eeljo: Cl>epouoa tkavotllta: KaTai\uTll~ ola~6pcpwoll~ ap~ovlkwv axeoewv TOUPlO~OU Kat nepl~amovto~.

Transcript

1 68 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO LenT. - OKTW13pLOe;1995 MsAi:r'1 roupiottkije; avanru~'1e; rcapaalakije; Kuvoupia<;, NOfJ. T. ApKooloe;, AYY8Alolle; M. - OIKOV0J.10U A. Kal SlfilKOi ouvepyaree;, MrAt:r'1 fi'1!-lloupy{ae; roupiutlkije; unoi5oj.1lje; rceploxlje; AorcporcoraJ.10u N. TplKaAwv, NOll. T. TPlKOAWV, AYY8Aiolle; M. - OlKOVOIlOU A. Kal elolkoi ouvepycm:e;, MeAtrq avamu~'1e;, rcpootaoiae; rcepl/36aaovtoe; Kal xpljoewv Yl']e; Nqoou IUpou. vnexoae I Avoll Xwpo TQ~ioc;, Ascher F., Tourisme - Societes transnationales et identitos culturel/es. UNESCO, Paris, fkoa<pll n. - AaYKArl K. - Ko13l3ooioe; A. - KpovTOvEAAlle; K. - naoxoall n., Emmwoele; oro rcepl/36aaov ano TI']V TOUPIOTlKq avarcru~i'], TEE, A6i)vo Dc Kandt E. (yaaa. EKO.), Tourisme - Passeport pour Ie diveloppement?, Publication conjointe de la Banque Mondiale et de I' UNESCO. (OyyA. EKOOOIl). Tourism Passport to development?, Oxford Univ. Press, Erbes R., Le tourisme international et,. economie des pays en voie de developpement, OCDE - Centre de Developpement, Paris, KOlliAlle; n., Toup/omcee; fjpaot'1piottjtee; - illepeuv'1 01'] avamu~lakwv fjuvatotqtwv. KEnE - 9&1l0TO npo YPOIlIlOTIOIlOU A10. A6i)vo XWPIKIj avoau0'1 TOU TOUPIOPOU, KEnE - EmOTTl 1l0VIKEe; lleae:tee; - 20, A6rlvo, OECD, The impact of tourism on the environment General report. OECD, Paris, npo lspoc; (rpllyoptoolle;): EUXOplOTouIle TOV K. Ayye MOll. ZIlTW OUYYVWllll VtO TllV unevsull101l TOU Xpo VOU. OAAO TO pu61lo nou exoulle npenet OUOTUXWe; vo TOV ouiltltuf;oulle. nopokaaw TOUe; OUVOOEAcpOUe;, XOPll KOKKW01l Kat AnOOToAO napnoipll va M130uv TO Mvo. Eivot ono TO TllrlllO nept13omovtoe; nov mottllllou AlYoiou Kat 11 etai)vllarl TOUe; exel SElla: «<I>epouoo tkavotilto: KO ToMTlle; OtOIlOPCPw01le; OPIlOVIKWV oxeoewv TOUptOIlOU Kat nepll3oaaovtoe;». eeljo: Cl>epouoa tkavotllta: KaTai\uTll~ ola~6pcpwoll~ ap~ovlkwv axeoewv TOUPlO~OU Kat nepl~amovto~. EIOTJYllTe~: x. KOKKWal1~, (Ph.D), A. napnai'pl1~ (Ph.D) TIl~lla nepl~aaaovto~ navemot1llll0u Aiyalou. napouolaotli~: A. napnaipl1~. Kupiec; Kat KI'JpIOt, eillat oivoupoe; on Il Konwoll eivot oe oaoue;!l0e; VVWOTfJ KOI SO emxetpr'low noau OUVTO!la va KOVW Til OIKrl 1l0U nopelll3ooll, Il onoio ohwote ooc; exf:1 1l0lpoOTe[ KOt oev 60 xpelootel va oae; KOVW IOloiTepll ovo<popo, OAAwoTe eivoi TOOO e~eloik ullevo TO 6illO Kat TO neplex0!l8vo TOU, wote 60 i)tov 1l0A AOV aolnoto oe Alva A nto vo nopouolootel. 1. EloaY(J)yi) To m::pll3ohov Kala TOUPIOIl0C; onon:aouv xwpie; all CPl130Aio TIe; veee; nopollttpoue; nou KUptOPXouv OTTlV ektilll101l KOee OVOTlTUf;loKrie; npwto13ouaioe; nou m xetpeitol Ta TeA utoio XPOVIO Il OTOXO TllV nototlkrl /3 ATiw01l Tile; ~wrle;. Ano TT] ilia llepulll cn,lselvldoll TIdV n plpauovtikwv OUV91lKWV TOU naavrltil Jlac; - Vries (1989), ouvenelo Tile; unep-ovotltuf;lle; KOt eklle TOAA U01le; TaU naoutonopoywvikwv TlllYWV, Kat ano TIlV OAAIl T] TpOJIaKTIKrl Jleye9uvoll TIdV TOUPIGTIKWV JI y 9wv - exouv rioll f;enepooei TO 400 ekotollllupio Ilovo at olesveie; ToupIOT e; - WTQ (1991) - &XOUV Ile

2 IETtT. - OKTWj3PlOe:;1995 TEXVlKa XpOVlKa 69 ooaaj3i!oel KaTaAUTlKa, l15taitepa OE I5IE8V e:; EninEl5o, OTTlV KaTaVOllall Tile; KpiallAlle; KaTOOTaOIle;, OTTlV &1 oaywy~ 1000UpWV &pyaaeiwv &A yxou Tile; avontu~ile; Kal T AOe; OTTl lspoiaoaoyiloil vewv lslax&lpiotikwv U nols&iyiaotwv nou &~aocpaail;ouv Til lslat~piloil TWV no A(mpwv nopwv TOU naav~til pae;. Eival nmov j3ej3ato OTI Tl KOIVWvia TTle; anokaaoullevtle; «aq>80viae;», EUTlllepiae;, aam Kal q>twxelae;, e~a8aiwone:; Kal EKIlETaAAEUone; av8pwnou ana av8pwno. I5EV Eival 15uvaTov va IlEvel nmov a15laq>optlllnpoota OTTl ouotrlllatiki! napa~iaoll Tile; avtoxr;e; TOU OIKOOUOT~paTOe; nou Ilae; nepij3aaaei I5EOOIlEVTle; Kal TTle; EYVE VOue; EmOiW~Tle; TTle; KaTavaAwTIKi!e; KOlvwviae; va e nekteivetal ouvexwe:;. H EVOEXOlleVTl &~ovtailoil TWV CPUOIKWV nopwv OE ouvouaollo IlE TTlV &nrklvlsuvotil Ta nou napattlpeital OTTlV eloaywy~ Kal Xpr;OIl Tile; Te XvoAoyiae; o15tlyei OTTlV avanoq>eukttl OUYKPOUon KOI unoj3a81llon TTle; naykoolllae; npoana8elae; OlaOWOTle; TTle; navapxoiae:; a~iae:; TTle; ~wtie; oe o.ti aq>opa TTlV aa ATlAEniOpaali TTle; IlE TO nepl~oaaov - Lindsay (1986). Eival YVWOTO Enione;, OTI Tl TOUPIOTIKi! I5paoTTlPtoTTl Ta. TO OuvalllKo q>atvoilevo TTle; enoxi!e; Ilae;, txel oup ~oael OlllAaVTIKO OTllv avantu~1l apketwv YEwypaq>l KWV xwpwv. neploxwv Kal KOIVWVIKWV Ta~ewv nopaa ATlAa IlE TIe; apvtltlkte; emopaoeie; nou OUXva npoko Aei e~ altiae; TTle; KaKi!e; i! aouvtoviottle; OlaxelplOTl Ktie; noaitiki!e;, KaTl nom YVWOTO OTflV ElIATlVIKi! npayllatikottlto nou eq>opj..lo~etol- Komillis (1992) -Ile ouvtnelo va unoj3a8ili~etoi 0 8ETlKOe:; poaoe; nou oq>ei AEI vo OlOOPOj..lOTi~el. IuvaKoAou8a Tl au~tlotl TWV lleye8wv nou napattlpeitalotfl Olap8pwon TOU TOUPlOTIKOU npolovtoe; (~ti TTlon, OlaKivTlon, npooq>opa) OXI j..iovo OTO noykooj..110 enineoo, aaaa KOl OTO EninEOo TTle; xwpae; j..iae;, e~ al Tiae; 15laq>opwv napayovtwv onwe; Tl au~l1on TOU eloo Oi!1l0TOe;, TOU EAEU8EPOU Xpovou. TWV OUYKOIVWVIWV. TTle; tvtaone; TTle; anaoxoatlone:;, TWV