et~a: TunOl ola(juvoeotl~ ~e (juvexe~ peu~a yla IT} ~etacpop6 naektpikn~ evepyela~.

Transcript

1 et~a: TunOl ola(juvoeotl~ ~e (juvexe~ peu~a yla T} ~etacpop6 naektpkn~ evepyela~. EOlWllTnc;: rwpvo~ r&wpvayt~';~, MH EMn, M.Sc. Systems Engineering, 1J1lxavlKoc; lleh. n&pia1'1.1tj Ynopxouv nsplntwos;: 6nou 11 lstaqlopo svepyslal:,: ls OUVSXtl:,: psulla (HVDC) sival 1l0vaOl<Tl smaovli as oxeon ls TlV lstoqlopo ls svaaaaooolsvo (HVAC), onwl:,: olaouvoeon OUOTlllOTWV ls OlaqlopSTtKel:,: OUxVOTnTS:,:, OlaqlopSTlKtl:,: qllaoooqlisl:,: smvxou l'j xpl'jon KaAwoiwv lsy6h.ou ll'jkou:,: Kal nsplntwosl1:,: onou TO OUVSXel:,: naeovektei anevavt 010 svaaaaooollevo. onwl:,: olatl'jpllon euolo8slal:,:, ypl'jyopol:,: naektpovko:,: eaevxol:,:, ln au~lon Tll:,: Olo81l1l1:,: 3paxuKuKAwonl:,:, anool3eon TaAavTwoewv K.h.n. :rnllelwveto OTl lleta TnV npwtl ooklllaolkl'j xpl'jon TWV Thyristors, nou eylve le Tlv avtlkotaolaon llal:,: l3aal3ioal:,: uopapyupou OlOV ouvoeollo Gotland TOV MalO TOU 1967, akoaou8noe payoaia S~eA~Tl TWV Thyristors, etol wole ol'jllepa va eivat 0la8eOlila Thyristors le ovollaotlko peulla 4 KA, ovollaotlkl'j Taon 7 KV Kal olallstpo TOU OiOKOU oth.kovtle; 100 mm. EnioTle; Tovi~e Tal OTlTl OUVOAKrl eykateotllllevtloxue; TWV OUOTllOTWV le ouvexee; peullo eqltooe TO 1984 Ta 17,9 GW Kal npo 1MneTQ TO 1992 va qltcloel TO 52 GW. TO op8po auto yivstalllla npoona8sa KaTaypaqlrle; TWV OlaqlopSTlKWV Tunwv oloouv(5e:oewv, TWV 10laiTepwv n: XVKWV xapaktllpolkwv Kal TWV nsplmwoswv eqlopllo Vlie; TOUe;. 1. EloayCA)yi) o1&tgtpon&gc; KGt 0 e~onatopoc; TOU Oll3aolKee; 1l0vaOel:,: Ko8e olaouvosone; ls ouvsxee; peu la eival 01 lletatponeie;. 01 lletatponsie; nou XPTlOllOnOOUVTal OTlV np~tl eival TplqlaOlKel:,: yeqlupel:,: 6 naa lwv le Thyristors rl naalotepa le Auxvlel:,: uopapyupou. :rto oxl'jlla 1.1. napouola~etql Tl oulll3oakrl napaotaon Kal TO KUKAwlla TTle; TplqlaolKl'j1:,: yeqlupae;. AnoTeAeiTO a no e~l OlOOel:,: Thyristors, nou eival olatayllevee; oe OUO oelptl:,: Kat ouvoeovtal avo ouo oe Ko8e qlaon TOU ouotl'jllatoe; EP. To el3oollo Thyristor (Thyristor napokall \nl:,:), nou 3paxuKuKAwvel TTlV nasupo P Tle; ytqlupal:,:, evepyonoleito 1l0VO oe elokel:,: neplntwoele; (oqloallato K.An.), evw oe KavOvlKrl KaToOlaOn AelToupyial:,: eival lnaokaplollevo. 01 apl91l0i oinaa Ola Thyristors oei XVOUV Tl oelpa evauotle; autwv as KaVOVKrl KaTaOlaOn AelToupyial:,:. :rtllv naeupo :rp Tll:,: yeqlupal:,: unopxs nnvia s~ollaauvonl:,: Ld, le 8eWPTlTlKO onelptl enaywyrl Kal ltloevlkrl ovtiotoon. To ntlvio OUTO anookonsi, l3aolka, OTTlV el;olloauvotl Tll:,: ouvexoul:,: TaoTl:,: nou ellqlovi~eto Ola OKPO Tll:,: yeqlupal:,:, svw ouvxpovw:,: nsplopi~el Tl:,: OPlOVKel:,:, ouveloqleps OTlV suolcieelo TaU ouotl'jlloto:,: Kal ellnooi~el Tlv unepj10akrl avul\lwon TOU ouvexoul:,: peullato:,: lleta ana oq>6allato. H AelToupyia, Ka! KaT' enektaon Tl oullneplql0po, TWV le TOTponewv eival ouvatov va emvxeta!. TTl OuvaTOTllTa autrl Tlv napexouv TO Thyristors TOU lstatponea, nou OTlV ouoia siva! eaevxollevol olakomel:,: nou lnopouv va emyxovto W:,: npol:,: TTl OlYll'j nou KAeivouv (evauon TWV Thyristors), OXt OlWl:,: Kal w:,: npol:,: Tn OTlYlTl nou avolyouv (ol3uol\..lo TWV Thyristors). H napallstpo:,: nou smyxetalo' eva \..etatponea eivqltl ywvia KaeUOTepTlonl:,: t vauonl:,: a, nou Ka90pi~S TTl XPOVKrl Ka8uOTepTlOn \..e Tlv onoia yivstat Tl evauon TWV Thyristors. H Tliln Tll:,: naptxetal ano KaToAMAo ouotll\..la smvxou TOU lletatponea. 