NEVERMIND, the Problem Is Already Fixed: Proactively Detecting and Troubleshooting Customer DSL Problems

Μέγεθος: px
Εμφάνιση ξεκινά από τη σελίδα:

Download "NEVERMIND, the Problem Is Already Fixed: Proactively Detecting and Troubleshooting Customer DSL Problems"

Transcript

1 NEVERMIND, the Problem Is Already Fixed: Proactively Detecting and Troubleshooting Customer DSL Problems!u Jin, Nick Duf eld, Ale0andre Ger4er, 5atrick 7affner, Su4ha4rata Sen, :hi;li :hang!"#$%&'( )*+',*' -'$&./ 0,+1'(2+&3 "4 5+,,'2"& :6;2<='2'6(*> {C%44 'DC/A'(;'(/>644,'(/2',}B('2'6(*>.6&&.*"# ABSTRACT 8(6C+&+",6D -): &("%;D'2>""&+,A 2"D%&+",2 6(' ('6*&+1'/ ('E D3+,A #6+,D3 ", *%2&"#'(2 &" ('$"(& $(";D'#2/ 6,C &',C &" ;' D6;"(E+,&',2+1'/ &+#' *",2%#+,A/ $(",' &" +,*"(('*& ('2E "D%&+",2 6,C "1'(6DD *6, *",&(+;%&' &" +,*('62'C *%2&"#'( C+226&+246*&+",. F, &>+2 $6$'(/ G' $("$"2' 6 proactive 6$E $("6*> &" 46*+D+&6&' &("%;D'2>""&+,A *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2 6,C ('C%*+,A *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2. I%( 232&'# *",2+2&2 "4J +K 6 ticket predictor G>+*> $('C+*&2 4%&%(' *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2L 6,C ++K 6 trouble locator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`[Z.ZZ. T-):75/ 2'' )'*&+", Y 4"( &>' 6(*>+&'*&%(' "4 -):,'&E G"(H2K C"G, &" 6,C +,*D%C+,A *%2&"#'( $('#+2'2 G+(+,A 6,C >"#' 'O%+$#',& +22%'2/ G>+*> G' ('4'( &" 62 customer edge problems +, &>+2 $6$'(. P>', ',*"%,&'(+,A 2%*> 6 $(";D'#/ A'&&+,A +& C+6A,"2'C 6,C ('2"D1'C *6, ;' 6 4(%2&(6&+,A 'N$'E (+',*' 4"( ;"&> 2'(1+*' $("1+C'(2 6,C *%2&"#'(2. 8>' 2&6&'E"4E&>'E6(& "$'(6&+",6D 6$$("6*>'2 4"( C'&'*&+,A 6,C &("%;D'2>""&+,A *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2 %&+D+@'C ;3 -): 2'(1+*' $("1+C'(2 6(' #6+,D3 reactive +,,6&%('.!%2&"#'( 6A',&2 G6+& 4"( 6 2%;2*(+;'( &" ('$"(& 6,3 $(";D'# ',*"%,E &'('C 6,C %2' C"#6+, H,"GD'CA' &" #6&*> &>' 23#$&"#2 C'E 2*(+;'C ;3 &>' *%2&"#'( &" C'&'(#+,' +4 6 &'*>,+*6D $(";D'# "**%(2 6& &>' *%2&"#'( 'CA'. F, "(C'( &" D"*6&' &>','&G"(H 'D'#',& *6%2+,A &>' $(";D'#/ 6 C+2$6&*> +2 "4&', 2*>'C%D'C 6,C 6 4 'DC &'*>,+*+6, (%,2 6 &(%*H ("DD/ A"+,A $>32+*6DD3 &" 6 *%2&"#'(a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b"g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can we troubleshoot customer edge problems more proactively and with substantially greater ef!ciency? 8>+2 +2 &>' *',&(6D *>6DD',A' G>+*> &>+2 $6$'( 6&&'#$&2 &" 6CC('22. P' G"%DC,''C &" +C',&+43 *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2 6,C 4 N &>'# O%+*HD3 ;'E 4"(' &>' *%2&"#'(2 *"#$D6+, 6;"%& &>'# "( '1', ('6D+@' &>' 'N+2&',*' "4 &>'2' $(";D'#2. F4 2%**'224%D/ G' *6, &>'(';3 ('C%*' &>',%#;'( "4 &("%;D' &+*H'&2/ 6*>+'1' 462&'( ('2"D%E &+",2 6,C $"&',&+6DD3 ('C%*' *>%(,. I%( A"6D +2 &" C'1'D"$

2 &'*>,+O%'2 &>6& G"(H G+&>+, &>' *",4,'2 "4 &>' 'N+2&+,A "$E '(6&+",6D ',1+(",#',&/ ",D3 'N+2&+,A +,4"(#6&+", +,E 4(62&(%*&%(' 6,C 6(',"& $('C+*6&'C ", 'N$',2+1','G +,4(62E &(%*&%(' +,1'2&#',&2. 7D&>"%A> &>'2' *",C+&+",2 +#$"2' *",E 2&(6+,&2/ &>'3 6(' 1+&6D 4"( ',2%(+,A &>' 2%**'224%D C'$D"3E #',& 6,C 6C"$&+", "4 ('2%D&+,A &'*>,+O%'2 ;3 &>' "$'(6&"(2. F, &>+2 $6$'(/ G' $("$"2' 6,"1'D pro-active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ticket predictor G>+*> C'&'*&2 $"&',&+6D *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";E D'#2 G>+*> #63 D'6C &" 4%&%(' *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2/ 6,C 6 trouble locator G>+*> $(+"(+&+@'2 $"&',&+6D $(";D'# D"*6&+",2 &" 622+2& &'*>,+*+6,2 +, C+6A,"2+,A $(";D'#2. 8>' H'3 *>6DD',A'2 +, C'2+A,+,A QRSR=5FQ- D+' +, &>' $(6*&+*6D "$'(6&+",6D *",2&(6+,&2. U+1', &>' *"#$D'N+&3 "4 -):,'&G"(H2/ '2$'*+6DD3 6& &>' *%2&"#'( 'CA'2/ &>'(' 'N+2& #6,3 passive 2+#$D' $>32+*6D *"#$",',&2 6& C+44'(',& D"*6E &+",2 T+,2+C' 6 *%2&"#'(a2 >"#'/ &>' 2G+&*> ;"N "%&2+C' &>' >"#'/ 6D",A &>' $>",' D+,' &" 2G+&*>+,A "44 *'/ '&*.K/ G>+*> #63 *6%2' &>' $(";D'#. 8>'3 6(' C'C+*6&'C C'1+*'2 2$'*+4 * &" 6 *%2&"#'( 6,C *6,,"& ;' ('#"&'D3 c$+,a'cd "( O%'(+'C 4"( &>'+( 2&6&%2. 8>'('4"('/ +& +2 1'(3 C+44 *%D& &" ";&6+, 4,' A(6+,'C 2&6&%2 #'62%('#',&2 4"( &>'2' C'1+*'2/ %,D'22 6 &'*>E,+*+6, $>32+*6DD3 A"'2 &" &'2& &>'# ", 2+&'. 8>' D6*H "4 2%*> 4,' A(6+,'C C6&6 (',C'(2 #6,3 'N+2&+,A,'&G"(H &("%E ;D'2>""&+,A #'&>"C2 $("$"2'C +, &>' D+&'(6&%('/ '.A./ e\<^/ f/ [Z/[Yg/," D",A'( 6$$D+*6;D'/ 62 #"2& "4 &>'# 6(' C'1'D"$'C 4"( 6*&+1','&G"(H 'D'#',&2/ "( ('D3 ", *"(('D6&+",2 "4 16(+E "%2 2&6&+2&+*2 *"DD'*&'C ", &>'2' 6*&+1' 'D'#',&2. F, *"#$6(E +2",/ QRSR=5FQ- C"'2,"& ('O%+(' 4,'EA(6+,'C 6,C *",E &+,%"%2 #'62%('#',&2. F,2&'6C/ +& %&+D+@'2 'N+2&+,A sparse and noisy D+,' #'62%('#',&2 *"DD'*&'C G''HD3 6& 6 4 N'C D"E *6&+", +, &>' -):,'&G"(H T 'G ('#"&'D3 6**'22+;D' C'1+*'2/ '.A./ -): #"C'#2 6,C -):752K/ G>+*> ('4 '*& &>' aggregate status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h"( &>+2 2&%C3/ G' *",2+C'( &>' &"$ (6,H'C YZi $(";D'#2 $('C+*&'C ;3 QRSR=5FQ-. F, "(C'( &" #6H' 6**%(6&' $('C+*&+",2/ +K G' C'1+2' 6,"1'D top-n average precision based feature selection method &" 2'D'*& 6 *"#$6*& D+,' 4'6&%(' 2'&/ G>+*> ',6;D'2 &>' &+*H'& $('C+*&"( &" 3+'DC >+A> 6**%(6*3 G+&>+, &>' *6$6*+&3 "4 &>' "$'(6&+", ('2"%(*'2 G+&>"%& 26*(+4 *+,A &>' 2*6D6;+D+&3 "4 &>' 232&'#L 6,C ++K G' $%& 4"(&> 6 combined model G>+*> +,*"(E $"(6&' &>' >+'(6(*>+*6D 2&(%*&%(' "4 &3$+*6D -):,'&G"(H2. 8>+2 *"#;+,'C #"C'D *6, >'D$ &'*>,+*+6,2 '44 *+',&D3 D"*6&' $(";D'#2 '1', G>', 6 $(";D'# ",D3 "**%(2 (6('D3 +, &>' $62&. P' '16D%6&' QRSR=5FQ- %2+,A D+,' #'62%('#',& C6&6/ *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2 6,C "&>'( C6&6 2"%(*'2 *"DD'*&'C 4("# 6 #6E?"( -):,'&G"(H +, &>' 0) +, YZZf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j. 8>' ('D6&'C G"(H +2 +,&("C%*'C +, )'*E &+", k 6,C )'*&+", _ *",*D%C'2 &>' $6$'(. 2. BACKGROUND AND CHALLENGES F, &>+2 2'*&+",/ G' +,&("C%*' &>' 6(*>+&'*&%(' "4 &3$+*6D -):,'&G"(H2 6,C 2&%C3 &>' *>6(6*&'(+2&+*2 "4 *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2 +, -):,'&G"(H2. h+,6dd3/ G' $"+,& "%& 2'1'(6D *>6DD',A'2 +, &("%;D'2>""&+,A 2%*> $(";D'# Introduction to DSL Networks -): +2 6 G+C'D3EC'$D"3'C &'*>,"D"A3 4"( 2%$$"(&+,A C+A+E &6D 2+A,6D &(6,2#+22+", "1'( &(6C+&+",6D &'D'$>",' D+,'2. h+a. [ 2>"G2 &>' 6(*>+&'*&%(' "4 6 &3$+*6D -):,'&G"(H. 7& &>'

3 *%2&"#'( $('#+2'2/ *%2&"#'( *"#$%&'(2 6,C "&>'(,'&G"(H C'1+*'2 6(' *",,'*&'C &" 6 -): #"C'# G>+*> +, &%(, +2 *",E,'*&'C &" 6 $>",' D+,'. 8>+2 C'C+*6&'C *",,'*&+", &'(#+,6&'2 6& 6 -): 7**'22 5%D&+$D'N'( T-):75K. R6*> -):75 &3$E +*6DD3 &'(#+,6&'2 &>' $'(E2%;2*(+;'( C'C+*6&'C -): *",,'*E &+",2 4"( 2'1'(6D &',2 "4 *%2&"#'(2. F& 2'$6(6&'2 1"+*' 4("# C6&6 2+A,6D2/ 2',C+,A &>' 4"(#'( &" &>' VD6+, IDC 8'D'$>",' )'(1+*' TVI8)K +,4(62&(%*&%('. 8>' -):75 6AA('A6&'2 C6&6 &(644 * 4("# &>' *%2&"#'(2 6,C 4''C2 +& &" 6, %$2&('6# 785 2G+&*>. 8>' D6&&'( 'N&(6*&2 FV &(644 * T&>' &(644 * 4("# &>' -): #"C'# &" &>' -):75 +2 &3$+*6DD3 785K 6,C 2',C2 +& &" 6 M("6C;6,C ='#"&' 7**'22 )'(1'( TM=7)K 2'(1'( G>+*> +2 &>' A6&'G63 4("# &>' -): 6**'22,'&G"(H &" &>' FV *"(','&E G"(H.8>' 6;"1' C'2*(+;'2 *"##",D3 C'$D"3'C -): +,4(62E &(%*&%(' 6,C 2"#' 16(+6&+",2 6,C '1"D%&+",2 'N+2&. h"( 'N6#E $D'/,'G'( FVE-):752 $'(4"(# &>' 785 &"EFV *",1'(2+", +,&'(,6DD3 ";1+6&+,A &>',''C 4"( 6, 'N&'(,6D 785 2G+&*>. Figure 1: DSL network architecture 2.2 Problems in DSL Networks 7 *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'# ",D3 644'*&2 6 $6(&+*%D6( *%2E &"#'(/ 2+,*' 6DD &>' 'D'#',&2 ", 6 C'C+*6&'C -): D+,' 6(' 2$'*+4 * &" '6*> *%2&"#'(. F, *",&(62&/ C%' &" &>' >+'(6(*>+*6D 2&(%*&%(' "4 6 -):,'&G"(H/ 6 $(";D'# "**%((+,A ;'&G'', 6 M=7) 2'(1'( 6,C 6 -):75 $6+( %2%6DD3 644'*&2 &>' *",,'*E &+1+&3 "4 #%D&+$D' *%2&"#'(2 2'(1'C ;3 &>+2 $6+(. I$'(6&"(2 ('4'( &" 2%*> $(";D'#2 62 network outage problems. Figure 2: Root causes of customer edge problems. R6(D+'( ('2'6(*> >62 #6+,D3 4"*%2'C ", &("%;D'2>""&+,A,'&G"(H "%&6A' $(";D'#2. b"g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a2 >"#','&G"(H T'.A./ +,2+C' G+(+,A "( 'O%+$#',&K &>6& #63 *",&(+;%&' &" 6 ('$"(&'C *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#. 8" %,C'(2&6,C &>' C+44'(',& *6%2'2 "4 *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2/ G' 2&%C3 &>' *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2 ('*'+1'C +, 7%A%2&/ YZZf T2'' )'*&+", \.\ 4"( C'&6+D2 "4 6DD &>' C6&62'&2K. R6*> &+*H'& "E *+6&'C G+&> 6 C+2$"2+&+",,"&' 4("# &>' 4 'DC &'*>,+*+6, +,C+E *6&+,A &>' $(";D'# ('2"D%&+", 6*&+", E '+&>'( 6 C'1+*' "( *"#E $",',& T'.A./ 6 C'4'*&+1' -): #"C'# "( 6 G"(, *"(CK >6C &" ;' 4 N'CW('$D6*'C/ "( 6 *",4 A%(6&+", *>6,A' '44'*&'C T'.A./ 2&6;+D+@+,A &>' D+,' ;3 C"G,A(6C+,A 2$''CK. P' 2%##6(+@' &>' ('$('2',&6&+1' C+2$"2+&+",2 6,C &>'+( *"(('2$",C+,A D"*6E &+",2 +, h+a. Y 6,C $("1+C' 'N6#$D'2 "4 *"##", $(";D'#2 6,C C+2$"2+&+",2 +, 86;D' [. 8>'2' C+2$"2+&+",2 *6, ;' $6(&+&+",'C +,&" 4"%( #6?"( *6&E 'A"(+'2 T"( #6?"( D"*6&+",2K ;62'C ", &>' $D6*'2 G>'(' &>' $(";D'#2 6(' ('2"D1'CJ &>' >"#','&G"(H T!"K/ &>' -):75 T#$K/ &>' $6&> ;'&G'', &>' *("22;"N 6,C #$ T%&K/ 6,C &>' $6&> ;'&G'',!" 6,C &>' *("22;"N T%'K. h+'dc &'*>,+*+6,2 &"C63 ;('6H %$ &>' ',CE',C $6&> +,&" &>'2' 4"%( D"*6&+",2/ 6,C &("%;D'2>""& ;3 +,C+1+C%6D D"*6&+",. h"( 'N6#$D'/ +4 &>' &'*>,+*+6, >62 ',"%A> '1+C',*' &" ;'D+'1' 6 $(";D'# >6$E $',2 6& #$/ 2>' *6, 261' &+#' ;3 2H+$$+,A &'2&+,A "&>'( &>('' D"*6&+",2. #$/ %& 6,C %' *6, ;' 6D2" *D%2&'('C +,&" 6 2+,AD' D6(A'( *D622 E outside (home network) $(";D'#2. b"g'1'(/ C%' &" &>' 46*& &>6& &>'(' +2," C"#+,6,& C+2$"2+&+", +, &>'2' #6?"( D"*6&+",2 T86;D' [K/ +& +2 C+44 *%D& &" #6H' 2%*> 6 C'*+E 2+", $%('D3 ;62'C ", 'N$'(& H,"GD'CA'. 2.3 Challenges 8>' D6(A',%#;'( "4 $"22+;D' C+2$"2+&+",2 *"%$D'C G+&> 1'(3 D+#+&'C +,2&(%#',&6&+", ", &>' ('6DE&+#' >'6D&> "4 &>','&G"(H #6H'2 &("%;D'2>""&+,A *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2 6 C+44 *%D& 6,C 'N$',2+1' &62H. 7%&"#6&'C &("%;D'2>""&+,A $("E $"26D2/ '.A./ e]/ [Zg/ ('O%+(' *",&+,%"%2D3 &(6*H+,A &>' >'6D&> "4 C+44'(',&,'&G"(H *"#$",',&2 6,C &>', +,4'((+,A &>' &("%E ;D' D"*6&+",2 &>("%A> &>' *"(('D6&+",2 6*("22 &>'2' *"#$"E,',&2. )%*> 6$$("6*>'2 6(',"& G'DDE2%+&'C &" "%( $(";D'#/ G>'(' &>'(' 'N+2&2 2%;2&6,&+6D >'&'("A','+&3 +, &'(#2 "4 'D'E #',&2 6,C &>'+( *6$6;+D+&+'2/ 6,C &" G>6& 'N&',& &>'3 *6, ;' #",+&"('C. 5"2& 'D'#',&2 ", 6 -): D+,' T'.A./ *6;D' 6,C 2$D+&&'(K 6(' ;62+* $>32+*6D C'1+*'2. 8" #'62%(' &>' 2&6&' "4 2%*> C'1+*'2/ 6 &'*>,+*+6,,''C2 &" ;' ", 2+&' 6& &>' D"*6E &+", "4 &>' C'1+*' 6,C #6,%6DD3 (%, C+6A,"2&+* *>'*H2 %2+,A 2$'*+6D+@'C &""D2 &" C'&'(#+,' &>' *%((',& 2&6&' "4 &>' C'1+*'. -%' &" &>' >%A',%#;'( "4 -): 2%;2*(+;'(2/ *",&+,%"%2D3

