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7 #$%B ((% H H I$ HHJI KCK C LI L H 4I K LCJ LI K $ K HC K MM LI K L L * IJI M I H H %LI (''$I LMN IC L I MMI HH ;H O HC MC PH M LHC L HCL L I I OC L %K MN O L C J L H J NHLCLL LC J LI KC H CJ L HJ LI K, K JM O LI LKM JM MM $J CJ H L HJI K H LJ LM C J L JMN LL MO L LH" M L L "M L M L 0

8 CH H LI L L L L MM $ H I., Q;, I MH K M L M " J L H H M R%+6''C +6S>T J L R94S>TC H C J., J., Q;, C K I K I R94S>T (&1 % ( H L L MH L + & I LJL MM HH K H I., Q;, J C C J M MMC H LIC J I LJJML % ) LI H C L O H H % J HI K M M L L L K H L 3

9 ;H L L L L C H K H - ILH KL LC L L L L JL H IC MLI M C H "!4! "!4C H J MLH L$ JMN LH LI =4 J LK MH L M H IC!#" L %LL J JCJKJ H C LI C I C J K H L L + B L % O I K LIL LJL S

10 +$( CDEFEG &( MM LKM H;,., 6 I H LI K H... D LI L FG -H F;, GL F., G L LK ILL LI JLH (=...$D I KN C L H L, L I L F = 6 #U $ =6#G JM H J KN R7;S3C!7;''T % LFG C M H('$(BR!'ST )#) LF-G KH K K V HL IL% L LI F;, G F., G L LI K I I IC C J I O ('

11 CK LLMC M LK, LL L LI M C LL K L ( $ )B W KLI L MM L L LC HI &= L LLI K Γ 6X 4 J L L PH LMLCJLL 9! L II I LI KK K )+) I HH I I I R "I $'ST ((

12 " HH ML L F G L L O L FHG N K HI L 6 J L H H L MN LF9! G%4Y)'' ;, # Y(&D # Y')BD"JHJ M L LC J LI LI M, LM LC L ; HH KIHL C J N LKM K L M )JMNLM;. ($U ; U, LL );)-JMN M K L ΓB0C.$ L 6XLM;IHL. ($U; U, M Γ R +63)T (&

13 LI I MMI H L C H L L I H" Y'B>B)C Y'>'B % LJL LIMM LKM HH;,., 4 ( &GC#) - LJL MM LKM;,., R.$T %H C 6 6 IJ 'B>B) '>'B C IJ (&S' (B(B (, &K;::8ILJ 6MC? KN)#:N;O+P#: Q;# I J &CFH E, ILJ (&Q ''>) ' # Y(B(S$B'BZ(' $ 4 & QF4[&'G '\4FG\(''' ')BQ ''&) ' # Y'(B$&0>'Z(' $ 4 & QF4[3)G '\4FG\(''' (CχILJ '0 S' CHI + L Q# Q# J 6)FC I#: #< Q; JIJ! ME - KI! τ J #+ IJ?! $ ME \3BZ(' ) FG \Z(' & FG τ ])Z(' $> \Z(' FG \BZ(' & FG τ ])Z(' $>! ])'$B'! ]('$&' ()

14 &&9IH I IHHJHHLCJ LI HHC $ I HC L LI MM ;HIIIL JMN HHJ H L I H- J C I HKI ILI K LI H L C I K M I.IH K C I L J L J MN L MH I I % C I L H MI LC I K " L L K I L I I 7M L LC I M K ; LL I LI L C H K H I. L HC L I N I IC = J I N K J C J LI KJKCH K LII K L " L LI L H C JI C H LI MH L I L L K F;, G HL? $F, U ; ($U, GCHHJ L (

15 L J''( ^ L M % H LC L PH JI L H K H C I HJ KK I.HJ., ;, 0_ L LI K F, `" $,`" G., ;, J H I HJI K K I MILC M K IIMK LFD9 ) G FD9 + GF $ G% IM C H HH K C H MH I L L L LCJM IK I N KII L 4 J L IC H J K F =6#G K HJ HH LIL K H HJ HH FE? L9!E C;?I L9!; G4 IL HJ., Q;, R.S3T - C K JLI MH I L L% I CJ LLI K H L L OL MJL I P L (B

16 ) <)" L ILC L I $., Q;, 4I K LKMH L &)H % CMHIJ N KL K H L C J IP LI K K C H I H I IMICIMI6XBλ E C M K JL M L F! "?!"G MN 6X JLH 4Y)''MN L λ 6 Y & L J λ 6 Y'R.$T % I N K MMMCH K%JM KH C F $)"C&"C("C'"G K F&"G F L GC L F("G F H (>