'OTav 0 \..etatponeal:,: exsl oav eioooo TO svouaooo\..levo peulla Kat e~ooo TO saeyxollsvo ouvexel:,: MYSTO a vop9wtjie; (Rectifier), evw OTOV AelToupyei avtiolpoqla 0 volla~etat avtlotpoqleal:,: ( nverter). Tponol 61Gouv6eolll; yeqlupwv na Tlv aul;tloll Tll:,: KavoTTlTae; evoe; ouykporrlllatoe; ls TaTpom'l1:,: eival ouvatov va XPTlOlilOnOlll80uv nsplooorepee; Till:,: llae; yeqlupee;, :rto oxjilla 1.2 napouola~ovtal 01 ouvngeotspoi Tponol olaouvoeone; ysqlupwv. H XPTlO..lonoinon ouo yeqlupwv as oelpo, onwe; 010 OXTlla 1.2 (11) Kal (y) le XPrlOn lletaoxllllotlowv ls OlaqlOpSTlKti ouvoeolloaoyia (oolepae; aolepae; Kal ootepoe; - Tpiywvo) t xel lsyoao nasovektlllo, YlaTl n OlOTQl;1l autl'j OnlllOupyei, Myw TTl:,: OTpOqlJie; TWV Tooewv 010 osutepeuov TOU svoe; lletaoxnllatlolou we; npoe; TOV ouo KaTo 300, tva ouotlllla avop9wolle; 12 naallwv, AUTO exel oa ouvenela Tl lleiwotl TOU ouvteaeolou napalopq>wone; Myw apllo VKWV. ra TOV mo navw Myo aaaa Kat ylo Myoul:,: au~none; Tne; al;lomotiae; Kal TTle; avtoxl'je; TOU ouotl'jllato:,: os neptntwos11:,: ovwllaalwv eival ent9ullntl'j 11 xpnolllonoinon lleyaaun:pou apl81l0u yeqlupwv oe OSlpO. Ma olota ~ll TeTpanAne; ytqlupae; qlaivsto OTO OXlilla 1.2(0). nopo Aa auto TO nm90e; TWV YSqlupWv oe oelpa oev eivat ouvatov va ou~1lgei noau oeoo\..levou OTt Kciee yeqlupa a naltsi 1010iTepo 30Tl9TlTlKO el;onalollo (l-\etooxn\..ottotl'j,

2 54 TexvlKO XPOVlKO 1 n ektaktl eklioot) cpiatpa K.An.) le anoteasolla va autovstal TO KOOTOt;.. ETO OTnV npotn ouvrisu)('; nsplopl~ollaots os lilatatslt; limarit; ri TO noau TSTpanArit; vecpupat;. H limm vecpupa ovollo~stal ouvr')9wt; 12-naAlKOt; lstatponeat;, anots Aei TOV eva noao ev6t; T091l0U MeTaTponrlt; (.M.) Kat OUVOTO TnV Tpexouoa TsXvoAovia [1, 2, 3]. Teoosplt; 6 naalket; vtcpupst; ls OTpOcpn TOOSWV 150 n lia ana Tlv amn linllloupvouv tva 24-naAlllKo OUOTf1lla.. Eva TtTOO OUOTlllla. WOTOOO. anattei lstaoxnllatiotec;; lst09sot)t; cpqoswv, svw lisv anocpeuvovtal Ta nnvia stolloauvot)c;; OTC;; vpalllltl; P. nou eo analtouvto Kal Via tlmoul; AOvoul;.. ETO Ta ouotrlllata auto sival avtlolkovolllka. Ta oma l3aoll<o OTOtxsia ls Ta onoia sival stonalolltvol; KOSS lstatpontq(;; (OXnlla 1.3) sivat 01 lilakomsc;;. 01 ls TaOXnllaTlOTtc;; lstatpontwv. Ta cpiatpa EP Kal P Kal Ta OUOTnllaTa satvxou-npootaoial;. 01 lilakonrec;; Ton09s TouvTal OTnV nasupo EP TWV lstatpontwv Kat xpsla~o VTat Via va SKKa9api~ouv ocpoallata OTOU; JETOOXnllaTl OTtl;. n va getouv TlV oan lilaouvlieon SKTO; AeTOUPvial;. Ta apllovlko cpiatpa EP, nou ouvl)tovtal sniot); OTnV nmupa EP. txouv OKono va nsplopi~ouv Til; apllovlktl; Kal va TPOCPOOOTOUV ls ospvo OXU Taul; lstotponsil;. svw Ta cpiatpa P nsplopi~ouv Tl; apllovlktc;; nou napovouv 01 lstatponsil; OTf1v nasupq P. TtAol; Tovi~seTal on ilia lilaouvlisoj ls ouvsxtl; psulla txel OTa okpa Tll; Ta9JOU; MeTaTponrll; nou ouvoto VTal ls svatplel; VPalllltl; n KaAwola ouvexouc:; psulla TO;. 2. Moyono).lo; 6ao6v6&ot} H 1l0vOnOAlKn lilaouvlison txs tva avwvo ouvn9w; ap VnTlKrl; noakotlltal; Kat SntOTpoCPti ltoa ana TlV n. Tl 96Aaooa i lstamlko avwvo. H ilovonoaktl alaouv6e01"j ill: :ntotpoqni ileoa ana T'V Y' (oxnlla 2.1.) anotsaei TO npwto OTolilO Via Tlv avamu~n llal; limaalkrl; lilaauvoeot)c:;. Kal ouxva nsplopi~s TO KOOTOC:;, OTav Tl lstacpopa Tll; svtpvslac:; ls ouvsxtc:; xr1j.ja 1.1. H rplqxjolkr1 yecpupa aj OUj.J/30A1Kr1 napijoraot/, Jj ro KUKAtJJj.Ja. ~r-""""""'x""'~ (0) OJ; (0) 7 (p) xr1j.ja 1.2. illard{slf; j.jstarponetjjv anarjf;, 6mAr1f;, rsrpanarjf; yecpupaf;. ZUyoC E? rta9mor rpammh,. ME.TA~p?nHr METAOOPAL: Ae:"l'a"l'.::lOnta;:; Flr,v~o t;:::::\.cau\.ol1;:; i i * r, : :& r ' ili , U!:U:ri;nu:r. cl yxou :TA8MO: METATPOnH: ' xrjj.ja 1.3. Kupta orotxsia SVOf; rumkou ora8j.jou j.jstarponr1f;.

