9iJJa: ISO 9000 Kal npootaoia KaTavaAwn; - napaoeiyllata aotoxiac:.. l

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1 9iJJa: ISO 9000 Kal npootaoia KaTavaAwn; - napaoeiyllata aotoxiac:.. l npolovtwv. ElOl1YI1T~<;: K. n&'ljovic5l1c;, MM, 6/vT~<; TIl~llaTo<; Engineering Consulting and Quality Application Services, EUCAT SA. KaAllOnepa, Kupie~ Kat KUpIOI. 9a npocmabtiaw Ileaa ae 15 Aema va aa~ lletmpepw TTlV neipa nou exw a no TOV eaat]vlko xwpo, KaBw<; KQl TO e~wteplko, ae SellaTa npootaala~ KaTavaAwTti, aac.paaela~ npo'iovtwv Kal Tl oxtot] exouv auto. Ile Tl~ npo15taypac.ps<; ISO n&pia'llll'l H npotaot] elaaywyti~ auotnllato~ 15laac.p6.AlOT]~ nol OTTlTa~ (~ln) ana TT]V Eupwna'iKn 'EvwOT], KaSw<; Kal T] elaaywyn TT]<; m;llavot]~ EC ae npo'iovta nou 15loxe TeuoVTal OTT]V eupwna'ikn ayopa, eixe aav anotsaealla TTlv ac.punvlot] TOU emxelpt]llatlkou Koallou ae tupwna'ikn KAillaKa (Kall15laiTepa OTT]v EAA6.l5a) OXeTlKa Ile TO Sella TT]~ nolott]ta<;. nolottlta, 0IlW<;, 15ev OT]llaivel 1l0VO au~t]ot] napayw YlKOTT]Ta~ Kal auott]llatlkii pan TWV epyaalwv ae Ilia entxeipt]ot], aaaa Kal «tubuvt]» npo~ TOV TeAlKo Ka TavoAwTtl KQI ael3aallo TWV (5lKOlwllaTWV TOU Kal TTl<; awilotlkn<; TaU akepoiott]to<;. To npoac.pota nopo (5eiYlloTo emkv15uvwv nolxvl(5lwv nou 15loxeTeUST]KOV OTT]V eaat]vlkn ayopa TT]V nepio15o TWV eoptwv TWV XplOTOUYsvvwv anoteaouv napa15elylla npo~ onoc.puyli, aam Kal nepaltepw npoi3at]llatlallou. H napouao elm;yt]ot] eotla~el TT]V npoaoxti TT]~ OTO 0 XI Toao npoc.pavn TIlr;llaTa TWV npo15laypac.pwv ISO 9000 nou avoc.pepovtal OTT]V aac.paaela npo'iovtwv, KOew<; Kal TT]V unoxpewat] KMe napaywyou I npoilt] eeuttl va auj.lllopc.pwvetol KaTaMT]Aa. napouala~ovtal napa15eiyllata Kal neptntwael~ a OToxia~ npotovtwv TT]~ evxwpla~ Kal noykoallla~ a yopa~, KaSw~ KOlj.leBo15ol emvxou nolott]ta<;, Texvl Koi KavoVlaj.loi Kal npo15laypac.pe~ aac.paaeia~ npo'io VTWV. TeAo~, auvtoilt] neplypac.pti OKOAouBei Yla Tl<; 1l e6 15ou~ npootaaia<; napoywywv and KaTayyeAi ~ eu8u VT]~ aotoxia~ npo'iovto~, 15la j.leaou OAOKAT]PWj.lEVOU ~ln Kal awotn<; TeKIlT]piwOT]~ Kal c.poplloytie; autou. EloaywYrl noioti1ta H nolott]ta onwe; KOl T] OJ.lOpc.pul elvol avtlk lll VlKOiopOI, Kal e~aptwvtqi KaTa ll yaao llepoe; ano TOV KPI Tr;. EivQI, Aotnov, mbovo auto nou KpiveTal ana KanOlOV we; KaAti~ nolott]ta<; va IlT]V elvol ano15 KTo Ylo Kanolov amo KOl avtiotpoc.po. ~TO naoima OJ.lWe; TT]e; 15laac.paAlOT]~ nolott]to~, T] evvoia nolott]ta exel akpl I3ti xapoktt]plallo KQI OpiZ; TOl we;: «17 o)"oka't]pio rwv arolxeiwv KOI xopokrt]platk(aw npofovto<; Ij Kat unt]pealo<;, nou ovocpepovrol OTT] ouvoror17to IKovono{17aT]<; ovocpep0j.levwv Ij unovoou J.levwv OVOYKWV rou Korovo)"wrlj... (ISO /\e~taoylo noiott]toe;). revvletol, AOtnOV, T] avaykt] va