4 :"*6&+", -+2$"2+&+", T$*&.K -'2*(+$&+", bq -'4'*&+1' -): #"C'# +22%'2 h+d&'( +22%'2 )$D+&&'( +22%'2 Q'&G"(H *6;D' +22%'2 F,2+C' G+(' TG'&/ *"(("C'C/ *%&/ '&*.K l6*h/ 2"4&G6('/ QF!/ '&*. h[ 8(6,24'( 2'(1+*' &" 6,"&>'( *6;D' $6+( ;(+CA' &6$ "4 &>' *%2&"#'(a2 46*+D+&+'2 P'& "( *"(("C'C G+(' *",C%*&"( 8>' C'4'*& +2 4"%,C +, 6 *("22;"N -'4'*&+1' ;%(+'C ('6C3 6**'22 &'(#+,6D V6+( *%&/ C'4'*& *6;D'/ 2&%;/ '&*. -):75 ='C%*' 2$''C &" 2&6;+D+@' &>' D+,' -+A+&6D 2&('6# &(6,2$"(& P+(+,A 6& -):75 -):75 $(",&" *6(C 7M!0W7-:0 V"(&+,A -+A+&6D 2&('6#/ 785 2G+&*>/ '&*. hy 7'(+6D C("$ G62 ('$D6*'C 7**'22 $"+,& T-R57=!K E I%&2+C' ='$6+('C 'N+2&+,A ;%(+'C 2'(1+*' G+(' -'4'*& +, $("&'*&"( %,+& P+(' 4("# $("&'*&"( &" -R57=! l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able 1: Dispositions at different major locations. #",+&"(+,A &>' 2&6&'2 "4 #+DD+",2 "4 C'1+*' %*> #6,E %6D &'2&+,A +2 +,4'62+;D'. R1', G>'(' +& +2 $"22+;D' &" $(";' &>' 2&6&' ('#"&'D3 T'.A./ 4"( -): #"C'#2K/ "$'(6&+",6D *",E 2&(6+,&2 6,C ('2"%(*' D+#+&6&+",2 ('2&(+*& &>' 4 C'D+&3 6,C 4('E O%',*3 "4 &>'2' ('$"(&2. P',"&' &>6& #6,3 "4 &>'2' *",E 2&(6+,&2 6(' 6 4%,*&+", "4 &>' D+#+&6&+",2 "4 'N+2&+,A C'$D"3'C &'*>,"D"A+'2 6,C *%((',& ;'2& $(6*&+*'2 +, "$'(6&+",. 56HE +,A *>6,A'2 &" C'$D"3'C +,4(62&(%*&%('/ '1', +4 $"22+;D'/ *6, ;' $(">+;+&+1'D3 'N$',2+1' 6,C >',*' G',''C 2"D%&+",2 &>6& G"(H G+&>+, &>' *",2&(6+,&2 "4 &"C63a2 "$'(6&+",6D ',1+(",E #',&2. 3. CURRENT SOLUTION AND NEVERMIND F, &>+2 2'*&+",/ G' +,&("C%*' &"C63a2 G+C'D3 %2'C ('6*E &+1' -): &("%;D'2>""&+,A 6$$("6*> 6,C $"+,& "%& &>' $(";E D'#2 G+&> 2%*> 6, 6$$("6*>. 5"&+16&'C ;3 &>'2' $(";D'#2/ G' $("$"2' &>' 232&'# QRSR=5FQ-/ G>+*> 2''H2 &" 6+C $("6*&+1' ('2"D%&+", "4 *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'# Current DSL Troubleshooting Solution 8>' *D622+*6D 6$$("6*> &" &("%;D'2>""&+,A *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2/ G+C'D3 %2'C +, #"2& -):,'&G"(H2/ +2 6 ('6*&+1' $("*'22. F& ('D+'2 ", *%2&"#'(2 &" ('$"(& 6,3 $(";D'# ',E *"%,&'('C/ 6,C &>', C+2$6&*>'2 &'*>,+*+6,2 &" ('2"D1' '6*> $(";D'# %2+,A &>'+( C"#6+, 'N$'(&+2'. h+a. \ T&>' &"$ ;"NK 2>"G2 &>' 6(*>+&'*&%(' "4 2%*> 6 2"D%&+",. 8>' *%2&"#'( 6A',&2 G6+& 4"( *%2&"#'(2 &" ('$"(& 6,3 *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";E D'# ;3 $>",' 6,C +,&'(6*& G+&> &>' *%2&"#'( &" $'(4"(# 2"#' ;62+* C+6A,"2+2 T'.A./ (';""&+,A &>' -): #"C'# "( ;3$622+,A &>' 4 D&'(K &" 4 D&'( "%& 62 #6,3,",E&'*>,+*6D $(";E D'#2 62 $"22+;D'/ 2%*> 62 ;+DD+,A +22%'2/ '&*. F4 &>' $(";E D'# *6,,"& ;' 2"D1'C ;3 &>' *%2&"#'( 6A',&2/ &>' &+*H'& G+DD ;' '2*6D6&'C &" 78-) T7%&"#6&+* 8'2&+,A 6,C -+2$6&*>+,A Figure 3: The current DSL troubleshooting approach and the proposed NEVERMIND approach. 8>' *%((',& 6$$("6*> >62 16(+"%2 C(6G;6*H2. I$'(6&"(2 ('D3 ", *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2 6,C +,&'(6*&+", G+&> *%2&"#'(2 &" A%+C' &>'# &"G6(C2 C+2*"1'(+,A &>' %,C'(D3+,A $(";D'# 6,C 2"D%&+",. b"g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h"( 'N6#$D'/ +4 6 $(";D'# +2 *6%2'C ;3 6 C'E 4'*&+1' -): #"C'#/ &>+2 *6, ;' 2"D1'C ;3 $D6*+,A 6, "(C'( 4"( 6,'G #"C'# C'1+*' ",D+,' G+&>"%& 6, 'N$',2+1' 4 'DC C+2$6&*>. h%(&>'(/ G6+&+,A 4"( &>' *%2&"#'(2 &" ('$"(& *%2E &"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2 G+DD +#$D+*+&D3 D'6C &" +,*('62+,A %2'(2a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verview of NEVERMIND F, &>+2 $6$'(/ G' $("$"2' QRSR=5FQ-/ 6 $("6*&+1' 2"E D%&+", 4"( &("%;D'2>""&+,A *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2 +, -):,'&G"(H2/ G>+*> *6, ;' 2'6#D'22D3 +,&'A(6&'C +,&" &>' 'NE +2&+,A -): &("%;D'2>""&+,A 4(6#'G"(H. 8>' 6(*>+&'*&%(' "4 QRSR=5FQ- +2 +DD%2&(6&'C +, h+a. \ T&>' ;"&&"# ;"NK. F& *",2+2&2 "4 &G" #6+, *"#$",',&2/ 6 ticket predictor 6,C 6 trouble locator. 8>' &+*H'& $('C+*&"( %&+D+@'2 'N+2&+,A 2$6(2' D+,' #'62%('#',&2 "4 +,C+1+C%6D -): D+,'2 &" $("6*&+1'D3 +C',&+43 D+,'2 4"( G>+*> *%2&"#'(2 6(' D+H'D3 &" ('A+2&'( $(";E D'# &+*H'&2 +, &>','6( 4%&%('. 8>'2' $('C+*&'C &+*H'&2 6(' &>', 2%;#+&&'C &" 78-) &" ;' C+6A,"2'C +, 6 2+#+D6( G63 62,"(#6D *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2. b"g'1'(/ C%' &" &>' >+A> *"#$D'NE +&3 "4 &>' C+6A,"2&+* $("*'22 '#$D"3'C ;3 78-)/ 6 >+A> $(+E "(+&3 #%2& ;' 622+A,'C &" *%2&"#'( ('$"(&'C $(";D'#2/ G+&> &>' ('#6+,+,A "$'(6&+",6D ('2"%(*'2 T64&'( ('2"D1+,A *%2&"#'( ('$"(&'C $(";D'#2K %&+D+@'C 4"( QRSR=5FQ-. h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nformation Sources 1. DSL Line MeasurementsJ 8>'2' *",&6+, &>' ('2%D&2 "4 $'(+"C+* ('#"&' D+,' &'2&2 +,+&+6&'C 4("# -):75 2'(1'(2 &" '6*> "4 &>' *",,'*&'C -): D+,'2. 8>' D+,' &'2& +2 *",C%*&'C 62 4"DD"G2. R1'(3 )6&%(C63/ '6*> -):75 2'(1'( +,+&+6&'2 *",,'*&+",2 G+&> &>' -): #"C'# ", '6*> -): D+,' 6,C 'NE *>6,A'2 6 4'G $6*H'&2 G+&> &>' #"C'#. M62'C ", &>+2 *",E 1'(26&+",/ 2'1'(6D metrics "( line features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h"( 'N6#$D'/ ;62'C ", $('E h'6&%(' -'2*(+$&+", 2&6&' +4 &>' #"C'# +2 ", C,;(/ %$;( ;+& (6&' TH;$2K C,$G(/ %$$G( 2+A,6D $"G'( C,,#(/ %$,#(,"+2' #6(A+, C,6&',/ %$6&', 2+A,6D 6&&',%6&+", C,('D*6$/ %$('D*6$ ('D6&+1' *6$6*+&3 C,*1*,&[/ C,*1*,&Y/ C,*1*,&\ *"C' 1+"D6&+", +,&'(16D *"%,&2 G+&> C+44'(',& &>('2>"DC2 C,'2*,&[/ C,'2*,&Y &>',%#;'( "4 2'*",C2 +, G>+*> *"C' 1+"D6&+",2 "**%(('C C,4'**,&[ C"G,2&('6# 4"(G6(C '(("( *"(('*&+", *"%,&2 G+&> 16D%',"& D'22 &>6, ^Z >+*6( &>' ;+AA'2& *6((+'(,%#;'( ;& &>' 'N+2&',*' "4 6 ;(+CA' &6$ *("22&6DH &>' 'N+2&',*' "4 *("22 &6DH D""$D',A&> '2&+#6&'C D""$ D',A&> C,#6N6&&6+,4;(/ %$#6N6&&6+,4;( #6N+#%# 6&&6+,6;D' 462& ;+& (6&' C,*'DD2/ %$*'DD2 ("DD+,A *"%,& "4 *'DD2 Table 2: Basic line features. Pre xes dn and up means downloading and uploading, respectively. C'4,'C #6,%6D (%D'2/ 6, 6A',& G+DD '2*6D6&' &>' *%2&"#'( &+*H'& &" 78-) +4 '+&>'( &>' *%((',& ;+& (6&' +2 D"G'( &>6, &>' #+,+#%# ;+& (6&' +,C+*6&'C ;3 &>' $("4 D'/ "( &>' ('D6&+1' *6E $6*+&3 +2 A('6&'( &>6, fym. RN$'(& H,"GD'CA' +,C+*6&'2 &>6& 2%*> D+,' 2&6&%2 +2 #"(' D+H'D3 *6%2'C ;3 6 C'4'*&+1' C'1+*'/ 6,C >',*' +& #63 ('O%+(' 4%(&>'( C+6A,"2+2 ;3 4 'DC &'*>,+E *+6,2. 8>"%A> D+#+&'C/ &>'(' 6(' 6D2" 6 4'G #6,%6D (%D'2 %2'C ;3 &>' &'*>,+*+6,2 &"C63 &" C'&'(#+,' &>' C+2$"2+&+", "4 6 $6(&+*%D6( $(";D'#. h"( 'N6#$D'/ 6, '2&+#6&'C D""$ D',A&> A('6&'( &>6, [^/ZZZ 4& "4&', +,C+*6&'2 &>6& &>' *%((',& *%2E &"#'( $("4 D' +2,"& 2%$$"(&'C ;3 &>' -): D+,'/ 6,C 6 2$''C C"G,A(6C' +2,'*'226(3 &" ('C%*' &>',"+2' ", &>' D+,'. b"ge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h("# &>' 6((+16D &+#' "4 *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2 ('*'+1'C +, 7%A%2&/ YZZf/ G' ";2'(1' 6 *D'6( G''HD3 &(',C/ G>'(' &>',%#;'( "4 &+*H'&2 $'6H2 ", 5",C63 6,C >+&2 &>' ;"&&"# "1'( &>' G''HE ',C. )+,*' &>' D+,' &'2&2 6(' *",C%*&'C ", 6 G''H',C/ G' *6, 644"(C &" ('2'(1' #"(' ('2"%(*'2 &" ('2"D1' &>' $('C+*&'C &+*H'&2 $("6*&+1'D3 C%(+,A &>'2' ('D6&+1'D3 do%+'&d $'(+"C2/ 6,C &>'(';3 6D2" ('C%*' &>','G &+*H'& D"6C C%(+,A &>' G''H. 2. Customer Trouble TicketsJ 8>'2' *",&6+, $(";D'#2 ('E $"(&'C ;3 *%2&"#'(2 T'.A./ 2D"G 2$''C "(," *",,'*&+",K 6,C *"(('2$",C+,A 2"D%&+",2 $("1+C'C ;3 *%2&"#'( 6A',&2 T'.A./ (';""&+,A &>' #"C'# "( ('$D6*+,A &>' *6;D'K.