3 1TJ E:KTOKTTJ e=:'k~(5:..:0:..:on:.:..o..._~ T_e-,X-,-v_tK_0_X_P,-O_V_t_KO_ 5_5_ peulo vivetot le KoAw(5to, AuaTJ nou eivol ve~tko OKP~~. H auv(5ealloaovio oun; onoltei evo n neplaaotepa T1vlo e~olloauvatje; OTllv naeupo u41lme; TOone; ~ xoltjalie; T~one;, qliatpo auvexoue; peullotoe; -ov unopxouv evoe PEc; Vpallllee;- KO VPOlJEe; TJAeKTpo(5iwv le Mo ~TOe 1l0Ue; HAeKTpo(5iwv (~.H.) OTO OKpO. ~TJj.le~VeTO OTt? ~TOelOi HAeKTpo(5iwv ~piakovtol ae auvextj AeiTouPV10 KO KOTO auvenelo npenel vo e~eto~ovto nopovovtee; 0 nwe; (510~pWaele;, TJAeKTpOllovvllnKte; ent(5poaele;, nepll3aaaovtoaov1ko eelloto K.An. TTJV KOTTJvopio outn OvrlKOUV TO epvo Gotland KO Gotland (Sweden), Kontiskan (Denmark-Sweden), Fenoskan (Finland-Sweden) K.An. H JlovonoAllcq 61aouv6eol1 Jle emotpoqnl JlEOa ano a Yf)Yo (oxnllo 2.2.) auvrlewe; KOTOaKeuo~eTol aov npwto OT6(5\O 1l10e; (5lnoAKne; (5loauv(5eaTJe;, OTOV TO auvexee; peullo ematpoqlne; leao ono Tllv VTJ (5ev eivol emeultjto VO TO ev15lolleao OUTO (5100TT)1l0. n OTOV TO lrikoe; lletoqlopoe; eivol TeTolo, wote 01 Vpallllte; KO 01 OTOellOi TJAe KTP015iwv vo auvlatouv ovnolkovolllkn Auan n OTOV TJ el (5Kri ovtiotoon TOU e156qloue; eivol noau llevoatj wate n KomaKeuri TJAeKTpo(5iwv vo eivol OVtqlKTTJ. ~TOV Tuno OUTO TTJe; (5loauv(5eone; vlvetol xpnon (5uo ovwvwv ~P, e Voe; u41tjalie; TOone; KO tvoe; XOlTJArle; TOone; a ovwvoe; xolla!ie; TOaTJe; auv(5tetol atov lev tvo ~.M. OTO (5iKTUO veiwone; n ae TJheKTp6(510 KO atov l5e omo ~.M. ato 15i KTUO veiwot)e; leaw aae~kepouvou r; nukvwtou. AnoiTOu VTO eniane; tvo ri neplaaotepo nnvio e~olloauvone; OTT)V naeupo U41nArle; ri XOllnArle; TOone; KO qliatpa P omv U nopxouv evoeplee; VPOllllte; ~P. Av npokelto VO TO npw TO OT lnoAKrie; Oloauv15eaTJe;, auvnewc; 01 onoln; aele; 1l0vWone; TOU OVWVou emotpoqlrie; Koeopi~oVTO VO TTJv u41tjar; auvexn TOon TTJv KOTTJvopio ouni eo lnopouae vo evtox8ei TO epvo Kingsnorth (England) onou lleto~u Beddington KO Willesden unopxel 1l0vOnOAKr; (5loauv(5eon le entotpoqlr; ltao ana ovwvo loxuoe; 320 MW. Enione; nomte; 151 noakte; (5loauv(5taele; exouv TTJ (5uvOTOTTJTO 1l0vonoA Kr;e; AelTOupvioe; eite le emotpoqlti leaa ana VTJ, eite le entotpoqlr; ltao ana ovwvo, onwe; n.x. TO epvo Pacific ntertie (USA), Vancouver sland (Canada) K.An. 3. 4anoAKq &aouv6 oll H OtnOAKr; 15loauv15eon exel (5uo ovwvoue;, tva SenKO KO evo OPVTJTtKO. Koee TeplloTKOe; ~.M. onoteaeito ana (5uo 12-noAlKOUe; llemtponeie; j(510e; OVolloOTKrie; TOaTJe; TOnOeeTTJllevOUe; ae aelpo. Ta ou(5ttepa onlleia lleto~u TWV <5U0 lletotponewv eivol velwlltvo ato tvo r; KO OTa (5uo OKpa. ~TTJ OeUTepTJ nepimwon 01 <5U0 noao lnopouv vo heltoupvouv ove~opttjto. ~e KovovlKec; auverikee; AelTouPVOUv KO ol15uo le TO i(5o OVOlOOTKO peullo xwpic; peullo vne; ~e nepimwan ~Ao~ne; TOU evoe; OVWVOU, o omoe; lnopei vo lletqqltpel TO OVOlOOTlKO qloptio leaw TTJe; emotpoqlne; ana TlV VTJ. H ovolloankr; TOon 1l10e; (5lnoAKnc; 15loauvl5eane; VpOqleTO n.x. ± 100 KV KO ovoqlepetol «auv KO natjv 100 KV». ~TTJV KOTr1VOpio OUn; OVrlKOUV TO tpvo Skagerrak, Cross Channel 2, Nelson River Bipole 2 K.An. napakotw neplvpoqlovto TO ~OOKOTepa xopaktnplotko AelToupviOe; TWV (5tnOAKWV (5loouv15eaewv: XrJ/Ja 2.1. MOVOTTOAlKrJ olaauv&af'} /Je ematporprj /Jcaa atto YTJ. 