natlpwj..itvwv I5lo Konwv, allaa KOI TTle; punavone:;, TOU ayxoue; Kal YEVI KOTepa TTle:; unoj309lllotle; TTle; noiottltae; ~wi!e; KOl TOU neplj3oaaovtoe; loloitepa OTOUe; aotikoue; xwpoue;, t xel15lamotw8ei ana tpeuvee; KOI emj3ej3atw8ei ana na YKOOlllOUe:; opyavlolloue; (not. EE, OHE) OTI OTTlpi~e Tal anokaelotika OTTlV eakuotikotilta TOU nepl~aaao VTOe;. AUTO j..iae; unoxpewvei VO napouj..ie O,TlptTpa EVl5eiKvuVTal npokellltvou va anoq>euxsouv Ol apvtltl Kte; ouvtneiee;, ana TTlV avontu~1l Tile; TOUpIOTIKr;e; lspaotilplotiltae; Kal j..iaaloto va npoatlq>souv Ol ano OUVSETlKte; TaOele:; nou oyvi~ouv akoj..ltl Kat TO OUVO AlKO enineoo Tile; OIKovoj..liae:;. Me tvov TtTolO Kivl5uvo opato Kal Yla Til Xwpo j..iae;, Tl npoanasela lslacpuaa~lle; TOU n&pl~oaaovtoe;, nou ta K&I Kal avantuoo&1 TOV TOUPIOIAO, Oev j..inopei napa va anon~aei anokaelotiki! q>povtioa ouvexi! Kal enij..lovil, npokelj..ltvou va e~aoq>oaiotei Tl OlapKela Kal 01 SeTI Kte; emtttwoele; ana TTl Oleupuvali TOU. To j3apoe; Ka TO. OUV neio, evtoni~etal OTTl OlOIlOPq>Won KaTOAATl ATle; noaitikr;e; lslaxeiploile; TOU TOUPIOTIKOU npoi'ovtoe;, nou vo lleyiotonolel TIe; Wq>tAelee; Kat va eaaxlotonolei TIe; apvlltikee; EmTtTWOete;, KaTl nou 11 j3twoij..itl TOUPI OTlKi! avatttu~tl Olooq>aAi~EI. Avaj..leoa OTa xpi!ollla. KaTa Ttl YVWj..Ill Ilae;, epyaaeia OXEOiaOIle; Tile; ~IlTOUllevTle; noaittktie; Yla Ttl xwpa j..iae;. eivolll oe vtee; KO-. TEu8uvoele; ava~i!tllon TWV noiotikwv Kal noootikwv OTOIXEiwv nou Sa ej..lnaoutioouv TIlV Ellnelpia (VToma Kal Ole8vi!) KOI SO unoj30tlsi!00uv Til AliljJll anoq>aoe WV. H ypi!yoptl avamu~1l TOU TOUPI0110U OTIl Xwpo Ilae; (npoana8ela ouoiaotiko 25 Xpovwv) ouvouaolltvtllle KaiplEe; EAAeiljJele; npoypallllotioj..lou, oxel5laoj..lou KOI ookllone; eaevx0j..levtle; OVaTtTU~laKi!e; 15poone;, Ilae; t q>epe I5UOTUxWe;, nplv ana TTlV OUOloOTIKi! ono~tlj..liwall TWV npoano8elwv Iloe;, OTO onlleio va Klvl5uveuou IlE akoiltl Kal ana yeltovikoue; npooptoj..loue; VO xoooulle o,tllle Suoiee; Kal KonoUe; XT[oaIlE IltXPI Twpa. 2. Hlata T"Ie; cptpouoae; IKaVoT"ITae; H emaoyi! TOU stllotoe; TTle; xwplki!e; cpepouoae; IKavOTIlTae; Yla TOUpIOTIKr; avantu~1l (cj)ita), evtoooetal OTTl ouvxpovil TOOTl al1eooteptle; ellnaoki!e; TWV epeu VllTWV - Pearce (1989) - Kat OTO Xwpo Tile; TOUpIOTlKi!e; avotttu~tle:; onou. j..ieto ana Ilia nepiooo 30 etwv. TO OnOKaAOUj..IeVO «q>alvollevo» TOU TOUptOIlOU exet 1511 j..iloupyi!oet Ilta oetpo ana npoj3alil1ato onwe:; Tl Y&WypacplKrl aviookatavopr; TTle; KOt Tl ouvakoaou8tl xw POXPOVIKr; unepouyktvtpwoil TOU TOUPlOTlKOU npol OVTOe;, nou anottouv avaauon KOTO tvo OUOTllllaTlKO KOI neptektlko Tpono Ka8we; Ot apviltikee; &nrmwoele; TOOO OTO nepl~oaaov TWV TOUptOTIKWV neploploilwv, 000 Kal OTO &nin&lso IKavonoillOIle; TWV t15iwv TWV TOUptOTWV l5ev 0PYlloav va unepkomljjouv TO onota 0 q>tatl 15TllltOuPYlloe, ouxvct 1l0Kponp08eolla, 11 TOUPl OTlKi! avotttu~ll- KOKKWOTle;, napnoiptle; (1992), 'ETol eml5lwketal ana Ttl Ilta j..iepto 11 OUllnAtiPWon KOI npoaywyti TTle; onw015nnote q>twxi!e;. j..itxpt ai)j..iepa. t peuvae; Kat Tl KaTaVOTlon TTle; onj..laoiae; TOU TOUPlOTI KOU q>atvollevou OXt j..iovo oe oxton Ile TOUe; TOXUTO TOUe; pusj..ioue; avotttu~i!e; TOU OE noykoolllo enineoo, aaao Kal mo ntpa oe oxton Ile TIe; olleoa i! tj..llleoo ollatlaoe~optwllevee; 1l0pq>te; Kat AetTOupyiee:; nou OUV Shouv TO OUOTTllla ov8pwnoe; - Xwpoe; - avomu~1l - Vernicos (1985) - KOI ana TTlV aaalllleptct 11 anokoauljjtl TTle:; oxi:one; nou unopxel OTa Tpia enin&lsa napaywyr;e; TOU TOUPIOTIKOU npo'iovtoe; -l;r\ti')oi'). lslakivl') Oil. npoocpopa - Kat OTIl ouvokoaou811 ouilj3oai! TOUe; OTle; &KcpOVO&Ie; TOU TOUPIOTIKOU cpalvolaevou onwe; eival 0 «KopeopOe;" Kat Ttl cptpouoa IKavoTIlTa Yla TOU PIOTIKrl avomu~1') - Coccossis, Parpairis (1990), (1992). H Olaq>alvOj..levll 15laouvl5eoll TOU TptnTUXOU l;r;tlloll lslakivlloll - npoocpopo IlE TO OTolSla TI')e; TOUpIOTIKr;e; &~eai~ile; Kal j..ie TO cpalvopevo TOU Kopeopou 8ewpti SIlKe KaSopIOTIKi! Kal avaykaia npoonoseon ova~n TTlOTle:; TOU naaloiou TTle; lita KOI q>uolkct anottaeoe onj..lavtlko eq>aatnplo yta TTlV avctauon KOI TeKj..IIlP[won TWV noploj..lcttwv Tile; nopouone; Etai)YTlone; npo08em 11 aaatlaet;apttlotl TOUPIOIAOU Kal n&p.~oa AOVTOe;. Entj3aAe TTl OUOXtTlali TTle; Ile TTlV KPIOlj..lOTTl Ta TOU neptj3amovtlkou npoj3anj..latoe; oe noykooj..110 eninel5o, allaa Kal oe TomKO KaSWe; 11 lita we; epyaaeio I5laxeiplone;, txel Kupla lslaouvls&ol') IA& TO n&pl~oaaov