6 !%2&"#'( 6A',&2 622+A, 6 *"6(2' D6;'D &" '6*> &+*H'&/ +,E C+*6&+,A &>' *6&'A"(3 &>6& &>' &+*H'& ;'D",A2 &". P' C+44'(E ',&+6&' *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'# &+*H'&2 4("# "&>'( &3$'2 "4 &+*H'&2 2%*> 62 ;+DD+,A ('D6&'C +22%'2 ;62'C ", &>+2 D6;'D. 3. Ticket Disposition NotesJ 8>'2' 6(' *('6&'C ;3 4 'DC &'*>,+*+6,2 6,C 2'(1' %##6(3 4"( '6*> +,C+1+C%6D C+2E $6&*>. R6*>,"&' *",&6+,2 &>' F- "4 &>' *"(('2$",C+,A *%2E &"#'( &+*H'& 6,C +,4"(#6&+", ('A6(C+,A &>' C+2$6&*>/ 2%*> 62 &>' 2&6(&+,A &+#'/ C%(6&+",/ '&*. 8>"%A> &>' 4 'DC &'*>,+*+6,2 C","& ('*"(C &>' C'&6+D2 "4 &>' C+6A,"2+2 $("*'22 2%*> 62 ('2%D&2 4("# +,&'(#'C+6&' &'2&+,A 2&'$2/ &>'3 C" $("1+C' 6 disposition code &" +,C+*6&' G>+*> C'1+*' G62 4,6DD3 +C',&+E 4 'C &" ;' *6%2' "4 &>' $(";D'#/ '.A./ 6 C'4'*&+1' #"C'# "( 6 G"(, *6;D'/ "( >"G &>' $(";D'# G62 %D&+#6&'D3 ('2"D1'C/ '.A./ 2&6;+D+@+,A &>' D+,' $'(4"(#6,*' &>("%A> C"G,A(6C+,A &>' D+,' 2$''C. )%*> C+2$"2+&+", *"C'2 6(' %2'C 62 "%( A("%,C &(%&> 4"( 2&%C3+,A '6*> $(";D'#. P',"&' &>6& &>' C+2$"2+E &+", *"C'2 6(' C'&'(#+,'C ;62'C ", &>' 'N$'(& H,"GD'CA' "4 &>' &'*>,+*+6,2 6,C >',*' *6, ;' 1'(3,"+23. F4 6 $(";D'# +2 *6%2'C ;3 #%D&+$D' C'1+*'2/ &>' *"C' +2 6DG "*+6&'C G+&> &>' C'1+*' *D"2'2& &" &>' ',C >"2&. 4. Subscriber Pro lesj 8>'2' 2$'*+4 '2 &>' $6(6#'&'(2 T"( 'N$'*&'C 16D%'2 "4 &>' D+,' 4'6&%('2K 4"( +,C+1+C%6D -): D+,'2/ G>+*> C'$',C ", &>' &3$' 6,C D'1'D "4 2'(1+*' &>6& 6 *%2E &"#'( >62 2%;2*(+;'C 4"(. h"( 'N6#$D'/ -): *%2&"#'(2 G+&> &>' ;62+* $("4 D' 6(' 'N$'*&'C &" >61' 6 C"G,D"6C+,A (6&' "4 kj_h;$2 6,C 6, %$D"6C+,A (6&' "4 \_]H;$2. F, *"#$6(+2",/ *%2&"#'(2 G+&> &>' 6C16,*'C $("4 D' G+DD >61' 6 C"G,D"6CE +,A (6&' "4 Y.^5;$2 6,C 6, %$D"6C+,A (6&' "4 kj_h;$2. 7DD &>'2' C6&62'&2 6(' 4("# ",' "4 &>' #6?"( -): $("1+C'(2 +, &>' 0)/ G+&> 6 $"$%D6&+", "4 #+DD+",2 "4 -): 2%;2*(+;'(2 6*("22 #%D&+$D' A'"D"*6&+",2. 8>' C6&62'&2 6(' *"DD'*&'C ;3 #%D&+$D' -):752 C%(+,A &>' G>"D' 3'6( YZZf. 83$+*6DD3 &>'2' C6&62'&2 6(' 2&"('C 6& C+44'(',& D"*6&+",2 6,C 6(' ;("%A>& &"A'&>'( 4"( "%( G"(H [. P',"&' &>6& '1', &>"%A> &>' 2$'*+4 *2 "4 C6&6 #63 16(3 4"( C+44'(',&,'&G"(H2 6,C 2'(1+*' $("1+C'(2/ "%( 232&'# *6, ;' 6$$D+'C ('6C+D3 4"( $("6*&+1'D3 &("%;D'2>""&E +,A $(";D'#2 +, "&>'( "$'(6&+",6D,'&G"(H2. 4. PREDICTING TROUBLE TICKETS F, &>+2 2'*&+",/ G' +,&("C%*' &>' &+*H'& $('C+*&"(/ G>"2' 4%,*&+", +2 &" 2'D'*& 6,%#;'( "4 -): D+,'2 &>6& 6(' D+H'D3 &" >61' 4%&%(' *%2&"#'( ('$"(&'C &+*H'&2 6,C 2%;#+& &>'# &" 78-) 4"( 4%(&>'( C+6A,"2+2. 8>+2 $(";D'# +2 'O%+16D',& &" 6 (6,H+,A $(";D'#/ G>'(' &>' &+*H'& $('C+*&"( 2'D'*&2 C"G, #+DD+",2 "4 -): D+,'2 &" 6 2#6DD'( 2'& G>'(' $(";D'#2 #63 >6$$',. 8>' C'*+2+", "4 &>' &+*H'& $('C+*&"( +2 ;62'C ", 'NE +2&+,A 2$6(2' D+,' #'62%('#',&2. 8>'('4"('/ &>' H'3 +, C'E 2+A,+,A &>' &+*H'& $('C+*&"( +2 &" +C',&+43 &>' *"(('D6&+", "4 D+,' #'62%('#',&2 6,C *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2. 8>'(' 6(' &G" 46*&"(2 644'*&+,A &>' C'2+A, "4 &>' &+*H'& $('E [!%2&"#'( 6,",3#+&3 G62 $('2'(1'C C%(+,A &>+2 2&%C3 ;3 >62>E +,A '6*> *%2&"#'( $>",',%#;'( &" 6 %,+O%' 6,",3#"%2 +C',&+4 '( $(+"( &"?"+,+,A &>'2' C6&62'&2. C+*&"(. h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b"g'1'(/ &>' 46*&"( "4 "$'(6&+", *",2&(6+,&2 D+#+&2 "%( *>"+*' "4 #6*>+,' D'6(,+,A 6DA"(+&>#2. F, $6(&+*%D6(/ 2+,*' G' *6, ",D3 2%;#+& YZi $('E C+*&'C &+*H'&2 &" 78-) '1'(3 G''H/ G' C'2+(' 6 #'&>"C &>6& #6N+#+@' &>',%#;'( "4 &(%' $('C+*&+",2 G+&>+, &>'2' YZi. F, &>' 4"DD"G+,A/ G' 4 (2& 4"(#6DD3 C'4,' &>' &+*H'& $('E C+*&+", $(";D'#/ 6,C &>', C+2*%22 +, C'&6+D >"G G' 6CC('22 &>'2' &G" 46*&"(2 G>+D' C'2+A,+,A &>' &+*H'& $('C+*&"(. 4.1 Problem De nition :'& U ;' &>' 2'& "4 6DD -): *%2&"#'(2 T"( &>' 2'& "4 6DD -): D+,'2K. h"( '6*> -): D+,' u U/ D'& l (u,t) := {l (u,t) i ; 0 i 25} ;' &>' D+,' #'62%('#',&2 *"(('2$",C+,A &" &>' -): D+,' u 6& &>' &+#' t TG' C("$ &>' 2%$'(2*(+$&2 G>', &>' *",E &'N& +2 *D'6(K. :'& NT (u, t) ;' &>' D',A&> "4 &>' &+#' $'(+"C 4("# t &" &>' &+#' "4 &>' +##'C+6&','N& *%2&"#'( &+*H'& ";E 2'(1'C ('A+2&'('C ;3 u. :'& τ(u, t, T ) := I(NT (u, t) < T )/ G>'(' I +2 &>' +,C+*6&"( 4%,*&+", 6,C τ(u) = &+*H'& 4("# u +2 ";2'(1'C ;'&G'', [t, t + T ] 6,C τ(u) = 0 "&>'(E G+2' T,"&' G' ('$D6*' τ(u, t, T ) G+&> τ(u) G>', t 6,C T 6(' $('C'4,'CK. 8>' &+*H'& $('C+*&"( "%&$%&2 &>' $(";6;+D+&3 &>6& 6 &+*H'& "**%(2 G+&>+, 6, +,&'(16D T 64&'( &+#' t/ 6,C *6, ;' 'N$('22'C %,*&+", fj P (τ(u) h) = f(h) G>'(' &>' >+2&"(3 h = {l (h,t k) ), 1 k K}/ K +2 &>' D',A&> "4 &>' >+2&"(3/ 6,C t K < t ('$('2',&2 &>' &+#' "4 &>' #"2& ('*',& D+,' #'62%('#',&2. 7 2>"(&'( &+#' +,&'(16D T +#$D+'2 &>6& &>' *"(('2$",C+,A *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2 D'6C &" +##'C+6&' *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2 T'.A./ &>' $(";D'#2 &>6& "4&', *%& "44 &>' *",,'*&+",KL +, *",&(62&/ 6 D",A'( T 16D%' 6DD"G2 $(";D'#2 &>6& 6(' D'22,"&+*'6;D' ;3 *%2&"#'(2/ 2%*> 62 +,E &'(#+&&',& *",,'*&+",2/ 2D"G 2$''C/ '&*. F, 6CC+&+",/ 6 D",A'( &+#' +,&'(16D #63 6D2" +#$D3 &>6& 6 *%2&"#'( +2,"& ", 2+&' G>', &>' $(";D'# "**%(2/ 6,C &>' $(";D'# +2 ",D3 ('$"(&'C G>', &>' *%2&"#'( *"#'2 ;6*H >"#'. 8>'('4"('/ +, "%( 'NE $'(+#',&/ G' &(3 &" 6CC('22 6DD &>'2' 2+&%6&+",2 ;3 *>""2+,A 6 D",A'( T 'O%6D2 &" ] G''H Encoding Line Measurement History P',"G C+2*%22 >"G &" ',*"C' &>' &+#'E2'(+'2 "4 D+,' #'62%('#',&2 +,&" D+,' 4'6&%('2 2" &>6& &>'3 *6, ;' ('6C+D3 %2'C ;3 &>' &+*H'& $('C+*&"( 4"( C'&'*&+,A $"&',&+6D *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2. I%( ;62+* +C'6 +2 &" C'4,' 16(+"%2 &3$'2 "4 4'6&%('2 &" ('4 '*& C+44'(',& $("$'(&+'2 "4 &>' D+,' *",C+E &+",2 '#;"C+'C +, &>'2' &+#'E2'(+'2. P' C'4,' &>('' &3$'2 T[K