't"x" a 22 MO"OTTOAKrl olaauvi5e rrn e ematporprj "'", Ji. '",.. " t'" J.lcaa atto aycuyo. '~ th xrjj.la 3.1. tjlttoalkrj olaauv&ar]. H t~o15oe; TOU evoe; noaou AOvw ~A6~ne; n OUVn;P1 one; 15ev ellno15i~el TTJ AelTouPviO TOU OAAou noaou le emotpocpn ltoo ana TTJV VTJ (oxnllo 3.1.). -. amv 11 emotpoqln leoo ono TTJ V1 Via llevoao Xpo VKO (5100TTJ1l0 l5ev eivoi emeul1n; KO 0 ovwvoe; TOU noaou nou txel ~vel ektoe; AelTouPvioc; exel Konolo 1 KOVn OTllelln 1l0vwaTJe;. TOTe 11 OtnOAKr; (5toouvl5eon lnopei va AelToupyrioel 1l0VOnOAKO le emotpoqln le 00 ana TOV ovwvo OUTOV (oxnllo 3.2.). no TOV Mvo auto 0 ovwvoe; ouv/5tetal nop6aanao le TTJV em OTPOqlri leoo ana TTJV VTJ KO lleto 11 TeAeUTaio 1510KOnTeTO. rio va lnopei va vivel TJ evepvela OUTrl xwpie; OloKonri AelToupvioe;, anott:ito OTO tva OKPO TTJe; (5laouv(5eol1e; tvae; (5laKonTTJe; lletovwvne; emotpoqlnc; leao ana ovwvo (Metallic Return Transfer Breaker, MRTS). TtTOloe; 15laKonTTJe; 15ev onalteitol OTOV eivql emtpemrl 11 lkpri 15laKonn TTJe; pone; loxuoe;. revko TJ OTOellTJ 1l0Vwal1e; OTO onlleio TOU 1510KOOTT) eivol Aivo

4 56 1'1 SKTOKT'1 ekboo' Xr1/1a 3.2. MovonoAKr1 ASToupyia 6moAKr1(; 61aauv6e017(; /1s smarpoqjr1 j.j8aa an6 a ywy6. l-leyoaun:p'1 ana TO anevovtl onl-leio T1<; btaouvbe 0'1<;. npenet va o'1l-lel008ei on 11 KOVOT1TO TOU blako 0111 OUTOU eival unoaoyiotl-l11 Myoo T1<; an06rlkeu01<; evepyelo<; OTO /3poxo emotpocprl<; -leoo ono Tl'll n. ria napobelyl-la Ot anamioel<; TOU olakonrl1 MRTB TOU epyou Pacific ntertie eivat Tl<; TO~1<; 8,5 MJ. KaTo Til OtOpKela OUVTrlPl1ol1<; TOU evo<; ~ Kat T(uV OUO.H., eivat ouvatrl 11 otnoatkrl AelTOupyia OUVOCOVTO<; TO ouoctepo onl-ltio TOU 12-naAl-ltKOU l-letatponea OTO OiKTUO yei(uol1<; TOU.M. l1l-lelwvetol on TO peu -la aoul-ll-letpio<; l-leto~u TOO'll OUO noaoov eloepxetal OTO OiKTUO yei(uol1<; TOU.M. KO Y' auto npenet va napal-levet oe xal-lllarl Tlllrl.. E~ooo<; Tl<; 1-l10<; ypal-l -lrl<; rl TOU evo<; noaou npoun06etet autol-lato \.nao KOplOl-la Kat TOO'll OUO noaoov. - A'll \.la /3A6/31l oe Konolo oucmwa el-lnooi~el TO'll eva noao va AetTOupYrloel -le ovol-laotlko cpoptio, TOTe 01 CUO noao -lnopouv va AelTouPYtioouv -le otacpopen KO peul-lota. H olacpopo T(UV peulotoov oloxeteuetal OlOU<;.H. - e nepinrooon \.eptki)<; /3Ao/3l1<; T1<; -lovooon<; TOO'll ypal-ll-lc;)v P, 01.M. -lnopouv va AetTOuPYtioouv 1-10 '111\.10 -le -lkpotepl1 ov0l-laotlki) ouvexrl TOOl1. - A'll -lla ypa\.ll-lt; P /3yel ekto<; AeToupyia<;. \.nopouv va npo/3aeq>6ouv ano~eukte<;. etot wote -le KOTMAl Aou<; xelptol-lou<; 01 CUO noaol lnopouv va AelToupYrloouv napamlaa \.e entolpo<prl -leoa ano Tl Y1. H AeToupyia autil npoun06en:1 KaTOM1A l l0VOO01<; TOO'll OKPOOV TOO'll noaoov Kal tkavot1ta Tl<; e vanol-levouoo.:; ypal-ll-lrl<; P Kal Tl<; ypal-l\.lt;.:; 11M: KTpooiou va cptpouv TO ommoto OVO-lOOlKO peul-la. - A'll 11 elolkrl avtiotaol1 TOU eoocpou.:; eivat noau -leyo A1 :TOt wole 11 KaraOKeut; TOO'll.H. va eival aoul-lcpo P1 t; 11 anoolaon l-leta~u TOO'll OUO.M. eival noal \.11 KPrl. TOTe 11 OmOAKrl olaouvoeon -lnopei va KaTaoKeuaOTei -le tva TpiTO ayooyo Y1<; (oxt;-lo 3.3). nou cpopti~etal lje Tl'll olacpopa TOO'll peulotoov TOO'll OUO no Aoov. 0 TpiTO':; auto<; oyooyo<; exel X0-l1MTepl1 Ol061-l11 1l0VOOOl1<; Kal XPl1011-l0noieiToi oav oyooyo<; npoolaoia.:; xr1j.ja 3.3. ijlnoakr1 61aauv6s017 /Js TpiTO aywy6. Ol<; evoeple.:; ypal-ltje<; P. TO'll evo.m. Ta olweia xa-l1at;<; TOOl1<; TOOV OUO noaoov ouvoeovtol oneu 6eia<; OlO OiKTUO yeioool1t;; TOU OT061-l0u, evw OTOV oa Ao.M. OuvocovTal -leo(') oae~kepouvou. A'll 0 eva<; noao.:; l3yel ekto,:; AeToupyio<;. eivat OUVaTrl 11 -l0vonoalkt; AeTOupyia -le emotpocprl -leoa ano TO'll TpiTO auto oyooyo. 