KaTavotiael anoauta 0 napaywyo~ Tl~ onolttia l<; TOU KaTaVOAWTTi ano KanOO npo'iov ti unt]p aia, WOTe va Ilnopea l va lkovonoltia l Tl~ avac.p pollevee;, KaSWe; KOl unovooullev ~ avayke~ TOU. H unap~t] ouottij.lato<; 15laoc.paAIOT]e; nol OTT]TO<; (~ln) e~aoc.poaiz; l ae lleyaao l3a81lo TTlv 0 lloll3aio KaTavOT]OT] lleto~u napaywyou Kal KOTavo AWTtl KOl puslliz;el Tle; vipyelee; OTolxeiwv j.lioe; nt XeipT]OT]e;, onw<; (5loiKT]OT], nwatioel<;, marketing. oxe

2 126 T&XVIKO: XPOVIKO: NO&Jl. - A&dll~PIOC; '95 I A. EOlIITtPIKOC; I B. (E~ TOOll TUnoU) 1. (E~Kpipwall H. (na~piic; Arl")! tacyxa<; KOTI~C; ova IIova&l) W o ::i... z o Q. >< ' > w KaTaOK&Uacmic; fjlumooel TeXVlKO qlokt1.o OTI1 ~laeeol'j IUlV e9vikwv apxc.ily Aa. napellpaol'j TOU KOIVOTlOII1I1EVOU opvav101i0u KaTaOK uacmic; UTlOpllMel OTOV KOIVonoll1l1&vO opvavioiio - TOV T XVIKO qlokt1.o - TOVTUTlO KOlVOTlOII1I1EVOC; OPyaviOlloC; - a~i01.ov&i 111'1 TllOT0111Ta TlPOC; TIC; paolkec; atlql~o&ic; - ~l ~ovei ~OKIIIEC;, av xpelaotei - ek~i~el mototloii1t1ko &~ TaOl'JC; TUTlOU EK KaTaOKtuaan;c; - UTlOpllMel T&XVIKO qloke1.o EN KaTaOKtUaan;C; - XPl10l1l0TlOIei evk&kpiiievo ou OTl1l1a eaevxou TlOI0111Tac; (In) VlQ TO ax&61a01i0 KOIVOTlOII1I1EVOC; OPVav101I0c; - t1.&vx&1 TO In - &~akplpwvel 111V moto111ta TOU axe6laollou1 - &K6i6el moto TlOII1TlKO &~haol1c; EK oxe61aollou1 r. A. E. (nigtoti'ito (An nopoylilyrjc;) (An npoi'ovtwv) npa<; TOV Tuna) EN29002 EN29003 IT. (~akpi/3woll tnt npoyovtwv) :t: ' a ' C A. KaTaOKtUacmic; -~I11.wVtl mototi1ta rtpoe; TIC; paoikec; atlqi~otlc; - emetttl anliace Q. I KaTaOKEuacmic; -~I11.wvel mot0111ta TlPOC; evk&kplli&vo TUTlO - emeet&1 TO anliace KaTaOK uacmic; -XP11011J0Tlolei VKeKpIIIEvO OUOTIJlla TlOl0111Tac; (In) Via TlOpavUlV~ Kal 60KllI&C; ooV&1 TllOT0111Ta TlPoe; evkekpiiievo TUTlO -&Tll9&T 1 TO KaTaoKeuacmic; -XPI1011J0TloI&i evkekpllievo oiiotijlla Tlolo111Tac; (In) Via em9&wpl101'j KQI 60K III&C; ooV&1 TllOT0111Ta rtpoe; TOV VK&KpllieVo TUTlO ~ npoc; TIC; paoikec;! anlla CE atlal~oelc; _em9ei&! TO anllo CE KaTaOK uaan;c; -1.allPaVel IIETpa Via va 6100ql~&1 TlOlo111Ta rtpoc; evk&kpllievo Tuno ~ TlPoe; paolkec; atlal~o&ic; ttll9et&1 TO anliace KaTaOKtuacmic; -UTlOpllMel rtpolov ~I11.ooV&1 Tl000111Ta - tm9em TO anliace KaTaOKtuaan;c; 'XPI101110TlOlti eykekpiiievo In Via napavcilvil KalOOKIII&C; - ~I11.oovel TlIOT0111Ta - &meetel TO anllace c ,-...~ ~ _ _ _ _ c: A.a. KOlvOTlOII1I1EVOC; KOIVOTlOII1I1EVOC; KOlvonOll1l1evoc; KOIVOTlOII1I1EVOC; KOlvonolllllevoC; KOIVOTlOllllI&VOC; opvavlolioc; opvavlolioc; opvavlolioc; opvav101i0c; opvavioiioc; opvavlolloc; - ~lt~ovel - 61&~lly&1 - evkpivel TO In - evkpivel TO rn - eaevx&1 - AEVXEl TO In ~oklllec; OTIC; 60KIII&C; OTIC; eatvxel TO In &1.&vxel TO rn TllOT0111Ta &WIKEC; m&up&c; tl~ik&c; m&upec; &K6i~&1 TOU TlpoiOVTOC;1 TOU rtpoiovtoe;1 motonollltiko -~lf#v 1 '~I ~el TlIOTOTIlTac; ~&lvlj/1.l1mikouc; ~&IVllaT01.l1mIKOUC; i AtvxouC; TuW eatvxouc; TUIV I TlPOiOVTCIlV1 TlpolovTCIlV 1