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b+2&"(3 M62+* li K -'D&6 li K l K 1 i 8+#'E2'(+'2 (li K l i )/var(l i )!%2&"#'( V("4 D' li K/profile(l i) 8+*H'& 8+#' 4("# &>' #"2& ('*',& &("%;D' &+*H'& 5"C'# V'(*',&6A' "4 &+#'2 &>6& &>' #"C'# +2 "44 -'(+1'C n%6c(6&+* V("C%*& (li t)2 li t lt j Table 3: DSL line measurement features. F, 6CC+&+", &" &>'2' 4'6&%('2 ('A6(C+,A D+,' *",C+&+",2/ &>' *>6,*' "4 6 $"&',&+6D &("%;D' &+*H'& 6D2" C'$',C2 ", *'(&6+, *>6(6*&'(+2&+*2 "4 &>' *%2&"#'(2. h"( 'N6#$D'/ 6 C"G,D"6CE +,A 2$''C "4 [Y_H;$2 ", 6 2D"GE2$''C -): D+,' +,C+*6&'2 6 1'(3 A""C D+,' $'(4"(#6,*'. b"g'1'(/ 2%*> 6 2$''C "4&', D'6C2 &" 6 &("%;D' &+*H'& ", 6 >+A>E2$''C D+,'. P' &>'('4"(' +,&("C%*' &>('' H+,C2 "4 *%2&"#'( ('D6&'C 4'6&%('2 +, 86;D' \ T("G ]EjK &" 6CC('22 &>+2 +22%'. 8>' $("4 D' 4'6&%('2 6(' C'E 4,'C 62 &>' ;62+* 4'6&%('2 C+1+C'C ;3 &>' 'N$'*&'C 4'6&%(' 16D%'2 2$'*+4 'C ;3 &>' *"(('2$",C+,A *%2&"#'( $("4 D'/ '.A./ &>' #+,+#%# C"G,D"6C+,A ;+& (6&' "( &>' #6N+#%# C"G,E D"6C+,A ;+& (6&'/ '&*. 8>' &+*H'& 4'6&%(' ('*"(C2 &>' &+#' 4("# &>' #"2& ('*',& &("%;D' &+*H'& &" t K. F&2 $%($"2' +2 &" 6CC('22 &>' *"(('D6&+", ;'&G'', &+*H'&2 4("# &>' 26#' *%2&"#'(. h"( 'N6#$D'/ +4 &>'(' >62 ;'', 6 &+*H'& +, &>' $62& &>('' C632 6,C $(";D'# +2,"& 4 N'C/ &>' D+H'D+>""C "4 ('$'6& &+*H'&2 G+DD +,*('62'. 8>' #"C'# 4'6&%(' ('$('2',&2 &>' $'(*',&6A' "4 &+#'2 &>6& &>' -): #"C'# +2 "44 C%(+,A &>' &'2&/ G>+*> ('E 4 '*&2 &>' %26A' $6&&'(, "4 6 *%2&"#'(. P>', 6 #"C'# +2 "44 C%(+,A &>' &'2&/ G' >61' 6 #+22+,A ('*"(C 4"( &>6& *%2&"#'(. 8>' &>+(C &3$' "4 4'6&%('2 6(' C'(+1'C 4'6&%('2 T86;D' \/ ("G ke_k/ G>+*> 6(' *"#$%&'C 4("# >+2&"(3 4'6&%('2 6,C *%2E &"#'( 4'6&%('2 Y. 8>' O%6C(6&+* 4'6&%('2 #"C'D &>' 16(+6,*' "4 '6*> 16(+6;D' 6,C &>' $("C%*& 4'6&%('2 6CC('22 &>' +,&'(E 6*&+",2 ;'&G'', $6+(2 "4 16(+6;D'2 \. 4.3 Top-N Average Precision Feature Selection I%(,'N& 2&'$ +2 &" %2' #6*>+,' D'6(,+,A 6DA"(+&>#2 &" 'NE &(6*& &>' *"(('D6&+", ;'&G'', &>'2' D+,' 4'6&%('2 6,C 4%&%(' Y P' *",1'(& '6*> *6&'A"(+*6D 16(+6;D'2 G+&> m 16D%'2 +,&" m ;+E,6(3 16(+6;D'2 2" &>6& &>' C'(+1'C 4'6&%('2 6(' C'4,'C ", 6DD >+2&"(3 4'6&%('2 6,C *%2&"#'( 4'6&%('2. \ 8>' C'(+1'C 4'6&%('2 6(' +,&("C%*'C &" *"#$',26&' 4"( &>' 46*& &>6& *>"2', BStump 6DA"(+&># +A,"('2 &>' +,&'(6*&+",2 6#",A 4'6&%('2. *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2. F, &>+2 2&%C3 G' 4"*%2 ", #6N+#+@+,A &>' 6**%(6*3 "4 &>' &"$ YZi $('C+*&+",2. 5"2& "4 &>' 2&6&'E"4E &>'E6(& 6DA"(+&>#2 4"*%2+,A ", (6,H+,A 6**%(6*3 6(' %2%6DD3 *"#$%&6&+",6DD3 'N$',2+1' 6,C >',*' *6,,"& ;' 6$$D+'C 4"( (6,H+,A #+DD+",2 "4 -): D+,'2. I%( 2"D%&+", &" &>+2 $(";D'# +2 &" %2' 6 2*6D6;D' #6*>+,' D'6(,+,A 6DA"(+&># &>6& #6N+E #+@' &>' "1'(6DD 6**%(6*3. 8" C'1+6&' &>' c6&&',&+",d "4 2%*> 6, 6DA"(+&># ",&" &>' 6**%(6*3 "4 &>' &"$ YZi $('C+*&+",2 +,2&'6C "4 &>' "1'(6DD 6**%(6*3/ G' $("$"2' 6,"1'D &"$EN 61'(6A' $('*+2+", #'&(+* &" 2'D'*& ",D3 4'6&%('2 &>6& $("1+C' ;'&&'( 6**%(6*3 ", &>' &"$ YZi $('C+*&+",2. P' 'D6;"(6&' &>' 4'6&%(' 2'D'*&+", #'&>"C ;'D"G. P' 4 (2& C'4,' &>' &"$EN 61'(6A' $('*+2+",. :'& N ;' &>' &"&6D,%#;'( "4 &"$ $('C+*&+",2 2'D'*&'C. P rec(r) := 1/r r i=1 τ(u i) +2 &>' $('*+2+", *"#$%&'C ;62'C ", &>' 4 (2& r $('C+*&+",2. 8>' &"$EN 61'(6A' $('*+2+", +2 C'4,'C 62 AP (N) := N r=1 P rec(r) τ(u r)/n. b',*' AP (N) #'62%('2 &>' 2%# "4 $('*+2+",2 4"( 6DD &(%' $('C+*&+",2 61'(E 6A'C ;3 N/ 6,C AP (N) 461"(2 (6,H+,A &>' D+,'2 G+&> 4%&%(' &+*H'&2 >+A>'( &>6, &>' D+,'2 G+&>"%& 4%&%(' &+*H'&2. P' 6$$D3 6 A(''C3 4'6&%(' 2'D'*&+", #'&>"C ;62'C ", AP (N) 62 4"DD"G2. P' 4 (2& *",2&(%*& 6 &+*H'& $('C+*&"( T2'' )'*E &+", ].] 4"( C'2*(+$&+", "4 &>' $('C+*&"(K A+1', '6*> +,C+1+CE %6D 4'6&%(' ", 6 &(6+,+,A C6&62'&/ 6,C &'2& &>' $('C+*&"( ", 6 2'$6(6&' &'2& 2'&. P' &>', *"#$%&' AP (N) 4"( '6*> +,C+1+CE %6D 4'6&%(' ;62'C ", &>' ('2%D& ", &>' &'2& 2'&. 8>' 4'6&%('2 622"*+6&'C G+&> &>' >+A>'2& AP (N) 16D%'2 6(' 2'D'*&'C. P' C'#",2&(6&' &>' >+2&"A(6# "4 AP (20K) 4"( 6DD &>' 4'6&%('2 +, h+a. ]. P' ";2'(1' 2&(",A ;+#"C6D 2>6$'2 +, h+a. ]e6g 6,C h+a. ]e;g 4"( >+2&"(3 6,C *%2&"#'( 4'6&%('2 6,C &>' 622"*+E 6&'C &>' O%6C(6&+* 4'6&%('2/ ('2$'*&+1'D3. P' *>""2' Z.Y 62 "%( &>('2>"DC &" 2'D'*& &>' 4'6&%('2 G>+*> 6(' 2+A,+4 *6,&D3 #"(' 6**%(6&' &>6, &>' "&>'( 4'6&%('2 "4 &>' 26#' &3$'. M'E *6%2' '6*> $("C%*& 4'6&%(' +2 4"(#'C ;3 *"#;+,+,A &G" "&>'( 4'6&%('2/ G' >',*' 'N$'*& &>' AP (20K) 4"( &>' $("C%*& 4'6E &%(' &" ;' 2+A,+4 *6,&D3 >+A>'( &>6, 6,3 "4 &>' &G" 4'6&%('2. 8>'('4"('/ G' *>""2' 6 >+A>'( &>('2>"DC 4"( 2'D'*&+,A $("CE %*& 4'6&%('2 TA('6&'( &>6, Z.\K. 4.4 Learning the Ticket Predictor :'& x ;' &>' 2'& "4 4'6&%('2 2'D'*&'C 4("# &>' "(+A+,6D >+2E &"(3 "4 D+,' #'62%('#',&2 h.!",2&(%*&+,a &>' &+*H'& $('C+*E &"( +2 'O%+16D',& &" 2"D1+,A &>' ('A('22+", $(";D'# P (τ(u) x) = f(x). P' %2' 'N+2&+,A *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2 62 &>' A("%,C &(%&> 6,C 6$$D3 2%$'(1+2'C #6*>+,' D'6(,+,A &'*>,+O%'2 &" D'6(, f 6%&"#6&+*6DD3. 8" &(6+, f/ G' &('6& &>' -): D+,'2 G+&> 4%&%(' &+*H'&2 G+&>+, ] G''H2 62 $"2+&+1' 'N6#$D'2 6,C &>' ('2& "4 &>' D+,'2 62,'A6&+1' 'N6#$D'2. -%' &" &>' 46*& &>6& 2"#' *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2 #63,"& ;' ('$"(&'C ;3 *%2&"#'(2/ &(6+,+,A C6&6 *"(('2$",C+,A &" &>'2' $(";D'#2 6(' #+2D6;'D'C 62,'A6&+1' 'N6#$D'2 +,2&'6C "4 $"2+&+1' 'N6#$D'2. M'*6%2' "4 &>' 'N+2&',*' "4 2%*>,"+2' +, &>' &(6+,+,A C6&6/ 2"$>+2&+*6&'C,",ED+,'6( #"C'D2 "1'(4 & '62+D3/ G' >',*' *>""2' 6 D+,'6( #"C'D 4"( f G>+*> +2 #"(' (";%2& 6A6+,2&,"+2'. 8>' Adaboost 6DA"(+&># G+&> C'*+2+",

8 2> 2> 25>> Num4erFofFfeatures 15 1> 5 Num4erFofFfeatures 15 1> 5 Num4erFofFfeatures 2>>> 15>> 1>>> 5>> > >.>5 >.1 >.15 >.2 >.25 TopF2>GFaverageFprecision T6K b+2&"(3 6,C *%2&"#'( 4'6&%('2 > >.>5 >.1 >.15 >.2 >.25 TopF2>GFaverageFprecision T;K n%6c(6&+* 4'6&%('2 > > >.1 >.2 >.3 >.4 TopF2>GFaverageFprecision T*K V("C%*& 4'6&%('2 Figure 4: Top 20K average precision for different types of derived features 2&%#$2 T+.'. ",'ED'1'D C'*+2+", &(''2K e[jg/ G>+*> G' ('4'( &" 62 BStump +, &>+2 $6$'(/ +2 2'D'*&'C &" *",2&(%*& &>' #"C'D. 8>' D+,'6( #"C'D 4("# BStump G62 2>"G, &" ;' &>' #"2& 2*6D6;D' G>+D' >61+,A 6, 6**%(6*3 *"#$6(6;D' &" 2"$>+2&+E *6&'C,",ED+,'6( *D622+4 '(2 ekg. Figure 5: The schematic view of a BStump classi er. h+a. ^ A+1'2 6 2*>'#6&+* 1+'G "4 BStump. -%(+,A &(6+,E +,A/ G' 2$'*+43 &>',%#;'( "4 +&'(6&+",2 T T"( &>',%#;'( "4 &>' G'6H D'6(,'(2K %2'C ;3 &>' 6DA"(+&>#. 7& +&'(6&+", t/ &>' 6DA"(+&># 2'D'*&2 ",' $6(&+*%D6( D+,' 4'6&%(' 6,C &>' *"(E ('2$",C+,A 4'6&%(' 16D%' δ &>6& ;'2& $6(&+&+",2 &>' &(6+,+,A C6&6/ G'+A>&'C ;62'C ", &>' *D622+4 *6&+", ('2%D& +, +&'(6&+", t 1/ +,&" $"2+&+1' 6,C,'A6&+1' 'N6#$D'2. 8>' 6DA"(+&># *('6&'2 6 C'*+2+", 2&%#$ %2+,A &>' 2'D'*&'C 4'6&%(' 62 6 G'6H D'6(,'( g t. R6*> G'6H D'6(,'( "%&$%&2 S TD'22 D+H'D3 &" >61' 6 4%&%(' &+*H'&K 4"( 6 4'6&%(' 16D%' ;'D"G δ T4"( *",&+,%"%2 4'6&%('2K "(,"& 'O%6D &" δ T4"( *6&'A"(+*6D 4'6&%('2K/ 6,C "%&E $%&2 S + "&>'(G+2' T#"(' D+H'D3 &" >61' 6 4%&%(' &+*H'&K. h"( 'N6#$D'/ +, h+a. ^/ &>' 4 (2& G'6H D'6(,'( Tt = 1K &'2&2 &>' C'D&6 %$D"6C+,A ;+& (6&' 6A6+,2& δ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x/ T 2*"('2 6(' A','(6&'C ;3 &>' G'6H D'6(,'(2/ 6,C &>'2' 2*"('2 6(' 2%##'C %$ 62 &>' $('C+*&+", f(x) := T t=1 g t(x). 8>' 2*"(' f +2 &>', *",1'(&'C &" &>' $"2&'(+"( $(";6;+D+&3 P (τ(u) x) %2+,A D"A+2&+* *6D+;(6&+",. 5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS P' %2' D+,' #'62%('#',& ('*"(C2 4("# Z_WZ[WZf &" ZfW\[WZf 62 "%( &(6+,+,A C6&6/ 6,C &>' C6&6 +, &>' 4"%( *",&+A%"%2 G''H2 2&6(&+,A 4("# [ZW\[WZf 62 "%( &'2& C6&6. 8>' D+,' #'6E 2%('#',&2 4("# Z[WZ[WZf &" ZkW\[WZf 6(' >+2&"(3 ('*"(C2 4"( *"#$%&+,A &+#'E2'(+'2 4'6&%('2 6,C *%2&"#'( ('D6&'C 4'6&%('2. P' %2' M""2&'N&'( e[jg 62 &>' BStump +#$D'#',&6&+",. 8>',%#;'( "4 +&'(6&+",2 +2 2'& &" _ZZ ;62'C ", *("22E16D+C6&+", ]. 5.1 Evaluation of Ticket Predictor 72 &>' 4 (2& 2&'$/ G' *"#$6(' &>' $("$"2'C &"$EN 61'(6A' $('*+2+", #'&>"C TNoYZiK G+&> "&>'( G'DDEH,"G, 4'6&%(' 2'D'*&+", #'&>"C2. -%' &" &>' *"#$%&6&+",6D *"#$D'N+&3 "4 *'(&6+, 4'6&%(' 2'D'*&+", #'&>"C2 6,C &>' D6(A',%#;'( "4 C'(+1'C 4'6&%('2/ G' ",D3 %2' >+2&"(3 4'6&%('2 4"( &>' *"#E $6(+2",. F, $6(&+*%D6(/ 4"( '6*> 4'6&%(' 2'D'*&+", #'&>"C/ &>' &"$ ^Z 4'6&%('2 6(' 2'D'*&'C 6**"(C+,A &" &>' *(+&'(+6 +, 86E ;D' ]/ 6,C 6 *D622+4 '( +2 *",2&(%*&'C %2+,A &>'2' ^Z 4'6&%('2. 5'&>"C2 h'6&%(' 2'D'*&+", *(+&'(+6 70! 56N+#%# 6('6 %,C'( &>' =I! *%(1'. 71'(6A' $('*+2+", 71'(6A' $('*+2+", 16D%' ", all &>' 26#$D'2. V!7 8"$ $(+,*+$6D *"#$",',&2. U6+, (6&+" 8>' &"&6D ',&("$3 C'*('62' "4 &>' ('2%D& 6&&(+;%&' ;3 H,"G+,A ",' $6(&+*%D6( 4'6&%('. Table 4: Other feature selection methods. P',"&' &>6& G' %2' 6**%(6*3 +, &>+2 $6$'( 4"( '16D%6&E +,A &>' $'(4"(#6,*' "4 &>' &+*H'& $('C+*&"(/ G>+*> +2 C'4,'C 62 &>' $("$"(&+", "4 2%;2*(+;'(2 622"*+6&'C G+&> &>' &"$ N $('C+*&+",2 G>" >61' +22%'C &+*H'&2 G+&>+, ] G''H2 4("# &>' $('C+*&+", &+#'. b"g'1'(/ 2%*> 6 #'&(+* +2 1'(3 *",2'(16E &+1'. 7, incorrect prediction #63 ;' ('D6&'C &" 6 ('6D -): $(";D'# ;%& 2"#'>"G &>' *%2&"#'( C+C,"& +22%' 6 &+*H'& 4"( 16(+"%2 ('62",2. P' 2>6DD C+2*%22 &>'2' ('62",2 +, C'&6+D +, )'*&+", ^.Y. P' +DD%2&(6&' &>' 6**%(6*3 "4 C+44'(',& 4'6&%(' 2'D'*&+", #'&>"C2 +, h+a. j/ G>'(' &>' xe6n+2 ('$('2',&2 &>',%#;'( "4 &"$ $('C+*&+",2 2'D'*&'C 6,C &>' ye6n+2 2&6,C2 4"( &>' 6**%E ] P>', &>',%#;'( "4 +&'(6&+", +2 'O%6D &" _ZZ/ &(6+,+,A &>' *D62E 2+4 '( ", [ #+DD+", &(6+,+,A ('*"(C2 ('O%+('2 6("%,C Y >"%(2 ", 6 &3$+*6D 2'(1'( #6*>+,' G+&>"%& $6(6DD'D+@6&+",. I,D3 D'22 &>6, [^ #+,%&'2 6(',''C'C 4"( (6,H+,A 6DD &>' -): D+,'2 T2'1'(6D #+DD+",K.