4. OllonoAlloi isloouv6 0l H O-lOnOAKt; olaouvoeol1 exel Mo t; neploootepou<; 0 yooyou.:; iola.:; noakot1to':;, ouvrl600<; apvl1nkrl<;. Kal Ael Toupyei novta -e entolpocpt; nt;;. e nepinroool1 /3M/3lt;; TOU evo.:; ayooyou, 0 avtiololxot;; l-letotponeat;; -lnopei va ouvoe6ei OTOV 6Mo ayooyo KO etol -lnope! va ljetacpep 6ei neploootepl1 ano Tl'll -lorlloxu \.e au~l1l-leve.:; Olloor;: anwaele<; ypal-ll-lt;<;..onoor;: avacpep61ke napanovoo OTtt;; OtnOAKt.:; olaouvocoel<; 11 nepinroool1 outil eival noaunaokll Kal ouvr;600<; oev eq>ap-lo~etal ylo Myout;; l1011t;; T1t;; 1-l0VOO01<;.. ETa 11 ol-lonoakrl olaouvoeo1 nponl-loto ana T1V OtnOAKrl oe neptntwoel<; onou TO ouvextt;; peu\.o entolpocpn<; n':; Oev i5111-l10upyei npo/3ml-lato..aaaa naeovektt;l-lato Tilt;; eival 01 -lelool-ltvet;; anwaele<; loxuo<; A6yoo TOU cpalvoljevou Corona Kal 01 AlyoTepet;; paolot1aecpoovlktt;; napelj/3omt;; TOO'll evaepioov ypal-ll-lwv Myoo apvl1t1knt;; noakotl1to<;. 5.Toe10i1 ToTponq~ EP/P/EP 01 Ola6\.1oi autoi eival elotkt<; neptntwoett;; TOO'll i5moa KWV Oloouvocoe(Uv, otav 01 oyooyoi ouvexout;; peu\.loto<; t xouv -ll10eviko tjrlkot;;. TTl\! KaTllyopio autil OVrlKOUV Ta tpya Sakuma (Japan), Eel River (Canada). David Hamil (USA), Shin-Shinano (Japan). Hokkaido-Honshu (Japan). Acaray (Paraguay), USSR-Finland. Duernrohr (Austria). Eddy Country (USA), Chateaguay (Canada). Highgate (USA), Oklaunion (USA). Blackwater (USA). Miles City (USA). Madawaska (Canada). Sidney (USA). 01 l3aa/3ioe<; Thyristors Kal yla TOut;; ouo l-letotponei<; Ton06eTollVTal ouvn600<; oe tva KOVO KTiPO aaa/3ii5oov. 0 unoaotnot;; e~onalol-lo<; onoo.:; TO ouott;l-lata / T1Krl<;

5 TE:XVKO XPOVKO 57 xrjj1a 5.1. napa&iyj1ara raoj1wv Merarponrjr,; EPPEP OXUO<;;, EMvxou, 41U~1<;; K.An.!-mopE:i Kat OUTO<;; va ~E:U 9ET19Ei OE: ~OTO~11 KOV~. TlV ne:pinrwot] OU~ ~v 0 nattouvtat cpiatpo OUVE:XOU<;; PEUlOTO<;;. ria OKOVOlKOU<;; AOYOU<;; npotllouvto 1l0vME<;; 12-noAlKWV -le:totpone WV. AU~llOl1 T1<;; o~ontotio<;; T1<;; OOUVXPOVT]<;; OUT~<;; ~10 OUV~EO1<;; EntTuvxaveTol 1lE: nopom1a1 OUV6EO1 ~uo ~ neploootepwv.m. EP/P/EP, onw<;; TO epyo USSR Finland, nou onoteaeito ana TPE<;; i~e:<;; lovo~e<;; 1 OXuo<;; 355 MW, ± 85 KV DC Kat 2100 A KO Eel River 1lE: 6uo 1~E<;; 1l0vME<;; 10XUO<;; 160 MW + ~ - 80 KV DC KO 2000 A. 01 Tllle<;; T1<;; OUVE:Xou<;; TOO1<;; KO TOU OUVE:Xou<;; PEUlOTO<;; YO ~e~ollevll OXU j3eatlotonolouvto OUlCPWvo le T1V Tpexouoa TExvoAoyio, etot WOTE TO ouvoa!ko KOOTO<;; vo eiva! eaox!oto. revko Tl~ T1<;; ouvexou<;; TO Oll<;; eivo XOlll1MTepl1 Kat TOU ouvexou<;; PEU-lOTO<;; U41 AOTEP1, on' o,n OT<;; ~laouvmoe!<;; nou txouv Evotp!e<;; YPOlllle<;; KO KaAw6!0 OUVExOUe; peulotoe;. TO oxi)lo 5.1 napouolol;ovtot ~QqlOpEe; neptntwoel<;;.m. EP/P/EP, nou ~locpoponolouvtat KUp!a ana Tlv 9toll TOU nl1viou E ~OlloAuvol1e; [4]. 6. 4Qouv6eo u; 11 noaaoue; OTQ8110Ue; 1 TQTpOnilc; 01 ~Oouvotoel<;; le nomoue; OT091l0ue; l-letotpon~e; (Multi Terminal Direct Current, MTDC) txouv apxioel ri 011 va txouv npoktko evolacptpov. T1V KaTllyopia auti) OV~KOUV 11 ~OOUVOe:O1 Tile; V~OOU KopOKrie; OTllV rpoll~ le ouve:xee; peullo ToAiae;-op Ollvio<;; KO TO tpyo Quebec-New England CPOO1 ",, le ntvte TEPlOTKOU<;; OTa91l0ue; letotponrie;, OUVEX~ TOO1 450 KV KO ouvextc; peullo 2200 A (OX~lO 6.2.). H cpqol1l neplaollj36ve TOUe; LM. Des Cantons Kat Comerford, 11 cpoolll1 TOUe;.M. Radisson Kat Sandy Pond (1990) Kat CPOOll "' TO.M. Nicolet (1992). To OUVOAKO OX~lO 90 lnopei vo AEtTOUPy~OE OE ilia ui3pok~ ~OTO~1l n.x. lovonoak~ AElTOupyio le E:ntOTPOCP~ leoo ana oywyo yla