17 G F'"G F L G J K K H JMNCJ H KH C LLLH L H IPL JMN6X H H M HL λ E LCJHJNLI C L K I LJL I L LIC L L K L C L L K M H F "?"G L K C J LJ MN J KC H L K M H "F#G L N LI IIC L L H LKMC N I B$ )C&C( ' H F $)"C&"C("C'"G )=) L K M HC"F#GC G HH LKMC JLM* G LCGGL (0

18 7 BCK MN H N IC K J H LMN K LI 4 MN L L PHML &?JMHH J L L I H C L J KI MK MM CJ- IL LJL L C J HHLKML C L I L F = 6#U $ =6#G C K L H H H K L LI MM 1 L CJ C L LI I LI M L LI L JM L K M H LLδF BG% K I K I I H C MN K H JM 7LKML H LI K I., Q;, LI J;, L $ 7 LJ I IO L LI (3

19 H 1., Q;, L JM O KCJ II K LHCJ F;, GJ N L MH, ILI LLC I N H I NC L K M I L H L J L J K MNFJG HCH J LL H L LM J N H C L J LK ML 7 LJ ML C MLI MN L MN 6X% CL LCHH H I J I % R4+6S'C 6 %SST C J C K LL L I F GL M K L LML* = πh ' CF&(G h I"FQ&πGC F 34 $ KFGC D9 +3)4 FLG I I K - F&(G C J M C LL L J I LMHM (S

20 % (SS> C HL O F LI JO "$AGC LI K I.;, ;, R94S>T % L C J K H J F >G =J JNC J L I F GC M N K 0 $(> " I F G L K K % L LI J L J LI MN H C H JIL H I 1 HR94S>TLJ MNC C J H KN JMN )R) -JMN K L.;, Q;, L MNQ MNQ Y'&K ML D ' Y )B' D " LI I MN R 94S>T &'

21 0 LI J H L LLI HJJHJ NC J H L L C ILI -JC K K L M a b L )*)JHGL G!" # J IJ HJ6 L K R+'&T% LC LM K I K MIC K M C H K HC H L O N K JI ;HI I L I C H I L L L L JLLML "MN I I I L K $I &(

22 I R=SBT H K C H L MN + H H IK J H LKML I I L L L R=ST-JC J LM L K H HJI K I CH L JLIK I I I KJ; MN L I I MN FJI GC H KJ I J KL IO LI K N)$ CHLLI K LC &$L L I JLII F %!?%!G LM &$ )$ K $ F$GR )3T H JL $C J L HJ &$ A$D =c RA+ST )$ JLIL 4 KD$% RD-&>T C L K LKML J L I L 4K K LJ I, / 7+, 7 6 R0BT 3 H CLI L K, &&

23 )O) I I =6# R IJ T 4 =6#L LII L N MK 'B=JL KCJ K KMN L (µqj =6# J N 6 J L HJ JMN C HIJN % I=6# K LHJF19 D$19DGMK(' $(' $(' $S 4% L K J I K I K M H L K % JM L L C H L I LN K L*, C.C;C,CC-CC4J LC FG H L K J K 1 - &'' $(''' "C N L &)

24 C JL % C H L I C H LLI K LI L LI I KJMN C N K I H) 7M I K C H L IIHCHL KJ H L HJ C I C KL I K H J K L L "K I K H H J L K "J=6#L JMN L H F + 9 # # " $ +9##"4 LI IJH L I +9##"C JMNKL $% I =6# $ C LI K LIHJ LKML L KLIC J H C L L J MK K 7 R!+6STC H J N ; % MC., Q;, L MN L., % R%+6''C +6S>T % C J MN MMI.,. LI R+6S>C%+6''T S &

25 )N) +., Q;, L M L., G+6S> G%+6''CcF=!GFG K., J;, % J LI JLJ MLILJ N FMN., J ;, G JI J MMMMM$M L H C H HJ M LI LI H HC H L L &B % L L HI K LII., Q;, ;HIK MM $ HJ HI K I H H CLJL L L L MKKL &B

26 L L % HM K MM C H I K L - HJ H L L K M L L LMN HC I JI H % L N M L MJML K N N CL IJJM &>

27 ;$&G )(% KL I % L L L "!4C H L I I MI LII N N L MH% L LI K H LLI K JLI$ LL L?IXF$ HG - L K I "!4C N L-JC I K L I "!4C I * I$K F.$DG J LM$K F$DG $& '() -.$D J MN H M FGC MN I X I F Φ, GL F), G H.$DJ J NMNMN I *.$D I X L 01./ =. CF)(G -., '.?I ICG?CH?K K LI KC %.? MN C? H MC? 61K 7MJCJGHII$1 LIHF)(G MN HMFG* &0