3 70 TeXVlKa XpOVlKa Iem. OK1'wPptoe;1995 Kal TOUe; noalitiiioue; nopoue; TOU, 1'OUe; onoloue; Ka AehOl va npocnatelll&l, aval5&il;&1 Kal npopoaa&1 KaTO evav aoipam Tpono IJEaa ana 1'a opla nou Ba npoal'llopiael Kal 1'OUe; KaVOV&e; nou Ba npozilaypaljjet Yla va XPIlOlIJOnOlllBouv ana 1'OUe; «npwtaywviotee;» Tile; TOUpIOTIKIle; avontul;lle; (1'oupia1'ee;. npak1'opee; 1'a~ll'llwv. TOmKO nallbualjo. opyavlaljoue; Kal 1'OntKOUe; q>opeie; A~IjJIle; anoq>aaewv) Ka1'a 1'llv nopeia 1'1le; 1'OUplerrlKne; avamu~lle; - Me Elroy (1987). H napouaa &PIIIlV&ia npoanabei va Ziwael anav1'naele; crra mo Ka1'W evl5&iktiko epwtllllata av1'awv1'a<; errolxela - anol'lei~el<; ano 1'0 auvl)uaaljo IJlae; 8&WPIlTIKqe; T&KIIIlPiwollC; ana ill IJla ljepta Kal napouaiaalle; e Jlnelplwv ano 1'0 l)tebvn. ljeaoyelako Kal eaallvlko xwpo ana Tllv amil - napnatpll<; (1993): Ynapxel KanOtO neploplotiko OTolxeio OTIl lieye8uvall Tile; lipaotilpic)tiltae;; Ynapxel l)uvatotl')ta errou<; napal)oolakoue; Toupla TlKOU<; npooplaljoue; va Enwq>eAIlBouv ana 1'1<; vbe; TOO&Ie; Kal 1'0 l)0ijouijevo veo nporov; nolo Elval Kal noaa ea ZilapKEaEt TO veo TOUPIOTI KO npoiov; It al')ljaivel apaye IJla 1'e1'Ola npoontlkn yta TOU<; xwpoue; nou eljq>avi~ouv tl)laltep01'l')1'e<; Kat nepi!3aaaov1'lkn EualaBl')aia; nlo Ell)lKa emxelpeital l') a~lonoillol') 1'11<; npoilyilbeiaa<; - auxva aljq>ta!3iltouijevil<; - ElJnElpiae; 1'11<; epeuva<; l'ltaq>opwv OIjJEWV TOU TouplailKou q>atvoljevou. 6nw<; eivol au1'o Tl')e; IPepouoae; IKavoTIlTac;, npokel IJEVOU va l)oijilbei Eva lie80150aoyiko naaiolo nou va ljae; uno!3ol')ba atl')v ektiljllol') TT)e; XwpIKI\e; CIlepouoae; IKavoTIlTae; Yla TOUPIOTIKI\ Avomul;ll (CIlITA), avti va ekq>po~et IJla peatiotil TOOIl l'luvoijevil va XPl')aIIJOnOll')BEi crrt<; nolklaee; OXEl'llaerrIKe<; Kal l)taxelplerrikee; l'llol'llkaaie<; IJE 1'l') 1J0pq>tllJta<; evlaiae; IPoPIIOuAae;. 3. Mt806oAoYIKO uno~a8po tktiljr)or)c; Tr)C; Cl>ITA eewpribilke XPtlOlIJO va napouatacrrei El)w neptal')ml Ka, ama 1'aUTOxpova: a. Mia el;eaiktikil 8cwPIl01l TT)e; TOUplerrlKtle; avomu ~l')e;. EV1'oni~ov1'ae; Ta l'llakptttka OTolila I IPOO&Ie;, ill lilop8pwoll TOU 1'OUpterrlKOu npoiov1'oe; Kal auvako AouBa TOU KUKAou (wile; 1'OU np0'iovto<;. Kal 13. MIG OUYKPITIKI\ 8cwPiloil TWV KUptOn:pwv oljj&wv TI1<; 1'OUplerrIKne; l'lpacrrl')ptotil1'ae;. 1'WV 1I&8015wv Kal I5lal5lKaolwv npoaeyyiol')e; TOU q>alvoljevou. 1'WV E mntwaewv nou EXOUV napatilpilbei Kal 1'WV noai1i KWV nou EXOUV l)taxpovtko XPIlOl\JonoIIlBei errllv Ka Bol'l~Yl1Ol') 1'1le; 1'OUpterrtKne; avamu~ile; H avoykl') op8pwoilc; TOU pe90150aoyikou naaloiou c KTiJlI'lOIle; Tile; CIlITA IlE EniKEV1'pO Tl') l)lepeuvl')ol') TWV l'ltaq>opwv OljJewv 1'OU 1'OUplerrtKOU q>alvolltvou - pol\, liialloplpwoil npojovtoc;, OTaBla I q>oocie; avamul;lle;, & mmwoele;, K.An. - Elval q>avepn. KaBw<; 1'OTOUplerrlKo q>olvof,.levo napouola~etal aav K&VTPOIPUYO apxi~ei a no eva Ol')IJEio - nupnva Kat erral'llako EnEK1'ElvETOlIlE ncplipcpclakili5100taoi'l. IuvaKOAouBa 11 ncplipepcla ano1'eaei (wtiko naaloio 0 nou IJnopei va emxelpilbei 0 AeYXOe; Tile; cl;aokoullc Vile; ni&ofle; ana TT)v 1'OUplerrlKn uncpouykivtpwejll 11 0 noia y[ve1'al Ile l5uvoiiiki\ Kat noauouaa&ktikq \ KalBpaoq evw 11 ToupiOTIKq 15paOTIlPIOTIlTa e\jq>avi~el \Jla TOOIl aaaila&nil5paoqe; TWV OTaTIKwv (neploxte;). l5uvalllkwv (TOUpterrlKn ayopa 1'1le; npoaq>opa<; Kal1'll<; ~n1'l')ol')c;) Kat &nakoaou8wv errolxeiwv (onwc; eivol Kat 11 E~e1'a~OlJeVIl I1>ITA) Tl')C; 1'OUptailKne; avantu~ilc; - Dragicevic (1990). H EntAeye[aa IIc80150Aoyia l)ivei eljq>aol') errl')v KaTaypo"l\, avoauoll Kal npopoal\ 1'WV nailpoipoplwv nou axeti~ov1'al lje Tl')V av8pwmvil oullncpilpopa, 1'0 Xpo VO. Til l'lpaerrl')pi01'ilta. TO xwpo (nopouc;) Kal ill ycwypaipikil &votilta. llive1'atl'lilaal'ln npotepalotl')ta crroue; nopoue; Kal OXt errou<; xpqonc; (TOuplerrEe;), Kat Ol')lJaa[a errllv npooipopo Kal OXt errll ~TI'101'1, evw entxetpei1'al EVEPYOno[l')Ol') 1'OU TomKou nail8uoiiou, ll'llaitepa TOU \J1l a ljeaa ElJnAEKOIJEVOU KOl 0XllloVO TWV napayovtwv Tile; TouplerrlKnc; ~n1'l')ol')<;. Iav npootyylollllnopei va BE WPl')BEi 01'1 paa[~etal ae IJta loopponllilevil IIcil;ll TWV yvwerrwv lleb6l'lwv oxel'llaa\jou TWV nopwv, Tile; I5pa OTIlPloTIlTae;, Tile; OlKovolliae; Kal Tile; av8pcdmvlle; ou IIncpIIPOpoe;. IuvomlKa 11 npoaeyyiol') TT)C; I1>ITA nou EnlAexBIlKE l3aai~etal OTT) BEwpia 1'WV auerrtwatwv npokelllevou va EnmJxel IJla EaW1'EpIKTJ l'llaauvl'leol') Kat va EKTlllTJael TIC; lepapxlko neplaa01'epo KpIOlIlE<; emmwaelc; ana TT)v TOUplerrIKtll'lpaOTT)ploTl')1'a. H npoaeyylol') axet[ ~ETalIlE 1'l') auykpott)ol') TOU avilnpoawneu1'ikou aq>al PIKOU auerrn\jato<; ana 1'a Tpia unoauan;\jata AOYlKO (q>ualko). avbpwmvo Kal OlKOVO\JlKO. IuvaKOAouBa. errllv napouaa npoaeyylol'), 11 I1>JTA a V1'IIlETWni~eTOl aav: TO OPIO nou avtavokao TIe; ouvlotcdoce; &VOC; OIPalpl KOU ouotqpatoc; nou ouvti8&tal ana n vr& ouxva Pll cu15lokplta unoouotl\pata - OIKOAoYIKO, noaitiotiko, KOIVWVIKO I IIIuxoAoYIKo, KTIOIJeVo I ov8pwnoycvcc; -IlE ill aelpa nou avaq>epov1'ot ana Ol')\JaatOAOYIKtl Kal\JO VO anoijjl'). 4. 8wpr)TIKa npooeyylor) 4.1. EVVOIOAoYIKOc; npoo5loploljoc; o EVVOIOAOYIKOC; npoal'lloplailoc; Tile; IPcpOUoae; IKO VOTI'1Tae; evo<; xwpou e\jnepltxel avanoq>euk1'a TT) l'llaerraol') 1'l')V onoia npoal'lil'louv 1'a «eil'll') " 1'OU neplpaa AOVTOe; Kal auvakoaouba Ol ellq>avlabeiaec; npoaeyyiael<; avtavakaouv TIlV OnTlKn nou 11 l'leooilevl') em OTT)\JOVtKn BewPIlOl') TOU auykekpl\jevou «eil'loue;" neptpamovto<; ekq>pa~el, EiTe avaq>tpetcli errll «peati OTIl au1;1l01l» 1'OU nailbuallou. eite OTT)V «noloti'1ta TOU n&plpoaaovtoe;» eite OTT)V «IKovonoilloll ov8pcdnlvwv avoykcdvl> lje Til \JOpq>tl jjnoiotilta l;wqe;» nou va auv Ziua~eIIOTOpIKie;, xwpldc;, KOIVWVIKOOIKovopIKee;, 150 plde; Kal ncplpaaaovtikic; napopctpouc; yvwpi~ov1'a<; 01'10 auvouaa\joe; 1'OUC; napayel tva l5uvaljlko OUOTIllola Kal aav 1't1'OIO 15UaKoAa neptypaljjt\jo \Je aclq>n Kat