3 Noe~. - AeKe~~ploe; '95 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO 127 Olao~o. npo~tigelee;, OlKovo~lKa. KaTaoKeuti, eykata OTaOTJ, K.a., wote K0ge ~la va cpepel e~loou ~opoe; we; npoe; TIlv e~aocpaaiotj Tile; KaAlJTeplle; ouvatt;e; nolo TIlTae; npo"iovtoe; ti u"llpeoiae;.. IqIJav01'J CE H mijjavotj CE unoollawvel OTt TO OUYKEKPI~tvO npor OV nailpoi OAEe; TIe; analtt;oele; TWV OXETIKWV KOIVOTt KWV OOllYIWV (Kal E9vIKWV OaTa~ewv) nou eivat 01 e ~tie;: AnAa ooxeia nieotje; OOllyia 87/404/EOK AocpaAEla nayvowv OOllyla EOK npolovta OO~KWV KaTaOKEUWV OOllyla lEOK HAEKTpo~ayvIlTIKti ou~~atotilta OOllyia 89/336/EOK AocpaAEla ~Ilxavwv OOllyia 89/392JEOK Mtoa ato~iktie; npootaoiae; OOllyia 89/6861EOK Opyava ~UYlOTJe; ~Il auto~atou AelToupyiae; OOllyia 90/3841EOK IuoKEute; aepiou OOllyia 90/396/EOK EVEPYO E~cpuTeu~aTa latplko ~oll9ti~ata OOllyia 90/385/EOKl AnatTt;oEle; anooootje; vewv KauoTtipwv ~eotou vepou, uypwv n aeplwv Kauoi~wv m.illyia 92J42/EOK Ml1xavlo~oi KlvtioEwe; Kal avuqjwtlkoi ~l1xavlo~oi OOllyia 89/392JEOK Tep~aTtKOi e~onalo~oi TIlAEmKOlvwvlWV OOllyia 91/2631EOK IxeTIKee; oollyiee; Yla OAAEe; KaTIlyopiEe; npo'iovtwv ~piokovtat uno ~EMoVTIKn tkoootj ana TIlV EOK. o ~IlxavIO~oe; ~E TOV onoio EnlTUvxaVeTal11 mijjavotj CE Emorl~aivETal OTI1V EniOTJ~Il Ecpl1~Epioa TWV EupWnatKWV KOIVOTnTWV (ApI9. 380/26, ) Kal a vacpepetat OTOV nivaka 1. npoon09eotj Yla Til mi~av 011 CE Elval 11 unap~11 Kal UI08tTI1OTJ OXETIKt1e; KOIVO TlKtie; oollyiae;. H unap~11 Kat Tt;PIlOTJ IAn OE ~Ia EmXEiPllOTJ, Ka9we; 'Kal 11 ou~~opcpwotj we; npoe; OXETlKee; OOl1yiEe; Kat TE XVlKEe; npoolaypacpte;, e~aocpaai~ouv TIlV aocpaaela TOU napayojjevou npoiovtoe; OTOV KaTaVaAWTt1, Kal, ouvxpovwe;, Tllv mo anoteaeo~atlkn a~uva Yla TOV napaywyo OTIlv nepintwoll aotoxiae; Kat EnipplqJIle; ~u9uvwv Yla 0lageOTJ EAaTTw~aTIKou npolovtoe;. npocjtaaia KaTavaAwT~ YnoPXEI tva eupu VO~08ETtKO naaiolo nou Em~aMEI UqJl1AO ~a9~o npootaoiae; Tile; aocpaaelae; Tlle; uyeiae; TWV KaTavaAWTWv. AUTO TO naaimo KaAUnTETal ana Tte; E~r,e; oollyiee;: a. 85/374/EOK Yla TIlV «Eu9UvIl TOU napaywyou AOyw EAaTTW~aTlKWV npolovtwv». H oollyia autt1 ~ETacpep91lKE OE e9viko oikalo ~E TO VOJJO 1961/91. Iu~cpwva ~e TO VO~O 1961/91 0 napaywyoe; cptpei Tllv Eu9uvl1 Yla Til ~Il~la nou npo ~tviloe TO npo'iov ~E Til J.lveia em 0 ~IlJ.llweeie; uno XPEouTal va anooei~ei Til oxtotj J.lETa~u TOU npolo VTOe; Kal Tile; ~IlJ.liae;. ~. 