9 AccuracyFM%N 35 3> 25 2> 15 AUC AverageFprecisionFF. Top!2>GFA5 5CA GainFratio 1> > 5> 1>> 15> 2>> Num4erFofFpredictionsFselectedFMGN AccuracyFM%N 45 4> 35 3> 25 2> 15 1> 5 WithoutFderivedFfeaturesFF. AllFselectedFfeatures > > 2> 4> 6> 8> 1>> Num4erFofFpredictionsFselectedFMGN CDV 1 >.8 >.6 >.4 >.2 TopF1>G TopF2>G TopF1>>G > > 5 1> 15 2> 25 3> Num4erFofFdays Figure 6: Feature selection methods. (6*3 "4 &>'2' &"$ x $('C+*&+",2. P' ";2'(1' &>6& &>' $("$"2'C &"$EN 7V #'&>"C "%&$'(4"(#2 6DD &>' "&>'( #'&>"C2 2+A,+4E +*6,&D3 G>', D'22 &>6, YZi $('C+*&+",2 6(' *>"2',. b"ge '1'(/ 62 #"(' $('C+*&+",2 6(' 2'D'*&'C/ &>' 6**%(6*3 4("# &>' &"$EN 7V #'&>"C ;'*"#'2 D"G'( &>6, &>' $"$%D6( 70! ;62'C #'&>"C. 8>+2 $>',"#',", +#$D+'2 &>6&/ '1', &>"%A> &>' ;""2&+,A 6DA"(+&># 4"*%2'2 ", #6N+#+@+,A &>' "1'(6DD 6**%(6*3/ &>' 4'6&%('2 *>"2', ;3 &>' &"$EN 7V #'&>"C '4E 4'*&+1'D3 2'D'*& #"(' &(%' $('C+*&+",2 &" ;' G+&>+, &>' &"$ YZi. F, &>+2 G63/ G' *6, #6H' ;'&&'( %2' "4 &>' 'N&(6 &+*H'& >6,CD+,A *6$6*+&3 $("1+C'C ;3 &>' 78-) 232&'# &" $("6*E &+1'D3 ('2"D1' #"(' $"&',&+6D *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2. P',"&' &>6& +, "%( &"$EN 7V #'&>"C/ N +2 6 &%,6;D' $6(6#E '&'(/ G>+*> *6, ;' ',D6(A'C G>', #"(' $('C+*&+",2 *6, ;' 6**"##"C6&'C ;3 78-). P','N& 2&%C3 &>' $'(4"(#6,*' "4 &>' &+*H'& $('C+*&"( ", C+44'(',& D+,' #'62%('#',& 4'6&%('2 +, 86;D' \. h+a. k 2>"G2 &>' $('C+*&+", ('2%D&2 %,C'( C+44'(',& 4'6&%(' 2'&2/ G>'(' &>' xe6n+2 2&6,C2 4"( &>',%#;'( "4 $('C+*&+",2 2'D'*&'C 6,C &>' ye6n+2 ('$('2',&2 &>' 6**%(6*3 "( $('*+2+", +, &>' &"$ x $('E C+*&+",2. 8>' C"&&'C *%(1' *"(('2$",C2 &" &>' 6**%(6*3 G>', ",D3 >+2&"(3 6,C *%2&"#'( 4'6&%('2 6(' %2'C/ G>+D' &>' 2"D+C *%(1' ('$('2',&2 &>' 6**%(6*3 G>', 6DD &>' 4'6&%('2 +, 86E ;D' \ 6(' %2'C. 8>' &"$E20K 7V #'&>"C +2 6$$D+'C &" 2'D'*& 4'6&%('2 4("# ;"&> 4'6&%(' 2'&2. h("# h+a. k/ G' 6*>+'1' A""C 6**%(6*3 T\k._mK G+&> >+2E &"(3 6,C *%2&"#'( 4'6&%('2 4"( &>' &"$ YZi $('C+*&+",2. 8>' 6CC+&+", "4 C'(+1'C 4'6&%('2 4%(&>'( ;""2&2 &>' 6**%(6*3 &" ]Zm. 5"(' 2$'*+4 *6DD3/ G>', N ('6*>'2 &>' #6N+#%# *6E $6*+&3 "4 YZi/ G' 6*>+'1' Y &(%' $('C+*&+",2 4"( \ +,*"(('*& $('C+*&+",2 T"( 6 (6&+" "4 [J[.^K^. 8>+2 #'6,2 &>6& 4"( #"(' &>6, _i "4 &>' $('C+*&'C D+,'2/ G' ";2'(1' 6& D'62& ",' &+*H'& G+&>+, 4"%( G''H2 64&'( "%( $('C+*&+",. 8>+2 C'#",2&(6&'2 &>' '44'*&+1','22 "4 +,*"($"(6&+,A &>' *"16(+6,*' "4 4'6&%('2 +,&" &>' *D622+4 '( ;3 ',*"C+,A &>'# 'N$D+*+&D3 %2+,A C'(+1'C O%6C(6&+* 4'6&%('2 6,C $("C%*& 4'6&%('2. Figure 7: Ticket prediction results. Figure 8: CDF of ticket arrival time. 6*&%6D *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2 G+&>+, &>' YZi $('C+*&+",2L YK &>' &+#' 6DD"G'C 4"( ('2"D1+,A $('C+*&'C $(";D'#2 ;'4"(' *%2&"#'(2 *"#$D6+,. h("# &>' '16D%6&+", ('2%D& +, )'*&+", ^.[/ G' 6*>+'1' 6, 6**%(6*3 6("%,C ]Zm 4"( &>' &"$ YZi $('C+*&+",2/ +.'./ 6("%,C [Yi +,*"(('*& $('C+*&+",2. Q"&' &>6& +, 2%*> 6, "44 +,' '16DE %6&+",/ G' ('D3 ", 6*&%6D *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2 &" '16D%6&' &>' 6**%(6*3 "4 &>' $("$"2'C &+*H'& $('C+*&"(/ +.'./ 6 &+*H'& +2 *",E 2+C'('C &" ;' *"(('*&D3 $('C+*&'C +4 6,C ",D &+*H'& 622"E *+6&'C G+&> 6 *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'# +2 ";2'(1'C G+&>+, ",' #",&> 64&'( &>' $('C+*&+",. P' %2' ",' #",&> >'(' &" A+1' &>' *%2&"#'(2 ',"%A> &+#' &" ('$"(& &>' $(";D'#2 C'6D+,A G+&> +,&'(#+&&',& *",,'*&+",2 "( 2D"G ;("G2+,A $(";D'#2 62 &>'3 6(' >6(C &" $'(*'+1' "( #"(' &"D'(6;D'. )&+DD/ &>' ('$"(&'C $(";D'#2 4("# &>' *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2 ",D3 *"#$(+2' 6 2%;2'& "4 6DD &>' *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2. F, &>' 4"DD"G+,A/ G' 'NE $D"(' &G" 2*',6(+"2 G>', 6 ('6D $(";D'# G+DD,"& ;' ('$"(&'C ;3 &>' *%2&"#'(. Outage problems and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h"( '6*> +,*"(E ('*& $('C+*&+",/ G' 4 (2& +C',&+43 &>' *"(('2$",C+,A -):75 &>6& +& "*+6&'C G+&>. P' 622%#' &>' +,*"(('*& $('C+*&+", ;'D",A2 &" &>' FS= 2*',6(+" +4 6& D'62& ",' "%&6A' $(";D'# +2 ";2'(1'C +, &>' &+*H'&2 4("# &>' *%2&"#'(2 ;'D",A+,A &" &>' 26#' -):75 G+&>+, T G''H2 4("# &>' $('C+*&+", &+#'. [ G''H Y G''H2 \ G''H2 ] G''H2 m "4 +,*"(('*& $('C+*&+",2 [Y.k [_.] Yj.] \[.^!"'4. 4"( "%&6A' $('C+*&+", Z.Zk\\ Z.Zk^Y Z.Zk_k Z.Zk_] VE16D%' Z.ZZY[ Z.ZZ[\ Z.ZZYk Z.ZZ[[ 5.2 Discussion of the Prediction Results h("# &>' "$'(6&+", $'(2$'*&+1'/ &>' '44'*&+1','22 "4 6 $("6*E &+1' 2"D%&+", '*&'C ;3 &G" 46*&"(2J [K &>',%#;'( "4 ^P' >61' 6D2" *"#$6('C &>' ('2%D&2 %2+,A 4'6&%('2 4("# 70! 6,C A6+, (6&+" #'&>"C2/ G>+*> 6A6+, 6(' #%*> G"(2' &>6, &>' &"$EN 7V #'&>"C 4"( &>' &"$ YZi $('C+*&+",2. P' "#+& &>' C'&6+D >'(' C%' &" 2$6*' D+#+&. Table 5: Incorrect predictions explained by outages. M3 16(3+,A T 4("# [ G''H &" ] G''H2/ G' 2>"G &>' $("E $"(&+", "4 +,*"(('*& $('C+*&+",2 &>6& *6, ;' 'N$D6+,'C ;3 &>' FS= 2*',6(+" +, 86;D' ^ T("G [K. 7("%,C [Y.km +,*"(('*& $('C+*&+",2 6(' D+H'D3 &>' 6(&+46*& "4 FS= 4"( "%&6A' $(";E D'#2 G>', &>' "%&6A' $(";D'#2 6(' ";2'(1'C G+&>+, 6 G''H 4("# &>' $('C+*&+", &+#'. 8>+2 $("$"(&+", +,*('62'2 &" \[.^m