4 IEm. - OKTWl3ploe;1995 TEXVIKa XpOVIKa 71 npoka8opi0ilevo TpOnO Ka8we;: a. npoacpep 1 eva naaiolo 6Iax iplal')e:; TWV T XVIKWV, aaao Kal KOIVWVIKWV mbuljlwv Kal avavkwv, K CPPO~ I TIe:; XWPIK e:;, npoakalp e:; Kal TOmKEe:; 61a GToa le:; TI')e:; cpepouaae:; IKaVOTI')Tae:; Kal 13. npoacpep 1 KaTaVOI')OI') TWV noaitikwv GTOXWV Ka Bwe:; Kal eva B WPI')TIKO un06 IVlJa nou IJnop 1 va XPI')OIlJonOII')B i oav poal') 6IalJoPCPWOI')e:; IJ B060Aoviae:; a~loaovl')ol')c; auvk KpllJevwv emaovwv noaiti KqC;, ama Kal oav YEVlKEe; Evt5Ei~Ele; TOU npoe; Ta nou mwaivel TO augti')ija - novw q KOTW - Kal OXl ava YKaGTlKa TOU noao noau Kal nooo ljakplo, KaTO OUvEnEla, Evae; EntXElPl1olaKOe; npoot5loploiloe; TI1e; q>epouoae; lkavoti1tae; 1.lnopEi va ElVal: H untppaol') TWV avtoxwv evoe; «neplpoaaovtoe;', ae T TOIO pabljo nou 0 opvavlaljoc:; TOU 6ev elval O Btal') va unogtei xwpie:; avenavopbwti') KaTaaTpocpq, neplr Telee; Kal avembuiji')t e:; aabevelee:;, onwc; TaXUT PI') aacpu~ia, OAOKAl')pWTIKq cpiljwoi') Kal neplpaaaovti Kq avatponq. np008eta 11 t5laxpovlkrl t5iepeuvi1oll. Entl3El3alwvEl Tl1 8tOll OTII1 YEvlKa anot5ektr1 plwalljl') I autoouvtl1pou IlEvl1 TOUPLGTIKr1 avamu~l1lllae; nepioxr1e; - aelq>oplkti avomu~11 (sustainable tourist development), anattei Tllv laopponl') Xpqol') TOlV OlKOAOYlKWV. KOlVOlVlKWV I l\juxoaoylkwv. OIKOVOIlIKWV. noaitigtikwv Kal t5oililile YOU nepll3aaaovtoe; nopolv. H 8EOll autti Ilae; napanellnel GTOV npoot5loplollo Tile; <l>ita oav TO: MtYlGTO enine60 xpqal')c; TWV neplpaaaovtikwv nopwv lje TO onoio 6laacpaAi~eTal I') 61aTIlPll01IJOTilTa Kalil nolotilta TWV nopwv, TI')e; cpqljlle; TOUC; Kal11 IKavonoi Ilall TOU XpqGTIl - emaktmll, Via tva ljevoao XPOVIKO opi~vta. To EpwTlllla TOU nwe; 8a EntTEUX8EL 0 npoot5loploiloe; TOU IlEyiGTOU oplakou Emnet50u (IlE80t50e; Kat TEXVl KEe;) EKTiJ.l.IlOlle; Tile; 1J0pq>qe:;, tvtaollc;, KAilJaKae:; Kal 610pKelae; XPqalle:; TWV nopolv EntXElpEiTal v' anavti1 8Ei nto KaTOl IUOTrU.JaTIK~ 5ol.loA&ITOUPYIK~ npoo&yy10i1 HEntl3El3atOlIlEVI1 amilaenit5paoll Kat 11 t5laq>atv0j.l.evi1 t5laouv15eoll nou napatilpeital avalleoa GTO Tpimuxo ~qtllall - 61aKivilail - npoacpopo Kal OTa ot061a Tile; TOUPIGTIKqC; e~ai~ile; (poee;. KUKAOe; l;olr)e;. KOpEOIlOe;) Entl3OMelonOle; Entt5IOlX8Ei 11 aval;titi1oll Kat TOlV npoot5l0pigtikwv EKEivOlV GTOIXEiOlv Tl1e; <l>ita nou OXETil;o VTatllE Tl1 t50llrl Kal Tl1 AelTouPVIKIl 6uvapIKq TOU TOU PIGTIKOU KUKAWJ.l.aTOe; - napnatplle; (1992). 'Eva ana Ta mo avtlnpooolneutlka napat5eiyllata TOlV OUVEnElWV Tile; 601J1Kqc; Kal AelTouPVIKqe:; a6uvaljiac; TOU TOUPIGTIKOU npoiovtoe; elval 11 unepkoaul\j1l Tile; XwplKqe; Cl>ITA Kalil epq>ovlall TOU cpalvopevou nou a nokaaeital «KopeapOe;. two l3aolka aitta Sa Ilnopouoav v' avaq>ep8ouv oav nto avtlnpooolneutlka ou GTaTtKa Tile; t5laj.l.0pq>ololle; TOU q>olvoilevou: a. 0 ul\jilaoe; t5eiktl1e; OUVK VTp(I)OIlC; Tile; ~Tllal')e; a no TIlV anol\j1l TOU XWPO-XPOVOU, Kat 13. H at5uvaj.l.ia KaTavolJlle; Tile; ~Tllalle; GTIl t5laotar B A~-4--~---r--~-- ELK. 1. KUKAoC; (wryc; TOU TOUPIOTIKOU npol'ovtoc;. Oll TOU xwpo-xpovou. H l3aolkti unoseoll TOlV unot5elyllatolv TI1e; TOUPlGTI Kr1e; avamuf;lle; Eival OTt TO TouplaTIKO npoiov (neploxti rl ouykekplllevl1 EYKaTaoTaol1, unl1peoia) avamuooetal t5laxpovlka Kat akoaou8ei ilia nopeia nou nepvq ana 5 nepinou at061a - Coccossis. Parpairis (1992) - Kupla xapaktilplgtlka TOlV onoiolv ELval KaTa oelpa 11: 1. avakaaul\j1l Kal anoyeiololl, 2. avamuf;1l - IlEye8uvOll. 3. OlpillavOll - GTaSEponoilloll. 4. KonOlOll KOpEOIlOe;, Kal TeAOe;, 5. napaklln ti avaveololl 4.3. nepipaaaovtik~ npoo&yy10i1 Ano Til t5laxpovikn SEWPIlOll Kal Til t501l0aeltoupylkti npooeyyloll TOU SellaTOe; Tile; <l>ita. TO l3aolko Ilrivulla nou npoekul\je OXETlKa IlE TOV npoot5loplollo TI1e; ELval OTl, KCt8E npoonasela Sa npenei va OUOXETil;El ana TI1 Illa naeupa TIe; OUOlaGTlKee; enirtwo Ie; TOU TOUPIGTI KOU epalvoljevou novw GTO neplpciaaov, Kat ana TI1V amil naeupa TIe; avtigtoixee; EntmWoEle; TOU it5tou n pipciaaovtoe; ato nt8avo TOUPIGTIKO npoepia. nepibaaaoni ~ FOYP'IT'KO npo+on H ef;etaoll Tile; aljepi6poljlle; autr)e; axcal')c; Ilae; napanellnet GTI1V avayki1 61 p UVllal1e; Tile; <l>ita GTa naaiola TOU xwpo-xpovou, npoektillilolle; TOlV nt8avwv t5u ValllKWV ahaywv TI1e; t5oj.l.ne; TOU uq>lotallevou ou GTtillaTOe;: epuall- QvBpwnoe:; - Vernicos (1985), (1991) - GTO nepaolla TOU Xpovou. npoi3ael\ji1e; TOlV nt8avwv anoteaeollatolv Kat TeAIKa auvkplal')e; TWV m9avwv e mntwa wv - Beltram (1991), Costa (1992). 'Eva unot5eiylla nou anotunwvel Tl1 8EIlaTlKti amilaenit5paoll TOUPIOPOU - neplpoaaovtoc; Kat nou apxlko XPl1olllonoltiSIlKE, oav EPyaAeio, Yla TI1V avoauoll TWV OIKOVOIlIKWV - nepll3aaaovtikwv npol3al1llcltolv Eivall1 apxri Tile; loopponiae; TI1e; UAIle; (materials balance principle), nou onwe; ELval q>avepo Eq>apllol;eTat Kat OTIlV nepintololl Tile; TOUplGTIKrie; t5paoti1ploti1tae;