92J59/EOK Ya Til "revlkt1 aocpoaela TWV npolovtwv», ou~cpwva ~E TIlV onola 01 napaywyoi unoxpeouvtal ~ETa~u amwv va 0la9tTouv OTIlV ayopa ~ovo a ocpaar, np0'iovta Kal va: naptxouv OTOV KaTavaAwTti TIe; KaTaMIlAEe; nailpocpopiee; nou TOU emtptnouv va a~loaoyei TOUe; EY YEveie; KIVOUVOUe; nou napouma~ei TO npolov KaTa Til OlapKEla Tile; ouvti80ue; n EUAOywe; npo~aenoj.le Vile; xptiotje; TOU, ECP' OOOV 01 KivouVOI autol OEV eival a~eowe; npocpaveic; xwpie; KaTaAAIlAIl npoeloonoilloll, Kal va npootateuetal ana autoue;. "aj.l~avouv KaTaAAIlAa ~ttpa, avaaoya J.lE Ta xapaktilpiotika TWV npo'iovtwv nou npo~il9euouv, nou TOUe; EnlTpenOuv va TIlPouvTal Evti~EPOI TWV KIVMvwv nou EvoeXETal va napouola~ouv Ta npoiovta auta Kal va avaaa~~avouv TIe; KaTaAAIlAEe; opaoeie;, ou~nepiaaj.l~avoj.levile;, EV avaykil. TIle; a nooupotje; TOU OUYKEKPIJ.ltVOU np0'iovtoc; ana Tl1V ayopa Yla va anocpeux90uv 01 KivOUVOl auto ISO 9000 Ka~ia ano TIe; npoolaypacpte; ouottij.latoe; nolotlltae; ISO 9001, 9002 Kal 9003, Z)EV avacpepetal OTTJv aocpa AEla npo'iovtwv J.le J.lOVaoiKti e~alpeotj TIlv "Ene~IlY'l ~atikti» npoz)laypacpti ISO 9004 onou OTO KEcpaAalo 19.0 avaypacpovtal Ta E~tie;: «Ta xapakr/1pwtlka aocpaaelo<; rrpoi'ovro<; Ij urr/1peola<; rrperrel va ee,akpl{3wvovral /-Ie okorro aue,/1o/1 r/1<; aocpaaela<; Kal eaaxtororroi/1o/1 r/1<; eueuv/1<; AOyw e Aarrw/-Iaro<;. Evepyete<; OxeTtKe<; /-Ie roy rreptoplo/-lo KIVi5Uvou KaraA6YI0/1<; eufjuv/1<; Kal eaaxlororroi/1o/1<; KpOUO/-larwv rrperrel va rrpo{3aecpfjouv ola /-Ieoou: a. avayvwpto/1c:; OxeTtKWV rexvtkwv rrpootaypacpwv, {3. OOKt/-lWV oxeoiao/1<; KaeWC:; Kat OOKl/-lWV rrpwrorurrwv, y. avaauo/1 OO/1ytWV Kat rrpoetoorrol/1t1kwv O/1/-1aVoewv oro xprjor/1, urrape,/1 eyxetploiwv ouvrrjp/1o/1c:; Kat oxerlkrj olj/-lavo/1 Olacp/1/-110r1KOU UAtKOU, wore va arrocpeuxfjei ruxov eocpaa/-iev/1 ep/-l/1veia Kat e vrurrwoelc:;, 0. avamue,/1 errapkouc:; ouorrj/-laroc:; avixveuo/1<;, wore va eival ecptkrrj /1 avoka/1o/1 rrpolovrwv or/1v rrepimwo/1 rrou avakaaucpfjouv arolxela rrou fjerouv ae Kivouvo mv uyeia rou KaravaAwrlj». 'Eva OAOKAIlPWJ.ltvo IAn ~nopei va napaoxel ~ovaol Krl l3oti9ela OTI1V npoona9ela TOU napaywyou Yla npo Al1qJl1 aywyne; yla Eu9Uvl1 Myw aotoxiae; TOU nporo VTOe;. Eniol1C;, OlJVaTal va OWOEI OTolXEia ava naoa OTIYJ.ln Yla OAEe; TIe; cpaoele; napaywyne;, onwe; I1~EPO

4 'j130cpdn3a j?)l1lnxoia3 'S orl~xl ':JI30cpdn3A j?)lllnxdla3 'c orl~xl 'norlo?qano I}O)lllDOYll oy?laow 't orl~xl Dl.D)I 10)1 'QO~nD!>~rl1)IOQ!:>o~f\(?J.odu nouq~o~rodu!:>~na)lod~d)i llaqsna All~ '!:>1lD!u3 'lax1!:>~wd1q3xo 0 '!:>1AorldDcb3!:>1)111D8rlno OlU 3D AQoSlllOU0r110lidX DA AQodourl nou '!:>alaoyoaxal!>~'('(ou Dlmn3ya1133Q1UDA -D 13X~!:>~)lIrlliwDIQodaD!:>l.lllir1IfWIU3 li 'Dr1AlaQl?dDu DU 'llorollild3u lia~rlld)l3)1ano liw l,laorlddcb3 D1A nol!>d]odada noql?y)i no~!>91)1a ld)i Drl9)1D!:>noQ99arl la) -l?