28 0 = F)&G. - 1, N I MN X Φ, KJ R'0T* Φ, -. =, CF))G ;?I; F? + I '. K M M K.$D ML H HK %MN I '. L K L KJ IK LI.$D KJ IHJNMN L L%. 7LMNL HH * / 3 =, CF)G. J'?MILIKJ).$D J I$K&)> $& +() HI$JIXLI KILMI+CH JKLII LM J I K LD)CHI IK IDALMNIML * &3

29 2 4 2εε = = 3 5 CF)BG ε? MN HJC ε,? C K? MN JL I M; $ I J H L C L H LI LMN L L MNK %IX LM$ K F$DG L K L L F), 4B H M MN C LI I N M LI H " I X F? HG LL CJMNLM IKLI LHR'0T* = 2 0 εε * ( 3 1)?F)>G L /?LH"KLII 1Y1 A M1Y$ F)>GL K* = ( 3 1) 2 0* εε, F)0G 7F)0GJMN $& F1GL I I-KL IKJMNL F), G L NLK FL / 4% $ D L K L LC I I I L &S

30 % C I L LCJMN $& YF GL 7JJN L L +) 3K 4CLM KL $ R,!3'T* * 3( 5) = εε, 1 εε 2 / F)3G, = F)SG $, +() -K MN JL XC I L J I IN M IP I LM - J N LM$KL F$DG % L L L KL L K J AF9 < GCCJLI IP LI M 6LI HJ H I J N K I R=,!SBC,,!SBC 6cS3T IILI L K$D X LIL F., Q;, G L MN F &>GC H L I K MH LIL R;'0C 9 =SSC!,!SSC $ 6'ST C J K MN H F&)GCL $DK L )'

31 K H CH L K H L M J J KCJ NMN I C J H J N M L H H J L H $ J K N M LI J H-KCJ$DJLN K M IC L I I I KIJMK M $%K M $D J MN L L MH J HLJ LF ]UF$# Q4G L CJ $DLF$D$4G KJLK MI LLMHLF G K MI H LII F:G- R6cS3T I MN LL IF II:G HLII KF MM:G %K L C MN LLF G L KL J K MN H LI F:G C J IJLI H LI LI C L K L KJ $D, K N KHINL C J K K MN H LII# H LI KN NHLII K%LI$D$4$ )(

32 D$JNJMNK H?LMHL +) 3K 4 =LI I K $DC F)3G J N L MH L M I% H M K H L % L C H I K M L L HKL L LI % H J N MN L C JL I KM LI C LI LI MN L%MLL +) 3K 4L K M H LI J LMI K H I LIII H $D )L L % L L LM 9 9 &0B, LM$ K &B \ 4 \ )'' K MI (' 9\ \( =9, H LIF) G (''D )& K H?"!4 4 "!4R!7,0TF"!c4 G (S0 "c! -! K HC H LI H L J N H L* L L LC HL MH LK H 4 )&

33 L LLMHL I $? H I dc K-CJ"!4L II MIC L K HH L L K I HH " M I LI I M - K J L K L K IP K L J L N K LK L L FK GFG % "!4 K K H LMC H I M H LM K H I L, L K H LI K LMM I L "!4HLL I LKM $!#, - LM "!4C I LI IP MH K I KC JLK K LMHJLCJ M LH LJL I MI "!4 L MN L L MH L " LJ ))

34 M C J L, N H MN L L MH H K I ('" L )#:)FG LIJ LF G F GC9 +$KP C9 1$K C9 <( A LI M LH -K J N I KLIH* * = * + * CF)('G * - L MI LHC $ MIHC *- $ L LI H M * $ LI H %H LKC MN L HL MC* * = F)((G +HF)('GJ N* = * F)(&G * - * )

35 7M H F)(&G *- KLIIJMN* = CF)()G * = L O CJ L *?"* - O L A = ' ' CF)(G < M J A 9 1? K F ('G 7ML MN * = σ 7 F)(BG σl L HC 7 $ MI I KMI HC $ LI H H F)()G C K H F)(G F)(BG F)()GL KLIH MN L* ' 6 '- = σ 7 - F)(>G JLKHJNI* = * ' ' - 6 CF)(0G * L I K MI H M C N M L L H L JMI* )B