5 72 TeXVIKa XpOVtKa Iem. - OKTW/3PIO~ (oav OIKOVOl.ltKO UnOoUOltll.la). LUI.l<PWVa I.le TO e~elistkeul.levo yta TOV TOUptOI.l0 unoisetyl.la 01 emmwoel~ TOU TOUptOIJOU eivat Teooapwv Tunwv: a. napaywyti - emmwoet~ OlOU~ nopou~. Ic..._.._......_ c:a. /3. KaTavaAwOfl - EmmwoEa~ OTOU~ nopou~. y. napaywyti - EmmwOfa~ unonpo'iovtwv. 15. KaTaVO:AwOfl - emmwoet~ unonpoi:ovtwv. LTa naaiota TI1~ n&plpaaaovtiktle; npooiyyioile; Tile; $ITA, 11 ava~titi1ofl TWV /3amKwv napayovtwv nou ista IJOP<PWVOUV Til is taistkaola 9a npem:t va emkevtpw9d OTl~ KaTl1yople~ ana TI~ onoie~ TO nept/3aaaov, oav OUOTI1I.la, ouvtigetal Kat aaai1aoouoxeti~etat oe ouvisuaoljo lje TI1V al.leol1 ti eljljeofl oulll3oati TWV napa YOVTWV autwv. ana anoljll1 emmwoewv, Oll1iSlalJop <PWOfl TOU TOUPIOlIKOU npo'iovto~. H npooeyyiofl nou npol1youljeva avamux9l1ke. analtd oaokailpw... tvil Kat ouotil...atikit an&ikovioil TWV l3amkwv napayovtwv Kall5uvaTOTI1Ta a~iomoli1~ ektliji1ofl~ TWV ljakpoxpovlwv Kuplw~ ouvemawv avomu~l1~ TOU TOUPIOIJOU navw OTOU~ OUYKEKPIJ.lEVOU~ autou~ napayovte~ oe OXEol1lJe: 1. TI~ IlSlalT&pOTIlT&e; KaB& n&ploxite; (nopou~), 2. TO XWPIKO Kat XPOVIKO enlneiso oxe61aoijou Kal Ti: AOe;, 3. TO l;i1touijevo TOUPIOTIKO npo'iov (hard-soft) Kat TO ouvakoaou90 Kudo ~tle; TaU. 01 napayovte~ KaTO KaTl1yopla, Yla hoyou~ TexvtKOU~ IJnopel va ouijmux90uv ETOI WOle v' anoteaouv OlJaiSe~ «npotuna» yta TO Tpimuxo ~TIlOIle; -lslakivllolle; - npoo<popae;. To TeAEuTalo enlneiso EXEt Ta akoaou 8a npotuna: OIKoAoYIKa, KOlvwvlKa IljJuXoAoYIKa, oypa<pIKO, noaitiotiko, unolso....;e; I avwlso...ite;, ou... ",&TOXIKOTIlTae;, &KnailS&uOIle;, opyovwoile;, ox&lslao...ou Kal ISlax&iplolle; laxpovlK~ 8&wPl'Jol'J Le OXEOfllJe Tl1iSlaXPOvtKti e~eat~11 TIle; IJE90iSoAoyiae; Ka80plOIJOU Tile; 4>ITA I5tamOlwvOUIJE OTt TO /3amKo IJtivulJa EOltal;eTat OlI1 I5tepeUvl1Ofl Tile;...&AAOVTIK';e; &IKOVae; IJta~ TOUptOTIKtie; neploxti~ oe OXEOfl lje Tl~ aaaayte; nou m8avov va IJEOoAa/3tioouv dte oe ava <popa npo~ TIlV KUKAIKoTIlTa (Kudo ~tle;) Tile; TOUPIaTlKite; n&pioxtle; napnaiptle; (1992), (1993) - dte oe ava<popa npo~ TIe; aaaayi:e; aaawv E~WYEVWV Kuplw~ ljetal3atltwv TOU OUOT';",aTOe; av8pwnoe; I CPUOIl - Vernicos (1987). Iav OUVEnela Tile; TEAeUTaia~ islanl OlWofl~, Mo npooeyyloel~ EXOUV Kuplapxtioel OlO lje 80iSoAOytKO npooisloptoijo TI1~ 4>ITA: a. Opocpte; anols&ktou &nlntlsou unop08""olle; TaU n&plpaaaovtoe; Onwc: auttc; npoolslopi~ovtal ana TIC; npotiji';o&ie; TaU TomKou nall8uo... ou. {3. Opocpie; anois&ktou &nlnilsou unop08",ioile; TaU n&plpoaaovtoe; onwe; autte; npoolslopi~ovtal ana TOUe; &nloktm&e; I ToupiOT&e;. Ano Tllv npol1yi1seloa neplal1mlkti em8ewpl10fl TWV Pr ElK. 2. Matrix nou OUVOUG~el OUaraTlKG «eio'1" TOU rrepl~gaaovtoc; Kal TIC; m6avec; emrrtwoetc; ana T11V avgmu~'1 TOU TOUP10llOU KaTG Nijkamp (1988). l3aoikwv unols&iy",chwv Kat...&801S0AoYIKWv npoo&yyio&wv nou EXOUV IJi:XPI miljepa avamuxgei oe O,TI a <popa TI1V EKTIIJI10fl TOU 9ElJaTO~ Tile; (J)ITA. EYIve avti ATlmO OTt ot npoon6:gete~ exouv xapakttipa IJOV06IaoTaTIl~ gewp1l0fl~, Kupta ana Til OKoma TOU emolij 1J0va - epeuvi1tij Kat KaTa «EI60e;" neptl3aaaovto~. OOlOOO. TO npo/3atllja Tile; anoteaeoljatikij~ emxetpl10lakti~ 4>ITA, analtd ljia OUVOAtKiJ SeWPI1OflI1 onola 6EV IJnopel va eivat amtl ana ljia noaulslaaratil npo otyyioil npokumouoa IJEoa ano Eva un06etyija lje nototlka Kat noootika xapaktilpiotiko Kal nou IJnopei va ek<ppaoet Til 60IJiJ TOU OUV8&TOU OUOT';",aTOe;, onw~ elvat 0 avspwno~ Kal TO nept/3o:aaov. BE/3ala, Eva TETOtO unoiselyl.la (nou oe KalJia nepimwofl oev anoteael navaketa) oev <palvetal nw~ IJnopd va isoljllsel eukoaa Ka8w~ 11 noaunaokotilta TWV nepll3aaaovtikwv ljeta/3antwv Kal 01 6uoKoAle~ nou npokumouv oe nooottkoue; opou~, KaSIOlouv TI~ npoonasete~ napaklv6uveuljevee;. na TO hoyo auto, aa AWOle, nomol epeuvtlte~ EXOUV ek<ppaoel IJEXpt mi IJEpa okemlktoljo yta TIlV e<papijoolikoti1ta TIl~ (J)ITA. 'ETol <palvetal istkaloaoyilijevo va aval;ilti1sei TO m Savo 1J0VTeAO EKTIIJI1Ofl~ TI1~ 4>ITA. hoi wole va Ka AUmet avoaoyee; analtijoel~ Kat va IJnopEi va /3aol Olei eire OlO apxika ISlaTunw...ivo...ovTiAo TWV Fisher Kal Krutilla (1972), nou IJnopd IJE KaTOAAI1Ae~ isleu SETiJoel~ Kal eljnaoutloijo TWV unoseoewv va <psaoet OlO EmSUIJTlTO OfllJeio npoooloptoijou TWV OUVSI1KWV Yla IJla aplotil XPtl01l TWV nopwv &VOe; TOUPIOTIKOU npooplojlou, eire OlI1 XP'lOllJonol'lo'l Tile; avaauoile; TWV &mntwo&wv (impact analysis), onwe; autije; TOU Nijkamp (1988). IJE TIlIJOP<PiJ IJla~ ljijtpae; lje Tt~ msavt~ emmwoele; (impact structure matrix) nou va ouv /)ual;eitou~ nepll3amovtlkou~ napoyovte~ TOU E~e Ta~olJevou ouolijllatoe; Kalilia dil.laka TWV m8avwv emntwo&wv 0& autoue; TOUe; napayovt&c; ana Tllv & niktaoil Tile; avomu~lle; TaU TOUPI0I.I0U 0& KonOlO & nl8ui.iilto &nln&lso. 'Eva TErOIO unolselyl.la l3aolollevo

