ inate discip line of human behaviors and to forecast its changing and developm ent. However, the linear methods are only valid in simp le system s and cannot be emp loyed to describe an open, changing and comp lex system. The nonlinear science p rovides an innovative way to understanding the real, comp lex system s. Because the essence of hum an m ind is nonlinear, the concep ts and methods of nonlinear science have been w idely valued by p sychologists and have been app lied in many p sychological fields. Key words: nonlinear science; comp lexity; the development of p sychology 88