~a3a DA lau~du ld)i lldro~dxoun A~ lax~!:>l,lwdiqaxo o '!:>I:lro) Dr1ol?cb orl10l:ldx 10)1 1l0na)llfeoUD '!:>DIAdnol lay AOYYl?81d3U '!:>D1AOAl?dDU!:>OA1U<!ldSAD '!>l,laroa -DdDU!:>ow9>1!>rou9 '!>a1aoal?ddu lirf19un 1D1AOAl?8r1DY DA lau~du Qor1oDlQaXo lldl?cb lil1 '!:>01A910du nol (afbs "Sf) O!XOWO IfYocboo ll)lal?ad 1f)l1yal 3D ID)I!:>D1Adno~ -lay!>qoy0cboo!>li~ 1l01Yl?cboD3a Ali~o!:>odl?8 oyl?a -arl lsd~cb (OIQ~Xo 9)1IAoYOADXllr1) llddlqaxo l,l)llya~ H )OJ.A9!odu )9r1oD1jl3XI '''1 D1DrtA!32DdDJJ ~~ADrtdDd>3 ~13Df!lWld3U '!:>0~A910du DlaYl?cboD Alll arll?)lllaxo!>01dri1fy80du!:>lldnaaxiad lldro~uldau Allw!>alaAd~Aa!>~)lllro9dOlQ lau~y80du DA 3iD<!l 'OA~rlO -01Q3Xo oyllyyl?10)l 10Ala DA '!>lldlua '13U~du UVI 01 '!>Iaol:lyrou 10)1 )lmlls)ldl?rl 01 '!>0~A910du no~ llddwl?ld>la3 Ali~ '!:>01A91 -odu no~!>li3n1ul?ao 10)1 QOrl001Q3Xo wa~ l?)ll1sxo Dl!:>011119AnQA1)11U3!:>li$SY89du li~~yarl 'S!SAIBUB >jsp :0~1l1910U D1A 9r1oDlQaXo o~o DlaXl0w!>1f3a Dl nol lirf19un '!>lld!ua 'la8l?y DA lau~du!>9aroaodou 0 'IfAroAo D1A!>OlDrl<!llD)llQ no~!>ifaroadddu!>oa9dx 0 'liwlfdx O~ 9uo!>~UOd~D13r1liw~un A910du 01 nou lldrolli!dau Allw Ifn3)1oo~o)l 10)1 1lD0!QaXo If)uXdD li 'AQ10du OA~rlld)la)lAno 01 ola!>d]3ydcboo!:>~cbddadlqodu 10>1!:>~r11>10Q '<;>rlodlqsxo OW Ao~<;>dacbDAD nou!>ifxou -S!:>1l1!>DlcbDdAo1Y818!:>If>lllaXo!:>li~!:>laolfAllDla!>ll 3011SQoYo>lD 10)1!:>liiD<!lAA AD~1f!:>9AroADdDU 'l?doao Allw a>l1l9~~01q A910du OA~rlld>l3)1Ano O~ nou IfrlAll0 li~ 3Xdyun A3Q DIX -OiDO Ali~ 303Yl?)lodu nou orlro1l?yy3 A<;>Xnl O~ 119 :!39X13 QOU -0 DA D1A OID>lADAO lda13 l?~no DISXlOW D1 '!:>0~A910du noa~rild)l3)1ano nol!>lldlly<!lu 01Allr1od3r111lD)I A<!lril)1 -OQ D13XlOW 'noxa~y3!>~docboao '!>lfn3)10d1d)i DIAllrl 96.!>01d8rl~)lav - 'r1~on l?)llaodx l?)llax31 8C:~

5 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO 129 I IX'U.1a 4. Karavop~ raoewv Kara r17 CPOpno t ( vpaq>i]e; Kat nai]poue; KaTaVOnone; TWV KaTO neplmwon 1l0VTEAWV aotoxiae;. napij6tlylla A1: tqkjplloy~ ntntpaoj.l&vwv OTOIXtiwv Yla PtATiWOI1 OXt61aOllOU npoiovto~ npo~aqllo o OUV<leOIlOe; TOU «KaAovi]poU» (coat - hanger) napouolo~el UltlnAO nooooto aotoxiae; (Spauone;) oe OUV 8i]Kee; xallnai]e; q>opt1one; H KaTaoKeuoOTpla etalpeia ava8etei OTnV EU.C.A.T. Tn llemtn Via TnV eniauon TOU npo~ai]llatoe;. XpOvoe; lleattne; KaSopl~eTat oe 4 6 ejj<loilmee;, Mvw enepxollivne; ekseone; mo ef;w TeplKo onou TO npoiov Sa npenel va napouolaosei xwpie; np6~anlla. AvaAuoq o oxe<llaoiloe; TOU ouvmoilou eivat ef;alpetlko nomnaokoe;. Mvw TWV veupwoewv TOU. Via SeWpnTlKi] a vaauon. Anoq>aoi~eTal n I.I0VTeAOnoinon Ka, eniauon TOU npo~ai]j.latoe; l..ie TnV TeXVtKi] TWV nenepaoi..levwv OTOIXeiWV. EmMveTOI TO emxloto TI..li]l..Ia oul..ll..letpiae; TO onoio opi~etat we; TO TETapTO TOU ouv<liol..lou. To 1.I0VTEAO "XTi~eTal» OTO CAD module TOU npovpol..ll..la DEGEE OF EBOW FEXION h.dl f1r PU " A" ,.7 PUSH UP 62 COWN ~:; lsi, i lt ' }~ "" 107 t., It " HAND AND THUMa FINGE STENGTH (HI HANDGA'P THUMB FINGE TtlUMB fii<lge GIP (PAMEI GIP (TIP$I MOMENTAY HOD susraineo HOlD 145 ISS IxfJpa 6. luvaplka orolxeia and MI STD 1472CI TOe; COSMOS/M. XpnOlI..l0TlOtOUVTaI3D Solid Elements (oxi]l.ia 1). 