6 :rellt. - OKtwl3ploe;1995 TeXVlKa XpOVIKa 73 I M A M I I A 1: 0 N A MI\w1; ELK. 3. IUoxeTIOT/ ettlne~wv cj>ita Kal enoxikott/rac;. oe evo naeyllo eni llepoue; epyoaeiwv (lleae.ee;. e peuvee;. ()eiktee;, Kpltr;plO, opxee;, o~iee; Kovovee; Kat standards) Eivat ()UVOtOV vo npompepel l.llo OAOKAIlpWllevll llaaaov nopa 'tilililotikr; EIKCWO tile; e~eta~o IlEV'1e; <l>ita. 5. AlanIOTli»atu; Meta ono t'1v npo'1y'1beioo neplalllltlkr; BEWPlltlKti KOI ellnelpikr; npooeyyiol"j tou toupiotikou q>atvollt YOU KOI el()ikotepo tile; Kpiolll'1e; ()UlOtOor;e; tou, nou oq>opa OtOv npoo()ioplollo t'1e; cptpouoae; IKavoTqTae; cvoe; TOUPIOTIKOU ITPOOPIOIJOU Yla va iscx8ci xwpie; ITeplpaUOvTlKrl islatapaxrl IJla ouykekplijevq TOUPIOTIKtl avo1ttu~l1, npol3ametat 11 onoitllol"j YIO tllv OVO~r;t'1 0l"J tou mo npoocpopou lleb060aoyikou naatoiou ektl Illlor;e; tile; MlO npwt'1610niotwol"j, ono til ()lebvti KOI eaa'1vtkti e ITIOKOITqoq Tqe; Cl>ITA, ovoq>epttol OtIC; aitalttloele; tou ouottiilotoe; tou touplollou (~r;t'1ol"j - 610Kiv'10l"J - npooq>opa) at O.tl oq>opa to yewypacplko xwpo Ileoa OtOV onolo IllO ouotqijat1krl IJe90iSoAoYIKrl ITPOOtYYIOq TOU 8tIJaTOe; Tqe; Cl>ITA oq>eiae:1 vo 610q>oponOleltOI (vll OIWTtKOe;, OOtIKOe;, aypotikoc;, opeivoe;, nopoai\lvioe;, nopaaiokoe;, Ileooyeloe; K.An.), Otle; IlhalTE:pOTI1T&e; TOU OIKOAoYII~OU ITeplpQUovToc; (OIKOAOYIKOi OXIlIlOTtoIlOI, noai'tiotikec; neploxee;), OTIlV lepapxikrl islaouviseoq TWV OIKIOTIKWV Kal TOUPIOTIKWV ouykevtpwoewv (e ~apt'1ol"j KtVtpOU - neplq>epetoe;, XWptKee; ()Ollte;), Ot'1 XWPIKrl aaaqaeiti6paol1 (uno15eiylloto Tof;l15iou, KOtavOllee; TOUPIOTWV OTO xwpo, nuaee; elo06ou - E~O()OU, Ileoo 15loKivTlOl"Je; K.An.), OtO OTo61a TOUpIOTIKrle; ava 1TTu~qe; KOI TOV KUKAo ~rle;, OtIC; Tooele; Tqe; q1tqoqe;, (pubiloi OU~T1Ol"Je;. xwpo - XPovIKee; KOtOVOllec;, 5uvatotlltEe;, E~EAIKtlKa ev6toq>epovto Kat onoittioele;). OTIe; 61aXPOVIKO 6lacpopOITOIOUlJevee; (veee;;) 1J0pcpee; TOUPIOIJOU KOI q>uoika OtO mo KPIOl\lO iowe; Bella tile; XWPOXPOVIKrle; OUYKtVTpwoqe; (TOupIOtIKee; ea~sle;, 0 nopayovtoe; T'1e; xpovoonootool"je;, '1 npoom:aool\lo T'1TO, to Ota610 wpillovol"je; TOU TOTtlKOU ouottiilotoe;, '1 npooq>epoillot'1to TexvIKtie;, TEXVOAOYlKtie; Kal KOlvWVIKtiC; un060iltie;) - Coccossis, Parpairis (1994). MIa iseurepq islaitiotwoq ovoq>epstol otllv ovaykil XPIlOillonoillollC; nov OUYKPlTlKWV otoixsiwv Kat nail POq>OPIWV nou OVTAouvTal ono!jeaene; ITeplITTWOewv. H ovaykili.uoe; 6l0XPOVIKr;e; TeKIlIlPiwOIle; ollllovtlkou OYKOU nailpoq>opiwv Kat ouvekt[\l'1olle; ASltOUPYIKWV onamioswv TOU ouottillotoe; npoksl\levou VO npokuljlsl a~iottlotil a~loaoyiloil KOta q>aoil ((3tilla - (3tiIlO) Kat \le 6UVOT0T'1TO XPIlOIIlOnOIIlOl"Je; nopeil(3otikwv Illl XOVIOIlWV KaTa Til 6laPKEla Tile; 1510I5lKooioe;, 1l0e; yei OtllV ova~titlloil evoe; uitoiseiyljatoc; KUKAIKOU napa ypa\llllkou npool5lopiollou TOU naolo[ou Tile; <l>ita. H eitoljevq islaitiotwoq anotunwvetat OT'1V npo(3a1l 1l0tlKti TOU oaokaqpwlj&vou oxeislaotikou Kal islaxel PIOTIKOU OUOTtllJaTOe; TOU TOUPlOtIKOU npotovtoe; Illae; xwplktie; evotiltoe; onou em(3aaaetal 1110 toutoxpovll Bswp'1Ol"J TWV TPIWV ouotatikwv TOU ouotilllotoe;. nou elvoi ~UVaIJIKoU, otatikou Kal eitakoaou8ou xapa KTtlpa KOI KOTa ouvenela OnatTOUv ilia ola<popetlkti npooeyylol"j Kal navtwe; Eva avtlnpoowneutlko Kat ou VOAIKO nao[oio Tile; toupiotlktie; ava11tu~ile; nou va Ilnope[ ono T' Ilepla vo 0ploBen:[ Til lita Tile; Ka Be XWpIKr;e; evotiltoe; KOt ono Tllv aaail va npo[3mm:t (npoektllla) TIlIlEAAOVTIKr; 01K0501l1l0r; T'1e; \le oocpa Aela YIO TO nepi(3aaaov T'1C; Kal \le EnapKEIO YIO TIe; e ~eaiktlkec; anamioele; Tile; ~r;tilol"jc; 01 npollyilbeioec; OUVTO\lee; ~lamotwoelc; Kat (300IKtC; aitaltlloclc; TOU OUOTtllJaTOC; KaTW and BewPlloll, em Ol"J\lavBIlKaV el5w nplv ana TIlV OVOAUTlKr; nopouoio 0l"J T'1C;!Je806oAoY1Ktle; ITPOTaOI'JC; ITop&!Jpaoqc; npo Kel\lEVOU va uno13oilbilbe[ 11 o1051koo[0 a~lomyilol"jc; TOU unooeiy\lotoe; Tile; otpotflyiktie; nope\l(3aolle; TOU OAOKAIlPWIlEVOU TptnTUXOU ITOAITIKtl - oxei)laolj0c; ~Iaxeiploq. 6. Ynoo&lypa &q1appoyitc; &VOC; naaloiou nap&ppaoilc; 'Onwc; ToviOtIlKe r;5'1, 11 ouoio TOU npo13ati\lotoe; npoo 610Pl01l0U Tile; ct>ita eykeitat OTO ouotq!ja TOU TOUPI OTIKOU oxe~laoijou nou \leta ono \lla TpaU\lOTlKli e \lnelp[a oe noamc; xwpee; - IOlaitepa Tile; MEooye[ou - Dragicevic (1990), Costa (1992) - E~EAiXBl1KE oe noi OTlKOU Kal nepl13oaaovtikou npooavotoaiojlou EPYO

7 74 TeXV1Ka XpOV1Ka Iem. - OKTWPP10~1995 Aeio Ka9ol)tlYIl0ll~ TIl~ TOUP1OTLKtl~ avamul;ll~. IuvaKOAou9a TO npotelvollevo unol)elylla J,le806o AOYIKOU naalcjiou ektij,lllalle; Tile;.,TA avacpepetal OTO auvoalko naalolo evo~ oaokailpwj,i VOU axe61aoj,lou, onou Ka90pli;eTal 11 nopeia TIl~ axe6laotikqe; nap J,I (iaolle;, 6101KIlTIKqe; Ka. 6laxelpl0TlKqe; nap J,I(iaolle;, OUlJlJeT0XIKOTIlTae;, ektiljlloil TWV enmycdoewv Kal Tile; mavatpocpo6ooiae; TOU OUOTqlJaTOe;. Emnpoageta, 11 npotelvo\..levll napelll3aoll npopaene Tal va eival ouvexqe; Kal e~eai~ij,l1l etal WOTe v' avtanokpivetalotil auyxpovll \..IOPCPJi tll~ OUYKPOTI1IJ VI1e; I (iicdoiiji1e; - ac.cpopou (sustalnabl.) avomu~e;, OTl~ ll)laitepotl1te~ TOU K6.ge yewypacplkou xwpou, Ka9w~ Kal OTIl lletapamollevl1 cpuoil tou tplmuxou OlTI1OI1-61aKivIl01l - npoocpopo. Mla emnaeov l)laotaoll TI1~ npotaoll~ napelll3aoll~ a vacpepetal OTO XPOVIKO opil;ovta \..Ieaa OTOV onoio 9a npenel va avtllletwnli;etal 0 oaokai1pwj,l Voe; oxe61a OIJOe;, 11 61axeipl011 Kal 11 emlltpou~ analtl1al1 tou npoal)loplallou tl1~ <l>ita. 'ETOl 01 avtiulljevlde; GUv8qKee; avomul;l1~ tl1~ touplatlkn~ l)paatl1plotl1ta~ (nopol, unol)o\..ltl, CPtllll1) auvl)uaalltvs~ Ile TO auykpltlko naeovtktt]lla (npoansaaalilott]ta, cpepouaa IKavOTI1Ta, nsplcpepelakri l)laauvl)eoll K.An.) elval l)uvatov \..Ie TT] XPOVIKq KAI J,lOKWOIl TT]~ napelll3aoll~ (ppaxu, \..Ieao, llakpoxpovlo opii;ovta) va npokamaouv Illa 61aocpoAl01l Tile; em BUIJI1Tqe; npoomlkqe; J,le XPOVIKq ljey 8uvOI'J TOU KU KAou ~qe;, anocpuyq TWV avembuljl1twv OUYKpouoewv K?I TWV avtiotolxwv evtaoewv onwc; TOU KOpeOJ,lou, aaaa Kal TWV appubf,llwv Kal TWV A ITOUPYIKWV 6u OA ITOUPYIWV. 