10 G>', 6& D'62& ",' "%&6A' $(";D'# +2 ('$"(&'C +, ] G''H2. F, 46*&/ G' >61' ";2'(1'C 6 *"(('D6&+", ;'&G'', $('C+*E &+",2 6,C 4%&%(' "%&6A' $(";D'#2. :'& outage(d, t, T ) ;' 6 ;+,6(3 '1',&/ G>'(' outage(d, t, T ) = & D'62& ",' "%&E 6A' $(";D'# "**%(2 +, -):75 d ;'&G'', [t, t + T ]. P' O%6,&+43 &>' *"(('D6&+", ;'&G'', &+*H'& $('C+*&+",2 T+, &>' &"$ YZiK 6,C 4%&%(' "%&6A' $(";D'#2 %2+,A D"A+2&+* ('A('2E 2+",J logit(#predictions) outage(d, t, T ). P' 16(3 T 4("# [ G''H &" ] G''H2. 8>' *"'44 *+',&2 6,C VE16D%'2 4("# &>' ('A('22+", ('2%D&2 6(' $('2',&'C +, 86;D' ^ T("G YE\K. P' ";2'(1' &>6& &>'(' +2 6DG &(",A TVE16D%'2 D'22 &>6, ^mk $"2+&+1' T*"'44 *+',&2 A('6&'( &>6, ZK *"(('D6&+", ;'&G'', &>' 4%&%(' "%&6A' $(";D'#2 6,C,%#;'( "4 $('C+*&'C *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2 4("# 6 *'(&6+, -):75. M62'C ", &>+2 ";2'(E 16&+",/ &>',%#;'( "4 $('C+*&+",2 622"*+6&'C G+&> 6 -):75 *6, ;' %2'C 62 6, +,C+*6&"( 4"( 4%&%(' "%&6A' $(";D'#2. F, 6CE C+&+",/ G' *6, A("%$ $('C+*&+",2 ;3 -):752 6,C 2',C ",' &(%*H &" ('2"D1' #"2& "4 &>' $(";D'#2 +, 6 A+1', -):75. Customers not on site. F, &>' 2'*",C 2*',6(+"/ 6 *%2&"#'( #63,"& %2' &>' -): 2'(1+*' G>', &>' $('C+*&'C $(";D'# "*E *%(2/ &>%2 2>' G+DD,"&,"&+*' &>' $(";D'# 6,C," *%2&"#'( &+*H'& %'C. 8" +C',&+43 +,*"(('*& $('C+*&+",2 *"(('2$",CE +,A &" &>+2 2*',6(+"/ G' *"DD'*& C6+D3 6AA('A6&'C ;3&' +,4"(E #6&+", 4"( +,C+1+C%6D *%2&"#'(2 %,C'( &G" M=7) 2'(1'(2. P' *",2+C'( 6 *%2&"#'( &" ;',"& ", 2+&' G>',," &(644 * +2 ";2'(1'C 4("# &>6& *%2&"#'( 4("# ",' G''H ;'4"(' &>' $('E C+*&+", &+#' %,&+D ",' G''H 64&'( &>' $('C+*&+", &+#'. h"( [Yi +,*"(('*& $('C+*&+",2/ G' +C',&+43 [Z_ 2%;2*(+;'(2 G+&> *"(('2$",C+,A ;3&' +,4"(#6&+",. b"g'1'(/ [_ "%& "4 &>'2' [Z_ 2%;2*(+;'(2 T[j.kmK 6(' *D622+4 'C 62,"& ", 2+&'. 8>+2 #'6,2 2%*> [j.km $('C+*&+",2 6(' $D6%2+;D3 G+&> ('6D *%2E &"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#2/ ;%& &>' *%2&"#'(2 C","& ('6D+@' &>' $(";D'#2 2+,*' &>'3 6(' 6G63. 8>+2 6D2" $("1+C' %2 6 G63 &" $(+"(+&+@' &>' YZi $('C+*&+",2 ;3 4 N+,A D+,'2 G+&> #"(' *%2&"#'( 6*&+1+&+'2 4 (2&. R1', &>"%A> G' ",D3 >61' 6 2#6DD 26#$D' "4 6DD &>' -): *%2&"#'(2/ G' 'N$'*& &>' 26#' ";E 2'(16&+", >"DC2 4"( &>' -): *%2&"#'(2 *",,'*&+,A &" "&>'( M=7) 2'(1'(2. F, 6CC+&+",/ &>'(' #+A>& ;' *%2&"#'(2 ;'E D",A+,A &" ;"&> 2*',6(+"2 &>6& G' >61' C+2*%22'C 2" 46(. P' G+DD +,1'2&+A6&' &>+2 +, &>' *"#+,A &(+6D "4 QRSR=5FQ-. Determining the urgency to solve a problem. P','N& 2&%C3 &>' &+#' +,&'(16D 4("# &>' &+#' "4 $('C+*&+", "4 6 $(";E D'# &" &>' &+#' G>', 6 *%2&"#'( ('$"(&2 &>' $(";D'#. 8>' $%($"2' +2 &" %,C'(2&6,C >"G #%*> &+#' G' >61' 4("# G>', 6 $('C+*&+", +2 #6C' ;'4"(' &>' *%2&"#'( 2&6(&2 *"#$D6+,+,A. 8>' #"(' &+#' G' >61'/ &>' #"(' *>6,*' 4"( ('2"D1+,A &>' $(";D'# 6,C &>' >+A>'( *>6,*' 4"( ('C%*+,A 4%&%(' &+*H'&2. P' +DD%2&(6&' &>' C+2&(+;%&+",2 "4 &>' &+#' +,&'(16D2 4"( &>' &"$ [Zi/ &"$ YZi 6,C &"$ [ZZi $('C+*&+",2 +, h+a. _. P' ";2'(1' +, h+a. _ &>6& 6("%,C _Zm "4 6DD &>' $('C+*&'C &+*H'&2 *"#' G+&>+, &G" G''H2. 8>+2 +#$D+'2 >+A>'( 6**%(6*3 4"( $('C+*&+,A &+*H'&2 +, &>','6( 4%&%('/ G>+*> +2,"& 2%($(+2+,A/ 2+,*' &>' *"(('D6&+", ;'&G'', D+,' #'62%('#',&2 6,C 4%&%(' *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2 ;'*"#'2 G'6H 62 &>' &+#' A6$ +,*('62'2. P' *",2+C'( &>6& G' #+22 6 &+*H'& +4 G' 46+D &" ('2"D1' 6 $('C+*&'C &+*H'& ;'4"(' &>' *%2&"#'( *"#$D6+,2. h("# h+a. _/ +4 G' 4 N 6DD &>' $('C+*&'C $(";D'#2 ;3 5",C63 T6DD"G+,A &G" C632 4"( 4 N+,A &>' $(";D'#2K/ G' G+DD #+22 6& #"2& [^m "4 &>' &+*H'&2. I,D3 6& #"2& YZm "4 &>' &+*H'&2 6(' #+22'C +4 G' 4 N 6DD $('C+*&'C $(";D'#2 +, &>('' C632. P' &>%2 >61' $D',&3 "4 &+#' &" >6,CD' &>' $('C+*&'C *%2&"#'( &+*H'&2. 6. LOCATING PROBLEMS F, &>+2 2'*&+",/ G' ;(+'4 3 +,&("C%*' &>' C'2+A, 6,C '16D%E 6&+", "4 &>' &("%;D' D"*6&"(. 7, +,4"(#6&+",E&>'"('&+*?%2&+4 E *6&+", "4 &>' $("$"2'C +,4'(',*' #"C'D *6, ;' 4"%,C +, &>' &'*>,+*6D ('$"(& 1'(2+", "4 &>+2 $6$'( e_g. 6.1 A Simple Experience Model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h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lat and Combined Inference Models 8>' C+('*& +,4'(',*' #"C'D/ G>+*> G' ('4'( &" 62 &>' "at #"C'D/ (6,H2 6DD &>' D"*6&+",2 6**"(C+,A &" &>' $(";6;+D+&3 "4 ;'+,A &>' (""& *6%2' "4 6 *%2&"#'( 'CA' $(";D'#. :'& x R n C',"&' 6DD &>' D+,' 4'6&%('2 +, 86;D' \. :'& C i, 1 i 4 ;' ",' "4 &>' 4"%( #6?"( $(";D'# D"*6&+",2/ '.A./ &>' >"#','&G"(H THNK/ 6,C C ij ;' 6 2$'*+4 * C+2$"2+&+", 6& C i / '.A./ &>' -): #"C'# 6& HN T2'' h+a. YK. 8>' 4 6& 6$$("6*> *",2+2&2 "4 &(6+,+,A 6 ",'E1'(2%2E"&>'( ;+,6(3 *D622+4 '( f Cij 4"( '6*> "4 &>' C ij C+2$"2+&+",2 T&>','A6&+1' *D622'2 *"(('2$",C2 &" 6DD 'N6#$D'2 &>6& C","& ;'E D",A &" C ij K. 8>' "%&$%& 4("# &>' *D622+4 '( +2 &>', *",1'(&'C &" P ij (C ij x) &>("%A> D"A+2&+* *6D+;(6&+",/ G>+*> ('$('2',&2/ A+1', &>' *%((',& D+,' #'62%('#',&2 x/ &>' D+H'D+>""C &>6&

! " #! $ %! & & $ &%!

!  #! $ %! & & $ &%! !" #! $ %!&&$&%! ! ' ( ')&!&*( & )+,-&.,//0 1 23+ -4&5,//0 )6+ )&!&*( '(7-&8 )&!&9!':(7,&8 )&!&2!'1;

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!"!# ""$ %%"" %$" &" %" "!'! " #$!

!!# $ %% %$ & % !'!  #$! " "" %%"" %" &" %" " " " % ((((( ((( ((((( " %%%% & ) * ((( "* ( + ) (((( (, (() (((((* ( - )((((( )((((((& + )(((((((((( +. ) ) /(((( +( ),(, ((((((( +, 0 )/ (((((+ ++, ((((() & "( %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%(

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Parts Manual. Trio Mobile Surgery Platform. Model 1033

Parts Manual. Trio Mobile Surgery Platform. Model 1033 Trio Mobile Surgery Platform Model 1033 Parts Manual For parts or technical assistance: Pour pièces de service ou assistance technique : Für Teile oder technische Unterstützung Anruf: Voor delen of technische

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

... 5 A.. RS-232C ( ) RS-232C ( ) RS-232C-LK & RS-232C-MK RS-232C-JK & RS-232C-KK

... 5 A.. RS-232C ( ) RS-232C ( ) RS-232C-LK & RS-232C-MK RS-232C-JK & RS-232C-KK RS-3C WIWM050 014.1.9 P1 :8... 1... 014.0.1 1 A... 014.0. 1... RS-3C()...01.08.03 A.. RS-3C()...01.08.03 3... RS-3C()... 003.11.5 4... RS-3C ()... 00.10.01 5... RS-3C().008.07.16 5 A.. RS-3C().0 1.08.

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

! "#" "" $ "%& ' %$(%& % &'(!!")!*!&+ ,! %$( - .$'!"

! #  $ %& ' %$(%& % &'(!!)!*!&+ ,! %$( - .$'! ! "#" "" $ "%& ' %$(%&!"#$ % &'(!!")!*!&+,! %$( -.$'!" /01&$23& &4+ $$ /$ & & / ( #(&4&4!"#$ %40 &'(!"!!&+ 5,! %$( - &$ $$$".$'!" 4(02&$ 4 067 4 $$*&(089 - (0:;

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Supplemental file 3. All 306 mapped IDs collected by IPA program. Supplemental file 6. The functions and main focused genes in each network.

Supplemental file 3. All 306 mapped IDs collected by IPA program. Supplemental file 6. The functions and main focused genes in each network. LIST OF SUPPLEMENTAL FILES Supplemental file 1. Primer sets used for qrt-pcr. Supplemental file 2. All 1305 differentially expressed genes. Supplemental file 3. All 306 mapped IDs collected by IPA program.

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

-! " #!$ %& ' %( #! )! ' 2003

-!  #!$ %& ' %( #! )! ' 2003 -! "#!$ %&' %(#!)!' ! 7 #!$# 9 " # 6 $!% 6!!! 6! 6! 6 7 7 &! % 7 ' (&$ 8 9! 9!- "!!- ) % -! " 6 %!( 6 6 / 6 6 7 6!! 7 6! # 8 6!! 66! #! $ - (( 6 6 $ % 7 7 $ 9!" $& & " $! / % " 6!$ 6!!$#/ 6 #!!$! 9 /!

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

! " # $ $ % # & ' (% & $ &) % & $ $ # *! &+, - &+

!  # $ $ % # & ' (% & $ &) % & $ $ # *! &+, - &+ ! " # $ $ % # & ' (% & $ &) % & $ $ # *! &+, - &+ &) + ) &) $, - &+ $ " % +$ ". # " " (% +/ ". 0 + 0 1 +! 1 $ 2 1 &3 # 2 45 &.6#4 2 7$ 2 2 2! $/, # 8 ! "#" $% & '( %! %! # '%! % " "#" $% % )% * #!!% '

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

! " #$% & '()()*+.,/0.

!  #$% & '()()*+.,/0. ! " #$% & '()()*+,),--+.,/0. 1!!" "!! 21 # " $%!%!! &'($ ) "! % " % *! 3 %,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0 %%4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!"#!"!"# $ "# '()!* '+!*, -"*!" $ "#. /01 023 43 56789:3 4 ;8< = 7 >/? 44= 7 @ 90A 98BB8: ;4B0C BD :0 E D:84F3 B8: ;4BG H ;8

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

"#$%$$ &* '#( "#$%$$,$*- ') % %$$. '#-) -& $$ #)**-% -"*! :6 -#0! :888 -! #;/$-

#$%$$ &* '#( #$%$$,$*- ') % %$$. '#-) -& $$ #)**-% -*! :6 -#0! :888 -! #;/$- ! "#$%$$& '#()* +' "#$%$$$$$$ '#()" "#$%$$$$ '#( "#$%$$ $ '#( "#$%$$ &* '#( "#$%$$$% '#( "#$%$$,$*- ') % %$$. '#-) -& ***-#*$$%'%*'#() #-'#&&*-&')#"%$ /**- $$ 01234 5622-#)**-% -"*! 7833154962:6 -#0! 78331549:888

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

,, #,#, %&'(($#(#)&*"& 3,,#!4!4! +&'(#,-$#,./$012 5 # # %, )

,, #,#, %&'(($#(#)&*& 3,,#!4!4! +&'(#,-$#,./$012 5 # # %, ) !! "#$%&'%( (%)###**#+!"#$ ',##-.#,,, #,#, /01('/01/'#!2#! %&'(($#(#)&*"& 3,,#!4!4! +&'(#,-$#,./$012 5 # # %, ) 6###+! 4! 4! 4,*!47! 4! (! 8!9%,,#!41! 4! (! 4!5),!(8! 4! (! :!;!(7! (! 4! 4!!8! (! 8! 4!!8(!44!

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

! "# $ % $&'& () *+ (,-. / 0 1(,21(,*) (3 4 5 "$ 6, ::: ;"<$& = = 7 + > + 5 $?"# 46(A *( / A 6 ( 1,*1 B"',CD77E *+ *),*,*) F? $G'& 0/ (,.

! # $ % $&'& () *+ (,-. / 0 1(,21(,*) (3 4 5 $ 6, ::: ;<$& = = 7 + > + 5 $?# 46(A *( / A 6 ( 1,*1 B',CD77E *+ *),*,*) F? $G'& 0/ (,. ! " #$%&'()' *('+$,&'-. /0 1$23(/%/4. 1$)('%%'($( )/,)$5)/6%6 7$85,-9$(- /0 :/986-$, ;2'$(2$ 1'$-/-$)('')5( /&5&-/ 5(< =(4'($$,'(4 1$%$2/996('25-'/(& ;/0->5,$ 1'$-/%'')$(($/3?$%9'&-/?$( 5(< @6%-'9$

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

HONDA. Έτος κατασκευής

HONDA. Έτος κατασκευής Accord + Coupe IV 2.0 16V (CB3) F20A2-A3 81 110 01/90-09/93 0800-0175 11,00 2.0 16V (CB3) F20A6 66 90 01/90-09/93 0800-0175 11,00 2.0i 16V (CB3-CC9) F20A8 98 133 01/90-09/93 0802-9205M 237,40 2.0i 16V

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!" #$! '() -*,*( *(*)* *. 1#,2 (($3-*-/*/330%#& !" #$ -4*30*/335*

! #$! '() -*,*( *(*)* *. 1#,2 (($3-*-/*/330%#& ! #$ -4*30*/335* !" #$ %#&! '( (* + #*,*(**!',(+ *,*( *(** *. * #*,*(**( 0* #*,*(**(***&, 1#,2 (($3**330%#&!" #$ 4*30*335* ( 6777330"$% 8.9% '.* &(",*( *(** *. " ( : %$ *.#*,*(**." %#& 6 &;" * (.#*,*(**( #*,*(**(***&,

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

! "! #" # $ #% !!*$( & +( $#!,-'( . $ ), ( )* / $ 5- (6 7# 8,6 - - /& 4&! '

! ! # # $ #% !!*$( & +( $#!,-'( . $ ), ( )* / $ 5- (6 7# 8,6 - - /& 4&! ' ! "! #" # $ #% & '#()!!*$( & +( $#!,-'(. $ ), ( )* /0 1234 $ 5- (6 7# 8,6 - - /& 4&! ' 6,!(*$(- (,('& 9 !" # $% $% $$!" #$ # % # &'&&&&&'& &() #* $$ & '' $( $) * $ +"&,-&!" +$ )$ " ## +," )- )) ## &. ''

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

www.smarterglass.com 978 65 6190 sales@smarterglass.com &&$'()!"#$%$# !!"# "#$%&'! &"# $() &() (, -. #)/ 0-.#! 0(, 0-. #)/ 1!2#! 13#25 631% -. #)/ 013#7-8(,83%&)( 2 %! 1%!#!#2!9&8!,:!##!%%3#9&8!,:!#,#!%63