1<llaiTepn npoooxi] <li<letal OTnV akpljji] a vanapavwvi] TWV veupwoewv 01 onoiee; Kat anoteaouv KaSOplOTlKO napovovto vta TnV KaTaV0I..li] TWV Tooe WV OTO npo'iov (oxi]l..iata 2-3). To 1.I0VTeAO q>opti~etal Kal akoaou8ei avoauon j..ie nenepa0l..leva otolxeia IN OUT U

6 130 TeXVKO XPOVKO NO&IJ. - llek&lll3poe: '95 AnoTEA&o~oTO H KaTaVOllfJ TWV Tooewv eivat unepl3oako uqjllali OTO OlllJeio ouvkevtpwoile: Tooewv (oxnlja 4). ITO ioo 011 IJEio napatllpeita Kat Il 8pauoll TOU npavljatlkou npo"(ovtoe:. O TOOee; OTO OUVKEKPIJ&VO OIllJeio unepl3aivouv TO OPO 8pauOIle; TOU UAKOU. H oljooa ava AUOIle: ano<paoi~e Til OOKIJJ1 UAK!i)V Alvon:po qja8upwv (brittle). EmTuvxoveTal Il emaovj1 UAKOU Tlmou ABS onou OTO EmKivouvo OIllJeio O Tooee: oev unepl3aivouv TO OPIO 8pauOIle: TOU UAKOU. 0 OXEOaOIJOe; (vewljetpia) TOU npolovtoe: KpiveTat KavonOIlTIKOe; Kat OTIlV KaTaOKEUOOTpa etatpeia npon::ivetat IJOVO Il aaaavfj TOU UAKOU KaTaOKEUfJe; IxoAlo H nepimwoil autii xapaktnpi~eta and TO OaiTEpa a natiltlko CAD e~aitiae; TWV nomanawv veupwoeoov, AnAonoillOll TOU npol3a1iljatoe; lje e~6aelqjll TWV veupwoewv 8a ooilvrloel oe Ao90e; avoauoil. Ta anoteat OlJaTa Tile; apx1krle; avoauolle: IJnopouv va OOIlVrlOOUV oe onj1 avtljetwman: a) evioxuoil TWV veupwoewv OTIlv neploxj1 Tile: olapporle; TOU UAIKOU rl 13) OTIlV aaaavrl TOU UAIKOU Tile; KaTaOKeUrle;. EmAtx81lKe Il oeutepll AUan Via Ka9apo OIKOVOIJIKOUe; XOVoue;, AAAaVrl Tile: oxeoiaolle; TOU nporovtoe; npogn09&tel v&a KaAouma, opa Kat ljevoail eml3opuvoll TOU KaTaOKeuaOTJ1. H MOll (13) eiva IOaV1Krl e<p' OOOV unopxel Il ouvatotilta emaovfje; eljnoplkou UAIKOU nou va IKavonOlei TIe; analtrloele; TWV avtoxwv TOU npoi3arlljatoe;, Movo KallJOVO (nav OEV eivat e<piktn Il Man (13) OOIlVOUlJaOTe OTIlV emaovrl (a). nopa~tlvljo A2: t'opiiov~ IJIlXOVIKOU not Via o~loaoviloil OXt 61001J0u KtPOlJlKOU OKOVIOT~ ljaxolplwv npo~aiwo H npowpll aotoxia KepalJ1Krle; pof3oou akovotrl lja XalpWV. KaTo Til i5lapkea Tile; i5aotkaoiae; akovoijou, Il KepalJKrl pa13ooe; napouoia~e npowpil aotoxia lje anot&aeolja TOV TpaUlJaTOIJO TOU XePOTJ1 and TO ljaxaip uno O~UVOIl. AvaAuo~ EmMveTal aneu8eiae; IJllxaVKO TeOT Tile; OUOKeUrle: u no e~ttaoll Va TOV Ka80pOIJ0 <poptiwv nou npoka AOUV aotoxia. KaToMIlAIl i5latq~1l OXei5o081lKe eli5l Ka Via Til OTrlP~1l TOU i50klijiou (13A. OXJ1lJa 5). AnoTtA&O'lloTo H avtoxrl Tile; KepalJKne: pa13i5ou uno Til lle80i5o <pop Tlane; TOU OXnlJaTOe; 5 eivat IlIKpOTepll