7. Ynopoll91lTIKC pyaaeia lilaxtiplcjile; TOU un06tiylja TOe; 1J 9060AoYIKOU naalcjiou tktiijilcjile; TI')e; CIIITA OOToao, avsl;aptt]ta ano TT]v avayki1 slaaywyri~ evo~ ~nol)elyllato~ auvoalkri~ ektilll101l~ TT]~ <l>ita, KaTl nou onw~ CPOVT]Kt OTllv npol1yi1gelaa emakonnoll l)ev eival llilaitspa SUKOAO, to evl)lacpepov el)w entkevtpw Vetal OTT]v napoualaoll avaautika toov KPIOif,lWV napalj TpWV TOU ouotqf,latoc; nou avtlot01xouv OTt~ n VT& «KaTllyopiee;» ncpl(iaaaovtoe;, onou Koge yewypacplkri evotilta KOtW ano gewpl101l l)la9i:tel OXl a napaitllta tov il)io l3a9\..1o euala9i1ala~. H auoxttloll twv ukatl1yoplwv» tou nepll3oaaovto~ Ile Ta mbavo OT06la Tile; TOupIOTIKqe; avomu~l1e; (nivaka~ 1) nou 01 neplaaotepe~ TOUPlOT1Kt~ neploxe~ a KOAou90uv, 9a \..Ia~ enttpttjlel TT] XPovlKq 61ajUl81J101'J TT]~ nape\..ll3aoll~ ae O,tl acpopo til XPIlOlllono!IlOll toov en," 6wv Tile;.'TA, TIlV npooapljoyq TWV IJ TPWV pub IJIOIle; Tile;.'TA OTl~ ll)laiteps~ analtriaet~ tou K6.ge OTal)iou Kat TI1V enavatpocpo6ooia TOU ouotqljatoe; Ka90plO\..lOU tl1~ 4l1TA. Emnpoageta, 11 ilila auoxi:tioil 9a \..Ia~ POll9natl OTO va,evtomotei TO nto KpiolJ,lO OTa6lo tll~ toupiotikji~ avamufill~, TOU auykekpllltvou yeooypacplkou xwpou, nou avaykaotlko 9a analtei tllv na!ov evtovl1 Kat 0 lleoll l)pooll «noaltlotikri~ gepanela~». H l)eutepil auoxttloll TWV «KaTllyopIWV» TOU nspll3aaaovto~ yivetal Ile tov KuKAO ~';e; TOU TOUPIOTI KOU npoyovtoe; TI1~ el;etai;o\..lsvil~ neploxji~. 'Onw~ cpovllke nl)11 Kal OTI1V 1l)lain:PIl avacpopo OTO unokecpa Aalo nou eylve npol1youlleva, 0 l3a9llo~ oopi\..lavoll<; TOU toupiotikou npo'iovto~ anoteaei tl1v mo Kplallll1 nap0\..letpo Ka9w~ eival l)uvatov va emtaxuv8ei Ile auvinsta 0 touptottko~ npooptall~ va xoaet TT]V npoaeakuotikotl1to TOU Kat Kata auvenela tl1v emlilwko \..Ievl1 oocpeaela. H tpitll auoxetloll TOOV «KaTT]yoplwv» tou nepll3aaaovto~ yivetallls TI1V afiloaoyikji l)lootaoll tl1~ l)tal)ikaaia~ npootaoiae; TOU TOUPIOTIKOU npooploiiou. H teaeutaia OUoxeTlOll avacpepetal OTO Ka9sOTW~ tl1~ npootaoiae; OUYUKP11J VWV nopwv TOU nepl(iaaao VTOe; TT]~ yewypacplkji~ neploxji~ nou el;etai;etal, Ka 9w~, onoo~ eival YVWOTO, unapxouv nopol nou txouv UtjlI1AOl)eiKTI1 noautl\..lotl1ta~ Kal nou analtouv ell)iko KageOTW~ npootaaia~ onwc; auto tt)~ anoauti1e; anayopeuolle;, 0XeTIKqe; anayopeuoi1e;, eaeyxoljevl1e; a vantu~i1e;, evtatikrle; it Ti:Aoe;, olokai1pwlj vlle; avamu~i1e; Ito npotelvollevo unol)elylla (nivaka~ 2) yivetal ilia npoanogela auvgeoll~ twv mo novw avaautlkwv auoxetiaewv toov entnel)oov <l>ita Kal toov «unl1peolwv» n~pll3aaaovto~, Ile OTOXO va npokutjlel to avoaoyo e mnelio TT]~ <l>ita as K6.ge OTMlO toupiotikji~ avomu- 1;11C; nou tautoxpova v' avtanokplvetal ato pa9\..1o npootaoiae; TOOV neploxwv. OTOV KUKlo l;wite; TOU TOU PIOTIKOU npoyovtoe; Kal OTO eninel)o - TllJri al;loaoyi1 0Il~ noautl\..lott)tac; toov nopwv. To auott)lla toov analtjiaeoov tou npotelvollevou u nol)eiyllatoc; nalpvel eniollc; tt)v evaaaaktlkri llopcpji Illa~ noaunapalletplkri~ npoaeyyioll~ TT)C; OUYKPOTI1 1J v1le; I (ilwoiijile; avontu~lle; (nlvakec; 3 Kal 4) Kal npoal)lopli;el nola epyaaela noaitikqe; analtouvtal ae nolo auykekplljtvo OTOl)IO auoxetli;0ljsva lje tov KU KAo ~ite; TOU TOUPIOTIKOU npolovtoe; Kal TI~ ovtiotoixee; emntwoele; Tile; TOupIOTIKqe; avamu~l1e; TOU KoBe OTa6lou. <l>aivetal TeAIKO nw~ tva OIllJaVTlKO POAO OTI1 lilalil Kaala npoal)lopla\..lou twv entnu)oov tl1~ <l>ita \..Inope! va lilal)pa\..latiael enloll~ Kal to unol)ely\..ia TT]~ e\..lnel Pl~n~ -,noaunapa\..l~tpikric; ekt!\..ii101l~. onou OIlllavTL KOI «l)eikte~» afiloaoyi101lc; TOOV noautlljwv nopwv tou sfietai;0llevou toup1otlkou npoopla\..lou, npoacptpouv «\..IapTupi&~» yta to toup1ot1ko npocpia tl1~ neploxjic; Kal KaTO auvenela neplypocpouv avtlket\..lev1ko Tllv u cplotallevt) KatOOTaan tou nepll3aaaovtoc;. o nlvakac; 3 auvl)uao\..levoc; \..Ie to l)loypa\..llla I tou POJ,l-. pou - Ka8ptml1 tou toup1ot1kou npocpia, Ilac; l)ivel TI1V elko~a aav tkcppaoll tll~ l)uva\..likji~ toov Toaewv, \..Ie auveneta va l)leukomvetal, ae 0IlllaVTlKo13a9\..1o, 11 a filoaoyl1an tou naeov MK1\..lOU (KaTaMI1AOu;) emneliou tt)c; 4llTA nou 9a npenel va emaeysl Kal XPl1allJonOlT)ge! \..Ie OTOXO TIlV lkavonoll101l twv oxel)laot1kwv Kall)laxetpt0T1KWV OTOXOOV. H emaoyn toov avttnpoaooneutikwv..6eiktwv" tou nl

8 :rem. COKTWI3PlOC;1995 TeXVlKcl XPOVlKcl 75 \>W; Itl'oo,J.xoo'tuct.:; apno11'pl.~,. trit(ta"" ton EvaHax'tll(cIJV Iloppcbv TOOfI\tl}IOU tualc:tortrono(1)o'i1 JlCYtU.1l11f9\1W.vroU.oyurit 0\M1OI"fTOno(1)O'l1

9 76 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO rem. - OKiwllploC;1995 "EJL\Ol:" nepibaaaontol: KAJ KATHfOPJAl: nepioxon KOINONIKH 'llyxoaofikh ~ITA noaitil:tikh ~1TA OIKONOMIKII JITA

10 :rem. - OKTW!3PlO<;1995 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO 77 XPIIE11!E IdfA MOMMA loypimj: lovpiti1!t AlIJO. 1AI 1AI AOI1fDI IlItlWImIl; IlIlIEKl!IITI!1 MEWY /li'oe /li'oe mot OfOY AlW:XONIDI flah&\'tmo EIlXWINA.ITA KOJNONIKH IPYXOAOflKH.ITA.nOAl1'JI:T1KH If! If! If!.ITA If! If! If!