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

! "# $"%%&$$'($)*#'*#&+$ ""$&#! "#, &,$-.$! "$-/+#0-, *# $-*/+,/+%!(#*#&1!/+# ##$+!%2&$*2$ 3 4 #' $+#!#!%0 -/+ *&

! # $%%&$$'($)*#'*#&+$ $&#! #, &,$-.$! $-/+#0-, *# $-*/+,/+%!(#*#&1!/+# ##$+!%2&$*2$ 3 4 #' $+#!#!%0 -/+ *& ! "# $"%%&$$'($)*#'*#&+$ ""$&#! "#, &,$-.$! "$-/+#0-, *# $-*/+,/+%!(#*#&1!/+# ##$+!%2&$*2$ 3 4 #' $+#!#!%0 -/+ *& '*$$%!#*#&-!5!&,-/+#$!&- &"/ "$,&/#!6$7,&78 "$% &$&'#-/+#!5*% 3 +!$ 9 &$*,2"%& #$- 3 '*$%#

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

! "#! & "0/! ).#! 71 1&$ -+ #" &> " %+# "1 2$

! #! & 0/! ).#! 71 1&$ -+ # &>  %+# 1 2$ "#$" &""'(() *+ , -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. / 0-1 2 $1 " 1 /& 1------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

TALAR ROSA -. / ',)45$%"67789

TALAR ROSA -. / ',)45$%67789 TALAR ROSA!"#"$"%$&'$%(" )*"+%(""%$," *$ -. / 0"$%%"$&'1)2$3!"$ ',)45$%"67789 ," %"(%:,;,"%,$"$)$*2

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!! "#$%& ! " # $ &%"+,(-. (# / 0 1%23%(2443

!! #$%& !  # $ &%+,(-. (# / 0 1%23%(2443 "#$& " # $ & ' &( &)* &"# &"+,(-. (# / 0 123(2443 2443 56 1 7 & '()(()(*+( ),)(-.(/)((,),24420 8.94: -; :53&:54::549 '()((0)(#'(1)(' ( )(-.(/)((,),24460..94: < * 94&5=>6 '()( 2( )(3(1)((0)('.( )4)((,)

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

C F E E E F FF E F B F F A EA C AEC

C F E E E F FF E F B F F A EA C AEC Proceedings of the International Multiconference on Computer Science and Information Technology pp. 767 774 ISBN 978-83-60810-27-9 ISSN 1896-7094 CFEEEFFFEFBFFAEAC AEC EEEDB DACDB DEEE EDBCD BACE FE DD

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

ABCDA EF A A D A ABCDA CA D ABCDA EF

ABCDA EF A A D A ABCDA CA D ABCDA EF ABCDAEF BABC FDDDDABCBABAC BBCABCADB AADAABCDACAD ABBFADAABA ABBFA AAFAB ABCDAEF AAABBA AA CADA BABA AA DA ABCDAEF BABC FDDDDABCBABAC BBCABCADB AADAABCDACAD ABBFADAABA CAA BABADFAAFAB BCAFAB ABCDAEF AAABBA

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

! " # " $ #% $ "! #&'() '" ( * / ) ",. #

!  #  $ #% $ ! #&'() ' ( * / ) ,. # Ψ ƒ! " # " $ #% $ "! #&'() '" ( * +",-.'!( / ) ",. # 0# $"!"#$%# Ψ 12/345 6),78 94. ƒ 9)")1$/):0;3;::9 >'= ( ? 9 @ '&( % A! &*?9 '( B+)C*%++ &*%++C 0 4 3'+C( D'+C(%E $B B - " % B

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Πίνακας ρυθμίσεων στο χώρο εγκατάστασης

Πίνακας ρυθμίσεων στο χώρο εγκατάστασης 1/8 Κατάλληλες εσωτερικές μονάδες *HVZ4S18CB3V *HVZ8S18CB3V *HVZ16S18CB3V Σημειώσεις (*5) *4/8* 4P41673-1 - 215.4 2/8 Ρυθμίσεις χρήστη Προκαθορισμένες τιμές Θερμοκρασία χώρου 7.4.1.1 Άνεση (θέρμανση) R/W

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗ ΕΝΩΣΗ ΤΕΥΧΟΣ ΙΑΚΗΡΥΞΗΣ ΗΜΟΣΙΟΥ ΑΝΟΙΚΤΟΥ ΙΕΘΝΟΥΣ ΙΑΓΩΝΙΣΜΟΥ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΘΕΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΩΝ:

ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗ ΕΝΩΣΗ ΤΕΥΧΟΣ ΙΑΚΗΡΥΞΗΣ ΗΜΟΣΙΟΥ ΑΝΟΙΚΤΟΥ ΙΕΘΝΟΥΣ ΙΑΓΩΝΙΣΜΟΥ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΘΕΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΩΝ: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ Υ.ΠΕ.ΧΩ..Ε. 3ο Κ Π. Σ. Ε.Π.ΠΕΡ. ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗ ΕΝΩΣΗ! " " ;!! $&E!! =!,!! J 0!K ΦΟΡΕΑΣ ΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗΣ ΛΙΜΝΗΣ ΚΕΡΚΙΝΗΣ ΤΕΥΧΟΣ ΙΑΚΗΡΥΞΗΣ ΗΜΟΣΙΟΥ ΑΝΟΙΚΤΟΥ ΙΕΘΝΟΥΣ ΙΑΓΩΝΙΣΜΟΥ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΘΕΣΗ ΤΩΝ

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

k k ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 1 G = (V, E) V E V V V G E G e = {v, u} E v u e v u G G V (G) E(G) n(g) = V (G) m(g) = E(G) G S V (G) S G N G (S) = {u V (G)\S v S : {v, u} E(G)} G v S v V (G) N G (v) = N G ({v}) x V (G)

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

())*+,-./0-1+*)*2, *67()(,01-+4(-8 9 0:,*2./0 30 ;+-7 3* *),+*< 7+)0 3* (=24(-) 04(-() 18(4-3-) 3-2(>*+)(3-3*

())*+,-./0-1+*)*2, *67()(,01-+4(-8 9 0:,*2./0 30 ;+-7 3* *),+*< 7+)0 3* (=24(-) 04(-() 18(4-3-) 3-2(>*+)(3-3* ! " # $ $ %&&' % $ $! " # ())*+,-./0-1+*)*2,-3-4050+*67()(,01-+4(-8 9 0:,*2./0 30 ;+-7 3* *),+*< 7+)0 3* *),+-30 *5 35(2(),+-./0 30 *,0+ 3* (=24(-) 04(-() 18(4-3-) 3-2(>*+)(3-3* *3*+-830-+-2?< +(*2,-30+

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!!"#$"%&'()%*$& !! )!+($,-./,0. !! )!"% $&)#$+($1$ !!2)%$34#$$)$ !!+(&%#(%$5$( #$%

!!#$%&'()%*$& !! )!+($,-./,0. !! )!% $&)#$+($1$ !!2)%$34#$$)$ !!+(&%#(%$5$( #$% !!"#$"%&'()%*$&!! )!+($,-./,0.!"#!! )!"% $&)#$+($1$!!2)%$34#$$)$!!+(&%#(%$5$( #$% & !"# $ $ % # &#$ '()*+, -,./ $* 0" 10#')230##445$&% ##* % 0# ' 4#, ) 0# $, 0# 6 7% % # #* # 8#10&29,:# )) )# )#

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

MICROMASTER Vector MIDIMASTER Vector

MICROMASTER Vector MIDIMASTER Vector s MICROMASTER Vector MIDIMASTER Vector... 2 1.... 4 2. -MICROMASTER VECTOR... 5 3. -MIDIMASTER VECTOR... 16 4.... 24 5.... 28 6.... 32 7.... 54 8.... 56 9.... 61 Siemens plc 1998 G85139-H1751-U553B 1.

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

A Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Objective Video Quality Assessment

A Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Objective Video Quality Assessment A Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Objective Video Quality Assessment Patrick Le Callet, Christian Viard-Gaudin, Dominique Barba To cite this version: Patrick Le Callet, Christian Viard-Gaudin,

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!"! #!"!!$ #$! %!"&' & (%!' #!% #" *! *$' *.!! )#/'.0! )#/.*!$,)# * % $ %!!#!!%#'!)$! #,# #!%# ##& )$&# 11!!#2!

!! #!!!$ #$! %!&' & (%!' #!% # *! *$' *.!! )#/'.0! )#/.*!$,)# * % $ %!!#!!%#'!)$! #,# #!%# ##& )$&# 11!!#2! # $ #$ % (% # )*%%# )# )$ % # * *$ * #,##%#)#% *-. )#/###%. )#/.0 )#/.* $,)# )#/ * % $ % # %# )$ #,# # %# ## )$# 11 #2 #**##%% $#%34 5 # %## * 6 7(%#)%%%, #, # ## # *% #$# 8# )####, 7 9%%# 0 * #,, :;

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!"! # $ %"" & ' ( ! " # '' # $ # # " %( *++*

!! # $ % & ' ( !  # '' # $ # #  %( *++* !"! # $ %"" & ' (! " # $% & %) '' # $ # # '# " %( *++* #'' # $,-"*++* )' )'' # $ (./ 0 ( 1'(+* *++* * ) *+',-.- * / 0 1 - *+- '!*/ 2 0 -+3!'-!*&-'-4' "/ 5 2, %0334)%3/533%43.15.%4 %%3 6!" #" $" % & &'"

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

/&25*+* 24.&6,2(2**02)' 24

/&25*+* 24.&6,2(2**02)' 24 !! "#$ % (33 &' ())**,"-.&/(,01.2(*(33*( ( &,.*(33*( ( 2&/((,*(33*( 24 /&25** 24.&6,2(2**02)' 24 " 0 " ( 78,' 4 (33 72"08 " 2/((,02..2(& (902)' 4 #% 7' 2"8(7 39$:80(& 2/((,* (33; (* 3: &

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

]Zp _[ I 8G4G /<4 6EE =A>/8E>4 06? E6/<; 6008:6> /8= 4; /823 ;1A :40 >176/812; 98/< ;76//40823 E182/;G g= = 4/<1

]Zp _[ I 8G4G /<4 6EE =A>/8E>4 06? E6/<; 6008:6> /8= 4; /823 ;1A :40 >176/812; 98/< ;76//40823 E182/;G g= = 4/<1 ! " #$ # %$ & ' ( ) *+, ( -+./0123 045067/812 15 96:4; 82 /178/? = 1@4> 82/01@A74; B824= 6/87 60/8567/; C 71 04D47/10; C 82/1 /

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

4 8 c +t +t - (t +t ) - <t +t < - < t t < + +c ( ) +t + ( ) +t + [ - (t +t )] (t + t ) + t + t t 0 + +c c x i R + (i ΔABC ABC ) x i x i c ABC 0 ABC AC

4 8 c +t +t - (t +t ) - <t +t < - < t t < + +c ( ) +t + ( ) +t + [ - (t +t )] (t + t ) + t + t t 0 + +c c x i R + (i ΔABC ABC ) x i x i c ABC 0 ABC AC 8 No8Vol JOURNALOF NEIJIANG NORMAL UNIVERSITY * * ( 6499) : ; ; ; ; ; : ; ; DOI:060/jcki-6/z0808006 :G647 :A :67-78(08)08-00-09 0 [4] [] [6] [7] ( ) ( [8] ) [9] [] : [] [] :08-06- : (ZG0464) (ZY600) 06

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

#&' ()* #+#, 2 )' #$+34 4 )!' 35+,6 5! *,#+#26 37)*! #2#+#42 %8')* #44+#%$,)88) 9 #,6+-55 $)8) -53+2#5 #6) :&' 2#3+23- ##) :* 232+464 #-) ''7 465+436

#&' ()* #+#, 2 )' #$+34 4 )!' 35+,6 5! *,#+#26 37)*! #2#+#42 %8')* #44+#%$,)88) 9 #,6+-55 $)8) -53+2#5 #6) :&' 2#3+23- ##) :* 232+464 #-) ''7 465+436 ! "#$$% #& ()* #+#, -./0*1 2 ) #$+34 4 )! 35+,6 5! *,#+#26 37)*! #2#+#42 %8)* #44+#%$,)88) 9 #,6+-55 $)8) -53+2#5 #6) :& 2#3+23- ##) :* 232+464 #-) 7 465+436 .* &0* 0!*07 ;< =! ))* *0*>!! #6&? @ 8 (? +

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Synthesis of Imines from Amines in Aliphatic Alcohols on Pd/ZrO 2 Catalyst at Ambient Conditions

Synthesis of Imines from Amines in Aliphatic Alcohols on Pd/ZrO 2 Catalyst at Ambient Conditions This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 213 Synthesis of Imines from Amines in Aliphatic Alcohols on Pd/ZrO 2 Catalyst at Ambient Conditions Wenjing Cui, a Bao Zhaorigetu,* a Meilin Jia, a and Wulan

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION. Fully Automated Total Metals and Chromium Speciation Single Platform Introduction System for ICP-MS

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION. Fully Automated Total Metals and Chromium Speciation Single Platform Introduction System for ICP-MS Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION Fully Automated Total Metals and Chromium

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

'( )*(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( +

'( )*(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( + ! " # $ %&&' '( )*(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( + %( ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((('& %('(,,

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Ανταλλακτικά για Laptop Lenovo

Ανταλλακτικά για Laptop Lenovo Ανταλλακτικά για Laptop Lenovo Ημερομηνία έκδοσης καταλόγου: 6/11/2011 Κωδικός Προϊόντος Είδος Ανταλλακτικού Μάρκα Μοντέλο F000000884 Inverter Lenovo 3000 C200 F000000885 Inverter Lenovo 3000 N100 (0689-

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!!" #7 $39 %" (07) ..,..,.. $ 39. ) :. :, «(», «%», «%», «%» «%». & ,. ). & :..,. '.. ( () #*. );..,..'. + (# ).