TOU ljeoou opou <poptiou nou Ilnopei va npokaa&oel evae: KaTavaAwnie; KaTO Til olai5lkaoia akovoijou (13A. oxjilja 6 Va OU ValJlKO OTOlxeia ljeoou KaTavaAwTJi - MI - STD C/ ). IxoA1o H nepimwoil autrl xapaktllpi~eta ano TOV Ka9apo eaamj1 IJIlxaVOAoVKo oxei51aoij0 TOU npofovtoe; Ka TIlV ovvola TWV av8pwmvoov i5uvaljlkwv opiwv. Ixrll./Q 7. ltara~i1ili1xovikou rear nruaaollevou KoBlalloroc;. IXr7llo 8. Merpl1al1 nopollopq>wa'1c; pe '1AeKTPOIlI1KUV Olollerpo. B. noiotikoc; tatyxoc; 'OAa Ta nporovta npene va nepvouv i5okiij&e; xapa KTIlPOTKWV AelTouPviae; KaTa Til i5lapkea TOU KUKAOU KaTaoKeuJie;, Ka8we; Kat OTOV TeAIKO noiotko eaevxo. TeOT ouvji8we; vivovtat OUIl<Jlwva lje i5le9vj1 npotuna rl TexvlKoue: KaVOVlOIJOUe; otav autoi unapxouv, rl a KOlJa Kat OUIJ<Jloova lje npoi5lavpa<p&e; TOU i5iou TOU Ka TaoKeUaoTJ1 13aOl~OlJeVee; 0Tllv nomxpovll neipa TOU. napa6tlvij0 81: t,apijov~ IJIlXOVIKOU TtOT Via nolotiko tatvxo muoooljtvou Ka8ioIJOTOr.; npo~aililo H npowpil aotoxia ljetaaaikou muoooljevou Ka8iolJaTOe;. AvaAuo~ EmAtveTat aneu8eiae; IJllxavlKo TeOT TOU Ka8iolJaTOe; uno ee,i:taoll Via TOV Ka80pOIJ0 <poptiwv nou npoka AOUV aotoxia, KaTaAAIlAIl I5laTaE,1l oxei5o081lke eli5l Ka Via Til OTJ1PE,1l TOU i5okiljiou (13A. OXrllJa 7). AnoTEA&olloTo H avtoxn TOU Ka8iolJaTOe; uno KaVOVKfJ <poptlan (oxlilja 7) unoaoviotil Ke VU pw OTa 500 KAQ, To noaa auto

7 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO 131 IXrJJlQ 10. npootattutlko KIYKA[OWJlQ. IXrJJlQ 9. npowpi7 QOTOXiQ PE ooxeiou ~ev~ivl7~. evoi KOTO noau lleyoautepo nov npoyijotlkwv cpop Tiwv KOTO Tr\V npof3aenojjevll AelToupyio TOU npoyjjo nou uno~elkvuel ootoxio uno IJIl KOVoVtKi:e; ouvsii Kec;. H npookomiloll IlAeKTpojJl1KUVOlOjJi:Tpwv mo ou YKeKptjJi:vo OIljJeio oti)pt~llc; (f3a. oxlijjo 8) TOU mpoy YUAOU KoSioIJOTOC; KOt TO OVOlYIJO KAeiOlIJO TOU KO SiOjJOTOC; oni:~el~ov Til ~IlIJlOUpyio Tooewv unepovw TOU eaomlkou opiou TOU UAlKOU Ile onoti:aeojjo TTl IJOVljJll nopojjop<pwoil TWV eykonwv oocpoaeioc;, npo KOAWVTOC; etol Tl1V OAioSIlOll TTlC; pof3~ou oti)pl~lle; 0 no TIC; eykonee; OOcpOAeioe;. 0 IJIlXOVIOjJOe; OUTOe; litov uneusuvoe; YO Tl1V omoselo TOU npoiovtoe; Kat TIlV TeAKIi TOU OOToXio. IXOAIO H nepimwoll outii XOPOKTIlPi~ETat and TOV KOSOPO eaamli eaeyxo KOTOOKeulie; Kat ~to~tkoolwv TeAIKOU eai:yxou. napali&ivlla 82: &A&VXoC; X'1I1IK~C; &K8&o'1C; npopai1110 H npowpil ootoxio naomlkou (polythylene) ~oxeiou f3e v~ivile;. AVOAUOI1 iloklijee; OUIJ<Pwvo IJe npo~loypo<pec; ASTM , U , CSA AnoT A oiloto npowpil ootoxio KOTO TO TeOT xl1jjlki)e; ekseoile; oe igepal Kat nopollovi) oe SOAollo Ulj!IlAi)e; SepIJoKpooioe;. 1.79' l l. I------=--.. l.~_ n~-===la'7l'=::::=iz.49'-=:----i n.lz' WOOD POSTS IXr1JlQ 11. IxeoO OTrJP!~I7~ nqooaawv npootqteutlkou K1YKA!owJlQTO~.