11 78 TeXVIKa XPOVIKa I.enT. - OKTWj3PIO~1995 so 40\ !\: I 30 1 _ _.., "'" r-.... II<. f.iuif.&w _..._. 10' '~...~1p1; L..--:- ---:- ---' ElK. 4. YnooelYJia auoxttlot/e; e~tal~t/e;!i>/ta, Kat em fttwaewv oroue; nopoue;. vaka 3 dvol EVOeIKTlKr; Kat EKq>pa~OUV TIlV aaailaenii5paol1 TWV ~aolkwv napayovtwv: ToupiOTe<; (xpfjote<;) - TOnlKO<; nailouoiio<;, xpijote<; - UnO~OllfJ / avw~oj.lfj, xpijote<; - i5latlb&j.levol noautlj.lol nopol, XPfJOTe<; / e IInelpia, XPiJOT&<; - oupm:pupopo, xpijore<; - WqI&A&la, TI1V &VTaol1 TI1<; XPiJoll<; TlI)V nopli)v, KaSw~ Kal Ta noi OTIKa, A&ITOUPYIKa Kal noootiko xapaktilpiotiko TOU~. o nlvaka~ 3 dvol enioll~ OUVOTOV va OU~nAIlPWSei ~e TOU~ avtiotoixou<:; uno~oilsiltlkou~ nivake~ onou 0 j!ablloc:: IKavonoil1ol1C:: TWV XPI10TWV (TouplOTe<:; - TOmK6~ nailsuo~o<:;, anaoxoaou~evol) nou npokljtitel a nd oely~atoallntikf;<: e:peuve<:;, XPllol~OnOteiTOl oav epyaa&io ektij.lllol1c:: TOU &j.ln&lpikou npoo~lopiollou TlI)V &nln&~li)v TI1<; <l>ita. 8. EniAoyo~ H napouoa neplailnnkl1 napouolaoll oev q>iaoool;el ~i~ata v' anavtr;m:1 el;avtailtlko OTa epwtl1~ata nou OTOV npoaoyo olatunwsilkav, OIJTe nom neploootepo oe ~ia oetpo amwv ouvaq>wv epwtil~otwv nou ei VOl msavov va npotasouv, OXeTIKa ~e TO el;eto~o~e: VO Sf;~a TIl<: <liita. Em~IlTel ~OVO TIlv 000 TO ouvatov avtlke:i~evtkote;pil OlaTunwoll TWV npoj!ai1j.1atwv TOU TOUptOTlKOU ou OTTII..laTO<:;, Ta &lino~la Kat Tt<: ~uokoai&c:: nou ~e:ooaa ~ouv OTllv epeuvllttkr; olaolkaoia npooiyyioil<: ~la<: ~ovo tkq>avoll<:; TOU TOUptOTlKOU <palvo~ivou, onw<: dvatll <liita, Til ouiipoail TIl<: ole8vou<: KOI eaallvikr;<: 8EWPllTlKr;<:; Kat e~nelpikr;<: npootvyloll<: TOU naololou TIl<:; <liita, Ka6w<: KOI TIlv napouoiaoll evo<: unoody~ato<: npoof;yyio'i"j~ TIl<:; <liita oav tva neolo ou ~r;tiloll<: ~la<: npoo8e:til<: ~aaaov napa autote:aou<: KOI ~OVOOlaOTOTIl<: npotao'l"j<: e<pap~oyr;<:. H otaniotwoll OTl 0 TOUPtO~o<:, oav tva olapkw<: lie TOj!aAAolJ&VO OUOTI1l1a aval.jjuxr;<:;, e:knaioeuo'i"j<:, Sepaneia<:, 69AIlO'l"J<:, e:vll~tpwoll<:, avtamaywv Kat OUvaAAavwv TOU av6pwnou ~e TO "nepi~aaaov" (q>uoll.. ov6pwno<:;), eivol ako~il iva «ayvli)oto avtlk&ij.l&vo», noaunaoko Kal evi5laql&pov, Kaiplo Kal KUPIO, OXe:TlKO ~e Til otaj3iwo'i"j, TIlV avclntul;1l KOI Til v npoooo TOU av 6pwnou, anokaauntei TOU<: A6you<: yta Til <ptwxr; ~t XPI Twpa evaoxoalloll TWV eloikwv Kat Tovii';el Til ouokoaia KaTa9e:oll<: ~la<: npotao'l"j<: nou va ola9ite:t ~LQ ouva~lkr; avoaovil ~e TO el;e:ta~o~e:vo TOUPtOTtKO OU OTIl~a. Me TIlV npooivvio'l"j TWV npoj3ail~atwv TOU TOUPIO~OU Kat TIlv Ka80or;V1l0'l"J TIl<: avantul;takr;~ TOU nopeia~ - oaokailpli)liivoc:: oxe~laoj.lo<; Kal ~Iaxeiploll - tylve npoonase:ta va e:vtomote:i 11 Kaipla anaitllo'l"j yta ~la ote:motil~ovtkl1 tpe:uva, olllve:kti e:vll~tpwoll navw OTl~ el;e:ail;e:t~ TOU TOUptOTlKOU ouotti~ato~ - ~TI'JOIl - ~lakivllol'j - npooqlopil - Ka9w~ Kal Yla ~ta ouve:xti napakoaou9110'1"j - e:navatpoq>ooooia TIl~ e:e;e:alktikti~ oo~ti~ TWV ouotatikwv Kal unoouotattkwv TOU ou OTti~aTo<:. EmO'l"J~aive:TOl OTt, ~txpi KanOIO O'I"J~e:io, npoona9r; oa~e va KaAUl.JJou~e: TO avtlkei~e:vo, TO nape:l;ilyil~tvo VIa noaaou~ oe: ne:ple:xo~e:vo Kat OKom~oTIlTa e: q>ap~ovti~ e:pvaae:io TIl~ <liita, ~e: olci8e:o'i"j ne:ptooote: po v' anokaaul.jjou~e: Tl~ OUOKOAie:~ - e:~noota TIl~ i ola~ TIl~ tpe:uva~ TOU 9t~aTo~ KaSoplO~OU e:vo~ naatoiou TIl<: <liita Kal TaU KaTaAuTIKOU TIl<; poaou OTI'J ~Ial,U)Pqlll)OI'J apj.lovikwv ox&oell)v TOUPIOj.lOU Kal n&plj!aaaovtoc:: KaTl nou Il j3lwot~1l avantul;1l anatte:i, napa va napa9toou~e ~Ia npotao'l"j oav navake:la e:ni AUO'I"J~ Kage avtiototxou npoj3ati~ato~, Kat ~aaiota KaTaAAIlAl1~ VIa Kci8e: TOUptOTlKr; ne:ploxr;. I.a~ e:uxaplotw nohu. BlpAloypacpia Beltram, G. (1991) Past, Present and Future Development in an Alpine Environment, International Symposium on Architecture of Tourism in the Mediterranean, Istanbul. Coccossis, H. & Parpairis, A. 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