TO Tl~lO Radisson-Nicolet KO otnoatk~ AEToupyia le TO~U Nicolet KO Sandy Pond. 01 ~loouvmoe:le; le nomou<;;.m. txouv Tpel<;; nt9avee; ~OcpopETlKe<;; EcpaPlloyt<;;: - METocpopo leyoawv nooot~twv EvtpYEOe; ana neploootepou<;; TOU EVOe; T091l0ue; nopoywyi)e; OE ne POOOTEPO TOU EV6c; 1AEKTPKo OUOT~-lOTO EP. np6 KETal Yla poi) evtpyelae; lovo KOTO lio cpopo uvMoEle; ove~optlltwv llaektpkwv OUOTlllOTWV EP YO avramayte; evepye:la<;;. npoke:tat YO po~ e vtpyeo<;; Kal KaTO ne; Mo ~Eu9uvoele;. - Evioxuol1 1AE:KTPKou ouot~llatoe; EP le le:tacpopo EvtpYE:lae; ana tvo Ta91l0 napaywy~e; OE: ~OCPOPE:T KOUe; l;uyoue; autou. npoke:to, onwe; KO 0TllV npwtl ne:pimwoll, YO pot) EvtpYE:lae; 1l0VO KOTO lio cpopo. TO OXT)lO 6.1 napouolol;ovto 01 m9avte; ~OTO~E:e; 010 OUVO OEWV 1lE: nomoue;.m.5.6. AUTt<;; avoauovto nopa KOTW OT<; i3aokt<;; TOU<; KaTllyopiEe;: 0) AKTlvlTtC; 6loCJuv6tCJelC; 'e noaaotic;.m. (radial systems). onou K09E: ypallll~ P ouvmetal OE: tvo.m. Kal 01 ~aouvotoee; oawv TWV YPOllWV P txouv TeTolo oloto~11 WOTE: ylo Kcmola onootool1 11 po~ E:vtpYElae; yive:tat leoo ana ilia KOVT) ypallllri P (OE okpaia nepinrwo1 11 an6 OTaOl1 outi) ll~evil;etal).. OAO 01.M. Eival OUV~E~Ellt VOl napoaallao. ~llaoo~ 11 ouvexri<; TOOl1 EVOl loll le TO OllllEO TOU OUO~llaTO<; (OV 9EWP1gei 11 nrwol1 TOO1<;; KOTO l~ko<;; TWV ypallllwv P alea1tta). Kovtva ltpo<; TOU OUOT~llaTOe; P ~EV lnopei vo onoouvoe:9ei xwpie; va Enl1pEaOTEi 11 pori EvtpYEOe; leto~u TWV OUOTlllOTWV EP. P) Bpoxoel6eic; 610CJuv6tCJeu; 'E: nulotic;.m. (Meshed or ring syslems). onou ne:poootepe<;; ana ilia ypallilri P OUVOCOVTO oe t va.m. ov onaouotepoe; Tuno<; T1<;; nepinrwoll<;; autri<; avocptpeto 6100UV~E01 ana olweio OE O1lE:io le OUO

6 58 TexvlKO XPOVKO 1TJ ektakttj ekl500tl Xr1J,lO 6.1. n,8ave(; OQTa~el(; OlooUVOeoefNv J,le nomou(;.m. oj AKTVfNTe(;, fjj Bpoxoeli5ei(;, yj elpoke(;. napoaatjaa ouvl5el5e~evec; ypa~~ee; P. T!(; 3poxoell5eic; 15laouv(5E:oelC; oaol 01.M. ouv15eovtal napctaatjaa Kal Ka TO ouvenelatj OVO\JaOTKl"i OUVeXrlC; TOOTlC; eival 10Tl oe 0 Aa Ta OTllJeia TOU OUOTrllJaTOC;. Onolol5rlnOTe ljepoe; TOU OUOTTllJaTOC; P Jnopei va anoouv15egei xwpic; va entjpeaote! fl POrl evepyelac; ~etal;u TWV OUOTfl~OTWV EP, av un0geoouije OT 01 unoaotnec; ypaijljec; P \Jnopouv va napaaol3ouv TO emnatov <poptio. y) tlplakt~ 6aT~&~ 1t noaaou~.m. (series connections), 6nou OAOl 01.M. ouvl5eovto oe oelpo ljeow Jlac; KOVrlC; 3poxoell5ouc; ypaijijrlc; P. e Koge OTliJeio TlC; ypaj.lijric; P onwc; Kal e Koge.M., 11 TllJri TOU ouvexouc; peuljatoc; eivol TJ il5la, evw n TllJri Tle; ouvexouc; TOOne; wc; npoc; YTJ eival 15la<popeTiKri. Kaveva ljepoc; TT]C; ypaijljric; P l5ev ijnopei va anoouvl5egei xwpic; va 15laKonei n pori evepyelac; ljetal;u TWV OUOTflJOTWV EP. ria TC; neplntooelc; a) Kal 13) 12-naAiJlKOi JeTaTpOneic; ouv(5e:ovto napctaat]aa lje il5la OVOiJOOTKri TOOTl, evw yla TTJV nepimwotl y) 12-naAJ.lKOi ljetatponeie; ouvl5eovto oe oelpo lje i610 OVOiJaOTKO ouvexec; peuljo. 7. MKP&"; &v61i1 CJ&t; A~"'&1t; TlC; neptntwoelc; nou Jla ypaijljrl P l5lepxetal ana neploxec; oxetko anoljovwij&vec; ri ije JKpec; 6uvaToT1Tec; 15loouv15eOTlC; TOU nmktplkou 15KTUOU TOUe; ije ijeyoau Tepa 15iKTua, n ev610jeon Ai4J11 OXUOe; 90 ijnopouoe va exel ljeyoaa OKOVOJKO naeovekttlljota.. OTOV npokeltol yla oxetiko ijeyoaa <poptia 016laouv6eoelC; lje noaaouc;.m., nou npoavo<pep9tjkav, onoteaouv Tlv AuoTJ OTO napanovw npol3anlja, OTav OJWC; TO <poptio eivoi JKPO. 15TJAa15r; TTJC; Tol;nc; TOU 1% TlC; ijeta<pepoijevnc; OXUOC;. TOTe