36 = σ 7 * ' ' - - F)(3G 7M JNC J M KMN H 7 K MN H * - C - C HL HσJCH MN LL HJ N * ' ' = σ CF)(SG - 2= 8 ( ) π C 7 +? H M 7 H F)(SG JM - - = C, CL I I HF9 + (9 1 4? LII M K 3; σ 4 -, JNHMNL9 N9 (9 1 LHL MH% H LL K J K LL - H "!4 J J N LK H K J LM L IIJNCJL JCJ H L H JMN* *- = * C << CF)&'G $ LILLLH % C+? LMN I L L L H % C L /? LHFG )>

37 $% % "!4 K LK LM H HL K I LK H I "!4 (( )##) N LI I I "!4 M LI L* H % K LI LK MH H BH -?KLIB $ HM K L LI LI LM K MN:N? 7 MLC H J LMN I - L H H J N L K LM I, N K L LM LIC L JL K I K I LLII KI?HF I[$GF (&G LLC J I I L K 1 Y $ 4L L MN L L H LMN I + F (&(G 7M I J K LI H - C MN )0

38 JLL KFHF)SGGCLMNIM C H K JL AC I F (&&G H I KC K H LI K F (&)G LI H I IJI IK H L L K H L LMHLMNI LIL M+F (&G =J NC J LM I LI MH L * = τ = F)&(G [ ] τ $ I ILM )#+)L LMHI JI -L ILMI L LLM F G )3

39 $$.!/01. % "!4 LM LI L MH L 4 LML H HC 3 I 4+HJ LML MMN "!4FH )&&GCH KM KL LI F ()G, ( ) ( ) = F)&&G " C HL L "!4 L LK () H K"!4 LMHK M )#;) "!4L M LJ LKLMK M % L L I C J HJ LM C - L I C L J HJ L L HJ LM " M M L.3 O 4L HJ L MN )S

40 LHL IMN IJ 6 FUF$# Q4GG M L K ICK L L L K L 1 KB MN L L LC L J JMN* = = / F)&)G H M KL M L MN L M K MI + FG $0 /01.30/01.4 % LL "!4 L J HJ J H L LM 4!"!4 R" 7,ST L I IC H K L! N J LMJMNCJL CHL LM L M L LM:34 L KLI F)&G* () = 6( ) CF)&G <34L LIK M L!X% M L L <34 L :34 L K L Rc3&C " 7,SC. c+.sstc H LLI I K!LL:34I K?!"!4 F!"!4G '

41 4!"!4 L C H LI L4cRc3&C. c+.sst I* 4. Rc3&TC A4.+#; R% S&T A!; R= T +I L L <34B H M L! "!4 " L <34 N L δ ";HII!"!4H II "!4 L LL J MN J L KNC J MN I!"!4 J H C L L C L, L!"!4 K HJN I LIC MN LMH H K HJN LL R" 7,'T +HJ MKI"!4!"!4 (C H H H F#(#&G )#<) G 4 JMN "!4 I "!4 + Y&'' $( F G!"!4L LH 4Y(0'JI #(#& (

42 7 (C I#&L LI #( % I MMM#&L J4 I I!"!4 I C J I LK% M LH H#(#&HJ K(' LI J MNC J!"!4 L I II ILLJMN NCHJI L # L MH H `" HJ K L K H L K H N N "!4!"!4C MI L R +6'C #,!')C+6SST 1 "!4!"!4,( $56!#, 7+1. % I $H "!4 J L L H L I LI MH K M, N "!4 I L M L K K LL MH L M =4 F = 4 G R6#!0ST% L K L LIK1Y C L M M F I G H ( Q & # \e\# %MI I $ KCH C I I J &

43 IKH % - LIL M I M I LC I LM JL=4 LLL"!4 + (B HJ K "!4=4 )#=) H "!4 =4 L H K ILMR+63(T J H C H L K M H L M H fh M J N H L!#" L HJ PH M L L (> I K LM L IC H LI M )

44 M %I M LIL L L LLM L LK H % H I I N LL 4 (>L LM M IC 4 L J N LM J KC J I J IJL JIN M J LC J I I MC I L;, I J (> C L (EHI@J ('' 'S3 'S> 'S 5I 5I 'S& ' ( & ) B > 0 3 S (' 3IJ SR; 4Y(3' Y$)D )#R) LMICHLLI KFH g>)g 4Y(3'-IMI!#"Fh UY(&''G

45 % H I =4 LI K., Q;, K LMNIC LN N L C H I M LI K J MM$% M N L M L C LM K L I K LI C H L K =4 L,& $8#!! # " I H L LHLI K M H L MH I K O L KJ K <N- 5 (- * )F ( LI L H JLI KLCL L L L MH "J KJ I FK- * (- 2 )F ( K GJNJH CMLI KM % L K H % J HC H M K * X$A F J LGC L L H J L L L % JL L (0 B