8 132 TeXVtKo XPOVtKO Ix6AIQ Eml5topSwoeu:; KaAOUmOU ane:l5oooav yeoo!..ietptkij 0 llamti'lta OTTlV eoooteptkij enupoveta Kat TTlV e~qaelljjtl npoooptlc:; PTlY!..lOTooOTlC:;. r.eykorooroaq H OooOTiJ eykatootaotj npo'iovtoc:; noaaec:; cpopec:; nail;el OuOtaOTtKO POAO OTTlV OAIKiJ AetTOUPYIKOTTlTa Kal aocpoaela TOU npo"lovtoc:; ij ouotijllatoc:;. napo6&iylla r1: &YKaToarool'l npootattutikou KIYKAI6wllaTOC; 0& 6pOil0 11& OPIO TaxuTI'ITac; 120 XAIIJwpa npoparjllo H KaTaOTpocplKiJ aotoxia TOU npootateutikou KlYKAI I5wllaToc:;!..Ie TTlV KPOUOTJ autoklvijtou OTTlV OKPTl au TOU. npoekal;stl I5IXOTO!..lTlOTJ TOU autoklvijtou (novoo Kal KOToo TlliJlla) Kat 0 akaplaioc:; SovaTOC:; TOU oi5tlyou. AvaAuolJ Ta npootateutiko KtYKAll5wllOTO OTOUC:; OUTOKtVTlTO I5pOIlOUC:; OTtc:; HnA oxel5lol;ovtal Kat TonoSeTOUVTat OUIlCPoova!..Ie TIC:; npol5laypocpec:; TOU American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Kat TIC:; onoltijoelc:; TOU VOIlOU onou yivetat Tl eykotootaotj. Konoc:; TTlC:; SYKOTOOTaOTlC:; sival va snovacpepel TO npookpouoilevo 0XTlIlO OE no POAATlATl IlS OUTO TPOXlO KOl va S!..In015iOSl TTll5leAeu 0Tl TOU oxijllotoc:; nepa ana TO KIYKAiI5OOIlO. MeTPiJoelC:; El5e:t~ov OTJllaVTlKec:; onokaioeic:; ono TO aplo nou npo KoSopil;oVTat OTlC:; npol510ypacpec:; TOU AASHTO Ils KO TaOTpEnTlKO anoteaeolloto. AnonAtoIJQTG AnoTeAsolla TTlC:; IlTl ooootijc:; eykatootaotjc:; ijtav va nepooel TO OUTOKivTlTO KOToo ana TO KIYKAiooollO nopaoepvovtac:; evav ono TOUC:; noooaaouc:; OTiJPI~TlC:;. UYXPOVOOC:;. TO novoo TlliJllO TOU autoklvijtou ocpatpe STlKE ono TTl OlaTIlTlTlKiJ evepyelo TOU npoototeutl KOU CPUAAOU TOU KlYKAtl5wllaTOC:; Ile anoteaeolla TOV akaploio SovaTO TOU oi5tlyou. TeAelwvel Kat 0 XPOVOC:; Kat ijseaa Ile OUTr; TTl OUVTO IlTl neplypocpr; OTO 15 AenTo. va ooc:; I5wooo va KOTavOl;oeTe em Ta ISO 9000 l5ev eivatllovo oplollevec:; 0 ol'lyiec:; nou So npenel va TTlPouVTat. anaa 0 mo Ileya AOC:; okonoc:; eivat '1 TeAtKiJ oocpoaeto TOU KaTavoAooTr; Kal '1 oocpoaela. lloaiota. Tl npootooia TOU KOTOOKeu OOTiJ. TOU napoyooyou. one enipplljj'1 eusuvwv. EuxaplOTwnoAU. npo&~poc; (novvopoc:;): EuxaplOToulle Kal elleie:; KOI 0 KOAouSei 0 ouvaosacpoc:;. ll'1xavoabyoe:; IlTlxovlKae:; K. NIKOAOio'1e:; ona T'1V ESETAM, 0 onoloe:; So Iloe:; IlIAiJoel Ile SElla: «Ellnslpisc:; ona TTl I5OIlTlOTJ TOU OUOTiJ 1l0TOe:; I5laocpOAIOTJ<:; n010ttltae:; OTTlV ESETAM A.E. KO TO ISO 9002».