ijkpec; ev15loljeoec; Ar;4JelC; (Small Taps) ije el61ko oxe15laoijevec; ouijnayeic; l5latol;elc; u neptepouv 7 npokeltal Kupla Yla ijeaaovtlk&c; 15laTol;elC; nou eo TPO<p0150Touv anoijovwijeva <poptio eite evteawc; na9ntlko. eite J.le ~O JKPi TOmKrl napaywyr;. H AeToupyia TWV OXTJJOTWV autwv npenel va exel 1J1100 Jlvec; emntwaelc; OTnV al;lomotia Tnc; Kuplac; 15laouv6e 0TlC; ouvexouc; peuljatoc;. TO 6e auotl1\ja eatvxou npenel va elval auotflpo TomKO Kal va entjpeo ;el 600 TO 6uva TOV AlYOTepo TO KUPO auotflija eatvxou. 0, oelplakec; 6aTQl;elC; TWV JKPWV ev61oijeowv Arl4Jewv cpaivetal va exouv evl5la<ptpov ana TexvlKrl Kal OKOVOJ Xr1J,lO 6.2. To epyo Quebec New England. A H V DC-B-t"" -=~ :f,..._...jl ~ G L 1D ~ J 1., L._ --lr----i. - F E~ MVAC~ Xr1J,lQ revlkr1 Oc1TQ~'" J,lKPr1(; evolc1j,le0'7(; oel PQKr](; Ar1lPT](; f

7 1n ektoktl') ekisootl TeXVKO XPOVKO frl t~ LT r:.l., ,.1 t-~ ~-..,. L. :..J 1"".1.., :!t 1--1 t.:_~ :![1-_+ L: :J ~) nopaaanhn enektootl, ),..... E ril-.. a..--t 1.:.:-- ~~.. :!!. r..::1 :![r-t... -~ 1:!t. t--t L:T'::.J,. 0) &nektootl 0& O&lpa is) JOVOnOhlKi 0& ismohlki &n&ktool1 JE n6houc; TOU &v6c; CKPOU 0& islocpopetlko OTlJ&io v) JOVOnOhlKi OE islnohlkti &nektootl &) &nektootl 1..1& noaaouc;.m. nopaaanho at) &n&ktootl J& noaaouc;.m. 0& O&lpa xtipa 8.1. LJuvarsr; cnckraoclr; olaouvosoclajv pc ouvcxsr; peupa.

8 60 TexvKo XPOVKO ~----. ~~~-- Kri onolllll le OpKeTO nr..eovektrilloto KO KUPO llelove KTllO TO yeyovoe; OTl lleiwol TOU ouvexoue; peulotoe; KOTW ana 1110 er..6xotll TllJri oev emtpenel Tlv r..rilllll ovo 1l00TlKOU epoptiou. Mnopouv yevk6 vo XPll0lllonol1l80uv lletotponeie; epuolkrie; lletoywyrie; ri KOl e~ovoykoollevlle; lletoywyrie;. TO OXrillo 7.1 nopouolo~etol 11 yevlkri OOTO~1l 1l10e; 111 KPrie; evololleolle; oelploki]e; r..rillllle; H evop~1l TlC; t..r;1l1lc; OXUOC; yivetol le TO Kr..eiOllO TWV ono~eukt6.>v B KO TO 0 VOYlO TOU ono~euktl A. nopokolllll1l TlC; OOTO~TlC;, r..oyw oepor..1l0toc;, yivetol le TO Kr..eiolllO TOU OOKOnrTl H. H npootooio ana uneptooelc; emtuyxovetol le TO or..e~ke: pouvo F KO G KOl Tl yeiwotl le TOUC; yewte:e; C Kat L. H lletor..r..kri KOTooKeuri D OUVOPJ0r..oyeiTol KO OOK..O~e TO e~ Or..OKt..i]pOU OTO epyootoolo KOl neplr..o\ljjovel TOV OVTOTPOcpeO le TO JjoTl811TKO OUOTi]1l0TO. 8. 4UVOTOTllTec; enektooefl)v OnoloorinoTe oloouvoeolll..le ouvexec; peulla lnopei va e xel llet..t..ovtlke:e; enektooelc;, opkei 0 TponOe; r..etoupyioc; TOUe; Kat 11 evto~ri TOUe; OTO ouvor..o TOU epyou va E:XOUV npojjr..eepgei eykolpo. UllepwvO lje TO oxrillo 8.1 Jnopei vo unop~el ene:ktooll oe oetpo, nopom1r..11 enektoo1, enektootl ana \lovonor..l K'; r..eltoupyio oe omor..ki] KO enektooll oe OtOouvoeOll le nor..r..oue; ota8\louc; lletotponi]e; ouvoeoe\levouc; nopot..t..llr..o ri oe oelpo. H nepinrwol1 0) oepopo OTa epyo KONTSKAN 1(1965, + ri KV, 250 MW) Kat KONTSKAN (1988, +285 KV. 300 MW). npokeltol Yla OUO 1l0Vonor..Kec; olaouvoe: oele; \leta~u l'avia<; Kat oul1oioc;. 01 T08\loi MeTaTponric; oteyo~ovtol OTO \lev V. Hassing TTlC; l'oviae; oe KOvo KTipO, OTll oe outloia OTC; Ton08eoiec; Stenkullen KO Lindome..OTav KO 01 OUO OlaOUVOE:OelC; KONT SKAN Kal r..ettoupyouv la~i, oev npojjmnetol ouvexee; peullo emotpoeprie; ana T1V 80r H nepinrwoll e) (Ylo \lovonor..ki] OlWe; oloouvoeol1) aepopo OTO epyo SACO, onou OTllV olaouvoeol1 Tat..iac; opol1vioe; (1967, +200 KV, 200 MW) npoote811ke nopor..r..tlr..o ouvoeoe\levoe; 12-nor..\lKOC; \letotponeae; OTTl Nrioo KOPOlKri (1985, +200 KV, 50 MW). 