46 )#*)LK? MFIG FG= LLMH*G LX$AC GHCG C9?L C J9 &<? L JK KR6S&T = L K (0 LL H H M % LC L LMHLIL J J N! J L IJI L L IL L O L IJI (3 >

47 )#O) L IJI L F., Q;, G? M = LMH*G LX$AC G HCG C9 -?L CP9$LC? MN Ch ω$ MN K $C H KL L 7 LJ ML C M LMHJNJ CHJL IHH # X$A L L L ILCH J J K MN δ9# A (S)3RA+)3T%I MI MN LMH B< KJ F)&BG* 6 = δ' 6 ' δ' 6 = σ 7 * - - F)&BG #L L ML * 0

48 δ' 6= 6F)&>G % JNC J MN J L δ93<4 J J I KJ " J L MH I L HC M LI K LIL L K LI HLII K - (3C M LLI K L 9 - C LC LI I Khω KHL LI LM H KL L 4 H LMH M J H LM H$ RD0ST L $ R=+!3&C =7,3'T-L H K HHJC MIR"+6S0C=7,3'C. 3)T " H FK - (- 2 )F ( H H G J L LC J M LI KI LILH7 $ HLII KL LI L MH (S00 R00T % RD7,0SC;+6'>TCJ MN LLMH HLIL L KLIIJMIF)&0G* 06 " ' = " ' 0 6! 6 h F)&0G $*9:,, 7I LJL L C J LI IJI M 3

49 IJLL LC J H I L O MN MHC H J L N L J % L C L C K H CJ N F G7M C H JL C F GCLIKL J IP L F G O MNMH1HLICJNC J H FG I N CL IFNBB$QGN L KC J L H IJK K L L C L L K M MN L J I I KN L C LF IPGCLLI K LI 4 L H I HI LKL JL L K L MN LI J N N K M-L L LC MI LR; -6S(CAS&C S)T #C HL J NC M H N K IJ KJ * ' 4 = CF)&3G S

50 A $ L L +? L LMI L, N L LC JNJ L K L - J K N J *, ILJ )' &B &' (B (' - 4 << (' (& ( (> (3 &' && IJ F)&SG % L R%L +6S>T C J., Q;, M &B N)'D )#N)#., Q;, L % LIM$ ik J9 + R.S3T (S O L JM H., Q;, R.S3T - C J O N H., Q;, B'

51 - J JO C J KM MC L H I I M NK# ]('$)'DN H ))4I -L L M L HJ L H H ;H L M L C LI KK IJ =H KH L LM K %LMN L M J L H. C M L L L L J ML "L K K J O LM LH II IC J H M K LMM L L MC I $F$GC L LM H 7M K $ L HC H L LK M LI I H H% C K $ K C H L C JL XC LIC J I 7M I L C K L L K H I 7M I L C L O L K K B(

52 -L I KMI K % H M M LLI K F M M LG KL C L K I % C L., Q;, C L $ K R6,!'(C+6''TJ L LI C I J N L C N L H IC J., K LI M + L M F$G, NIC N ;, 4 L M K I J KNC J HJ H I C L JHLL 6JL M JH L R6c+6'&C+6''T-JCI J N L J L L KI H L I JL H C H K L N MN H L K KLI ICJ LI K HJ M LC J K NCJL MN LLL K H J C LM KL L L ;, &' I LI K I H B&

53 L MC L MH L L OLL I )+:)I I., Q;, G LIM KI I %CLIL H I G% H I C H LI LI ;, G; M LLI K C LL G+L L I H II 6 ) % L CL L H B)

54 H., Q;, % L KM LLI K J L Q H ML CJ ILH F&G I HC J H J MNC J LC J MM C J L B

55 <$%C L HIKMN L% I LJL C L O ( H % L H K H LI LJL H I H &(, L H K JLIL., LIL % F., G L K K ;, F M '' G I =6# J;, [ L F(''G R4'0T 4 Y S' ;, 4 Y >'' KN H LI HJ KK IMI., F (3$)B=!GJ I L $ ;K MN H I,A= % (' S $& H, Q; Q L H C X HL H H HF,Q4G M )'M(B' µb' µ$d XCJKLI Y ' D LLI K I JI I XK BB

56 Y$(BDLCJ MN JLK K KLI =L K L J K CL KLI R+6'C#,!')T J MNC J H U. D; D('' = = 1 = &( H HL H M H I MN % NC J FB' jg ;, N LK C MH KL )+#)H H F L G H H JL H LI L M IH K - &( C J H L g>)c g> g(0& LI K H LHJM., J H g('& g(003 HJI K H MI L JH g>)cg>g(0&il LIK B>

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