9. UJnepooJloTO To 6-nor..lKO OUOTTllO oov JjOOKri r..eltoupyio. OTlr..oori 0 6-nor..lKOC; \letotponeoc; oov nor..oe; evoc;.m., onoter..ei ~enepoo\le:vtl TexvlKrj Va OUOTrj\lOTO \letoepopoe; l1r..e KTPKriC; evepyeloc; le ouvexec; peuljo nar..lKOc; \letarponeoc; onoter..ei OVTOKOVO\lKri r..uon, napor..o nou 11 8ewPl1TKrj TOU unepoxi] eivol ellepovlic;. AVTl8eTo leplvi] Texvor..ovio exel oov JjaolKrj KO onokr..elotki 1l0 vooo TOV 12-nor..llKo lletotpone:o le opketo KOvOnoTl TlKO XOPOKTTlPOTKO r..eltoupvioc;. 01 1l0Vonor..KE:c; KOl omor..kee; OOOUVOE:oeu:; K086.>C; KOl 01.M. EP/P/EP eivol TO OXril..lOTO nou ellcpavl~ovtol 010 ouxvo OT1V np6~tl. TlJ.lelwveTol OT 01 Mo.M. EP/P elvol 20% nepinou OKpJjoTepol ana tvo.m. EPP EP. To lleove:ktllja auto lnopei vo ovtlot08\lotei one TO KOOTOC; TTlC; onoltoullevtlc; VPOlllJrie; EP ouvoeotlc; TOU.M. EP/P/EP. H KPTKi onootoo1 emr..oylic; lleto~u.m. EP/P/EP KO oxi]llatoc; lletoepopoc; \le ouvexec; peu\lo eival TTlC; TO~TlC; km. H onootoo1 ourji e R1peo~eTOl ana TO yeyovoc; OTlJO \lokpo VpalJlJri EP eo er..ott6.>oel Tl OT081l11 JjPOXUKUKr..WonC; oe TeTOo Jj08\l0 wote KOTOt..t..Tlr..11 OVTlOT08\llon eo npenel va Ton08eTTl8ei OTO.M. napor..o auto 11 ole9vlic; npaktlkri txel o6.>oel npotepolot1ta OTOUC;.M. EP/P/EP, OTav oev onaltei TO unojjpuxo KOr..WOO. NeoTepec; 1000eC; onwc; 01 OlaouvOE:oele; \le nor..r..ouc;.m. onoktouv O\leoo KOl npaktlko evolacpepov \le evo epvo ri 011 oe e\lnoplkri eepopl..lovli KO eva 6Mo OTO OTOOO Ka TOOKe uric;. To JjaOlKo npojjt..r;llato emvxou, npootooiac; KOl OU\lneplepOpOe; oe 1l0V1lla Kal \letojjatlko epolvo\levo e xouv ovor..u8ei ektev6.>c; Kal 11 unopxouoo Texvor..ovia elval nmov Kovli va npoxwprioel oe avar..ovee; KOTOoKeutc;. npooepatec; oxetlko lotec; onwc; 01 JKpee; evololleoec; r..1illelc;, 01 elolko oxeolaoll vee; 1l0VOOeC; vevvtltplwv-avop 8WTWV ol60wv oe oelplakri oota~tl, 01 lletotponeic; e~ovaykoo\levtle; ljeravwyrie; K.r..n. evoe:xetol OTO eno\levo XPOVO va ovonrux80uv evtovo. T1V npoon08ela OUT'; 8a JjoTl8rioouv 11 xprio1 unoot08\lwv \le eykjjwtloje:vo \lepll (GS) nou 8a llelwoel OpaOTlKO TC; OlaoTooelC; TWV epvwv, 11 xplion epwtoolevelpollevwv Thyristors nou 80 anr..ouoteuoet Kal 8a neplopioel TOV OYKO TWV Jjor..Jjioov, Tl meovli eepaplloyri TWV Thyristors GTO K.r..n. 10. BlAloypo(pio 1. Kimbark E.W. - Direct Current Transmission, Volume, Wiley nterscience, New York, 1971, Chapter rewpvovt~ric; r. - l'loouvoeon UOT1\lOTWV Hr..eKTpl Klie; Evepveloc; \le uvexec; Peu\la, EnOTTl\lOV1KO l'er..tio l'eh No 35, oer , Anpir..loc; 83 - MOpT10e; TexvlKo epumaolo STOP6.>V ABB, SEMENS, ALS THOM, GEC, HTACH, TOSHBA. 4. Melvold D.J., Long W.F. Back to back HVDC System Performance with different smoothing reactors, EEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 4, No 1, January 1989, p.p Kanngiesser K.W., Bowles ~.P. etc. - HVDC Multiterminal Systems, CGRE report 14-08, Reeve J. - Multiterminal HVDC Power Systems, EEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-99, No 2. March/April Carpaneto E., Piglione L. etc - Small power tapping from HVDC transmission systems, CGRE report 14-08, npoe6poc;:: EUXOpOTOU\le K. rewpyavt~ri. 0 enoljevoc; O~.r..1Tric; eivol 0 K. AM~ovopoe; Tauponour..oc; le eelja «H xpriorr TOU chopper OTa Oxli\laTa OOTKOU OlO1POOPO J.0U». 0 KUPOC; Tauponour..oc; eivol llr..ektpomvoc; \ltlxavlkoe; \le Master of Engineering Kal anooxor..eitol wc; lllxavlkoc; OTOUe; Hr..eKTpKOUe; lol1poopo\loue; A91v6.>vnelpOWe;.