!! #7 $39 % (07) ..,..,.. $ 39. ) :. :, «(», «%», «%», «%» «%». & ,. ). & :..,. '.. ( () #*. );..,..'. + (# ). 1 00 3 !!" 344#7 $39 %" 6181001 63(07) & : ' ( () #* ); ' + (# ) $ 39 ) : : 00 %" 6181001 63(07)!!" 344#7 «(» «%» «%» «%» «%» & ) 4 )&-%/0 +- «)» * «1» «1» «)» ) «(» «%» «%» + ) 30 «%» «%» )1+ / + : +3

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

SIEMENS Squirrel Cage Induction Standard Three-phase Motors

SIEMENS Squirrel Cage Induction Standard Three-phase Motors - SIEMENS Squirrel Cage Induction Standard Three-phase Motors 2 pole 3000 rpm 50Hz Rated current Power Efficiency Rated Ratio Noise Output Frame Speed Weight 3V 400V 415V factor Class 0%Load 75%Load torque

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

&,'-- #-" > #'$,"/'3&)##3!0'0#!0#/# 0'0';&'"$8 ''#"&$'!&0-##-""#;-# B

&,'-- #- > #'$,/'3&)##3!0'0#!0#/# 0'0';&'$8 ''#&$'!&0-##-#;-# B !"#"# $%"&$' ('#')#''$# * +,-""&$'.-,-"#!&"!##/'#')#''$# ** '$#/0'!0#'&!0"#"/#0"## * 1--'/''00#&'232232223#24 *5 ##-'"-&1-$6'#76#!$#0"$8&9-1$" * '$#&$'!&&1:"-#;6"/'-#

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Cable Systems - Postive/Negative Seq Impedance

Cable Systems - Postive/Negative Seq Impedance Cable Systems - Postive/Negative Seq Impedance Nomenclature: GMD GMR - geometrical mead distance between conductors; depends on construction of the T-line or cable feeder - geometric mean raduius of conductor

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Το άτομο του Υδρογόνου

Το άτομο του Υδρογόνου Το άτομο του Υδρογόνου Δυναμικό Coulomb Εξίσωση Schrödinger h e (, r, ) (, r, ) E (, r, ) m ψ θφ r ψ θφ = ψ θφ Συνθήκες ψ(, r θφ, ) = πεπερασμένη ψ( r ) = 0 ψ(, r θφ, ) =ψ(, r θφ+, ) π Επιτρεπτές ενέργειες

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Supplementary Table 1. Primers used for RT-qPCR analysis of striatal and nigral tissue.

Supplementary Table 1. Primers used for RT-qPCR analysis of striatal and nigral tissue. Supplementary Table 1. Primers used for RT-qPCR analysis of striatal and nigral tissue. Gene Forward Primer (5-3 ) Reverse Primer (5-3 ) Dopaminergic Markers TH CTG GCC ATT GAT GTA CTG GA ACA CAC ATG GGA

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

ΓΗ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΜΠΑΝ. Εικόνα 1. Φωτογραφία του γαλαξία μας (από αρχείο της NASA)

ΓΗ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΜΠΑΝ. Εικόνα 1. Φωτογραφία του γαλαξία μας (από αρχείο της NASA) ΓΗ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΜΠΑΝ Φύση του σύμπαντος Η γη είναι μία μονάδα μέσα στο ηλιακό μας σύστημα, το οποίο αποτελείται από τον ήλιο, τους πλανήτες μαζί με τους δορυφόρους τους, τους κομήτες, τα αστεροειδή και τους μετεωρίτες.

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

K K 1 2 1 K M N M(2 N 1) K K K K K f f(x 1, x 2,..., x K ) = K f xk (x k ), x 1, x 2,..., x K K K K f Yk (y k x 1, x 2,..., x k ) k=1 M i, i = 1, 2 Xi n n Yi n Xn 1 Xn 2 ˆM i P (n) e = {( ˆM 1, ˆM2 )

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

A Compilation of Iraqi Constitutions And Comparative Studies of International Human Rights Standards

A Compilation of Iraqi Constitutions And Comparative Studies of International Human Rights Standards A Compilation of Iraqi Constitutions And Comparative Studies of International Human Rights Standards Table of Contents Introduction (Arabic)... 1 Introduction (English)...396 Part One: Texts of the Constitutions

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

OncoNext Liquid Monitor & Scan 15 γονίδια

OncoNext Liquid Monitor & Scan 15 γονίδια Γονίδια AKT1 BRAF EGFR ERBB2 FOXL2 GNA11 GNAQ KIT KRAS MET NRAS Γονίδια που αναλύονται και η συσχέτισή τους με διαφορετικούς τύπους καρκίνου. Μαστού, Πνεύμονα, Ορθοκολικός* Τύποι καρκίνου Μελάνωμα*, Ορθοκολικός

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Đường tròn : cung dây tiếp tuyến (V1) Đường tròn cung dây tiếp tuyến. Giải.

Đường tròn : cung dây tiếp tuyến (V1) Đường tròn cung dây tiếp tuyến. Giải. Đường tròn cung dây tiếp tuyến BÀI 1 : Cho tam giác ABC. Đường tròn có đường kính BC cắt cạnh AB, AC lần lượt tại E, D. BD và CE cắt nhau tại H. chứng minh : 1. AH vuông góc BC (tại F thuộc BC). 2. FA.FH

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

# $" $ %&&'( ) " %**( " $ ' * %'*('+, '" $ ' " - &&'

# $ $ %&&'( )  %**(  $ ' * %'*('+, ' $ '  - &&' ! # %&&'( ) %**( ' * %'*(', ' -., ' - &&' & & / 0 / 12*34.5216781 0 // )18*9&7*:4 0 /0 2;!2*)*481'529*1' 0 0 1

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGY. Leaded Discs N.03 N.06 N.09

APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGY. Leaded Discs N.03 N.06 N.09 NC Disc hermistors ND 03/06/09 NE 03/06/09 NV 06/09 APPLICAIONS ND or NE: Commerical, Industrial and Automotive Applications AEC-Q200 Qualified NV: Professional Applicationsl Alarm and temperature measurement

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

! " #$ (!$ )* ' & )* # & # & ' +, #

!  #$ (!$ )* ' & )* # & # & ' +, # ! " #$ %%%$&$' %$($% (!$ )* ' & )* # & # & ' +, # $ $!,$$ ' " (!!-!.$-/001 # #2 )!$!$34!$ )$5%$)3' ) 3/001 6$ 3&$ '(5.07808.98: 23*+$3;'$3;',;.8/ *' * $

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

k k ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 1 G = (V, E) V E V V V G E G e = {v, u} E v u e v u G G V (G) E(G) n(g) = V (G) m(g) = E(G) G S V (G) S G N G (S) = {u V (G)\S v S : {v, u} E(G)} G v S v V (G) N G (v) = N G ({v}) x V (G)

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!"#$ %&'()' " * " +,

!#$ %&'()'  *  +, "$ %&'()' " * " +, *,-*./+/0 1,*"23*,* " $%& ' ( ' & ) *+* +, -.. / 0. 1,$ $ 1 ' - 2 3. & ' * 2 +. % %% $, 4.5 $ 1. %,, 6 1 362' $ ' ) ) 1 )7 8359 5 &5 172 $ :. ;' < ( - %. /.& 4.5% / '' 2" 4,= 1)>?@>

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

p D (1/(1 q)) = p/p 2 = 1/p

p D (1/(1 q)) = p/p 2 = 1/p ! " #$% & %' () *++, -./0123 2/1456726 8/9:3;. /05< 2/=3 /0 543 93053;

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

M p f(p, q) = (p + q) O(1)

M p f(p, q) = (p + q) O(1) l k M = E, I S = {S,..., S t } E S i = p i {,..., t} S S q S Y E q X S X Y = X Y I X S X Y = X Y I S q S q q p+q p q S q p i O q S pq p i O S 2 p q q p+q p q p+q p fp, q AM S O fp, q p + q p p+q p AM

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Ι Ε Θ Ν Ε Σ Ρ Ο Τ Α Ρ Υ Π Ε Ρ Ι Φ Ε Ρ Ε Ι Α 2 4 8 4

Ι Ε Θ Ν Ε Σ Ρ Ο Τ Α Ρ Υ Π Ε Ρ Ι Φ Ε Ρ Ε Ι Α 2 4 8 4 Ι Ε Θ Ν Ε Σ Ρ Ο Τ Α Ρ Υ Π Ε Ρ Ι Φ Ε Ρ Ε Ι Α 2 4 8 4 Ε Π Ι Σ Τ Ο Λ Η Δ Ι Ο Ι Κ Η Τ Η Α Υ Γ Ο Υ Σ Τ Ο Σ Μ η ν ι α ί α Ε π ι σ τ ο λ ή ι ο ι κ η τ ή 1 Π ε ρ ι ε χ ό μ ε ν α Σ ε λ ί δ ε ς Τ ο μ ή ν υ μ α τ

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

"#$%%!&' ( *+,%%- !%!%!*&."$%%/-0! !%!%4!*&."$((,%/ !%!%(!*&."$,1,$,%/,!%!%"!*&."$"%%%%!!%!%$!*&."$"(,/$!!%!%2!*&."$",%%%/%0 !%!%!*&.

#$%%!&' ( *+,%%- !%!%!*&.$%%/-0! !%!%4!*&.$((,%/ !%!%(!*&.$,1,$,%/,!%!%!*&.$%%%%!!%!%$!*&.$(,/$!!%!%2!*&.$,%%%/%0 !%!%!*&. "#$%% &' ( )* *+,%%- %%*&."$%%/-0 %%,*&."$((,%%%/ %%(*&."$,1,$,%/, %%"*&."$"%%%% %%$*&."$"(,/$ %%1*&."$"(%%%/23 %%2*&."$",%%%/%0 %%4*&."$((,%/ %%-*&."$"",%%/4 %%*&."$(%%%/% 56)7)89)7:;8

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

(a b) c = a (b c) e a e = e a = a. a a 1 = a 1 a = e. m+n

(a b) c = a (b c) e a e = e a = a. a a 1 = a 1 a = e. m+n Z 6 D 3 G = {a, b, c,... } G a, b G a b = c c (a b) c = a (b c) e a e = e a = a a a 1 = a 1 a = e Q = {0, ±1, ±2,..., ±n,... } m, n m+n m + 0 = m m + ( m) = 0 Z N = {a n }, n = 1, 2... N N Z N = {1, ω,

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

... * +, . >1 " W1 X &=:C.1 3.% 2 *! > 8. $( >1 $.: " G YJ ZC1 G! 1.

... * +, . >1  W1 X &=:C.1 3.% 2 *! > 8. $( >1 $.:  G YJ ZC1 G! 1. 1... #) %# "#$%& '%(! 3 2 1 ()*+, &! # $% &!" 5 6!7 8 9 4 2 3 /$01 &,. 2 =! > 8 3.%

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

! "# " #!$ &'( )'&* $ ##!$2 $ $$ 829 #-#-$&2 %( $8&2(9 #."/-0"$23#(&&#

! #  #!$ &'( )'&* $ ##!$2 $ $$ 829 #-#-$&2 %( $8&2(9 #./-0$23#(&&# ! "# " #!$ %""! &'( )'&* $!"#$% &$'#( )*+#'(,#* /$##+(#0 &1$( #& 23 #(&&# +, -. % ($4 ($4 ##!$2 $567 56 $$ 829 #-#-$&2 %( $8&2(9 #."/-0"$23#(&&# 6 < 6 6 6 66 6< <

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!"# '1,2-0- +,$%& &-

!# '1,2-0- +,$%& &- "#.)/-0- '1,2-0- "# $%& &'()* +,$%& &- 3 4 $%&'()*+$,&%$ -. /..-. " 44 3$*)-),-0-5 4 /&30&2&" 4 4 -&" 4 /-&" 4 6 710& 4 5 *& 4 # 1*&.. #"0 4 80*-9 44 0&-)* %&9 4 %&0-:10* &1 0)%&0-4 4.)-0)%&0-44 )-0)%&0-4#

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?f=109&t=15584

http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?f=109&t=15584 Επιμέλεια: xr.tsif Σελίδα 1 ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΟΜΕΝΕΣ ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ ΓΙΑ ΜΑΘΗΤΙΚΟΥΣ ΔΙΑΓΩΝΙΣΜΟΥΣ ΕΚΦΩΝΗΣΕΙΣ ΤΕΥΧΟΣ 5ο ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ 401-500 Αφιερωμένο σε κάθε μαθητή που ασχολείται ή πρόκειται να ασχοληθεί με Μαθηματικούς διαγωνισμούς

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

J! "#$ %"& ( ) ) ) " *+, -./0-, *- /! /!+12, ,. 6 /72-, 0,,3-8 / ',913-51:-*/;+ 5/<3/ +15;+ 5/<3=9 -!.1!-9 +17/> ) ) &

J! #$ %& ( ) ) )  *+, -./0-, *- /! /!+12, ,. 6 /72-, 0,,3-8 / ',913-51:-*/;+ 5/<3/ +15;+ 5/<3=9 -!.1!-9 +17/> ) ) & J! "#$ %"& J ' ( ) ) ) " *+, -./0-, L *- /! /!+12,3-4 % +15,. 6 /72-, 0,,3-8 / ',913-51:-*/;+ 5/01 ',913-51:--

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

E62 AC Series Features

E62 AC Series Features E62 AC Features Perfect for non-sinusoidal s and pulsed s. Housed in a hermetically sealed aluminum can which is filled with environmentally friendly plant oil as standard. The integrated overpressure

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

OILGEAR TAIFENG. (ml/rev) (bar) (bar) (L/min) (rpm) (kw)

OILGEAR TAIFENG. (ml/rev) (bar) (bar) (L/min) (rpm) (kw) PVWW!"#$ PVWW!"#$%&'()*+!"#$% 12!"#$%&'()*!!"#$%&'(!"#$!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%!!"#!$%&'()*+!"#$%!"!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!"#!"#$%!" SE!"!"#$%&'!"#!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!"#$!"#$!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!"#$%&!"#$%&'!"!"#$%&!"#$%&!"!"#$%!"#$%!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'!!"#!"#!"#$%&!"#$%&'(

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Νόµοςπεριοδικότητας του Moseley:Η χηµική συµπεριφορά (οι ιδιότητες) των στοιχείων είναι περιοδική συνάρτηση του ατοµικού τους αριθµού.

Νόµοςπεριοδικότητας του Moseley:Η χηµική συµπεριφορά (οι ιδιότητες) των στοιχείων είναι περιοδική συνάρτηση του ατοµικού τους αριθµού. Νόµοςπεριοδικότητας του Moseley:Η χηµική συµπεριφορά (οι ιδιότητες) των στοιχείων είναι περιοδική συνάρτηση του ατοµικού τους αριθµού. Περιοδικός πίνακας: α. Είναι µια ταξινόµηση των στοιχείων κατά αύξοντα

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!"#$ "%&$ ##%&%'()) *..$ /. 0-1$ )$.'-

!#$ %&$ ##%&%'()) *..$ /. 0-1$ )$.'- !!" !"# "%& ##%&%',-... /. -1.'- -13-',,'- '-...4 %. -5"'-1.... /..'-1.....-"..'-1.. 78::8

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Mandelamide-Zinc Catalyzed Alkyne Addition to Heteroaromatic Aldehydes

Mandelamide-Zinc Catalyzed Alkyne Addition to Heteroaromatic Aldehydes 1 Mandelamide-Zinc Catalyzed Alkyne Addition to Heteroaromatic Aldehydes Gonzalo Blay, Isabel Fernández, Alícia Marco-Aleixandre, and José R. Pedro Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química,

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

March 14, ( ) March 14, / 52

March 14, ( ) March 14, / 52 March 14, 2008 ( ) March 14, 2008 1 / 52 ( ) March 14, 2008 2 / 52 1 2 3 4 5 ( ) March 14, 2008 3 / 52 I 1 m, n, F m n a ij, i = 1,, m; j = 1,, n m n F m n A = a 11 a 12 a 1n a 21 a 22 a 2n a m1 a m2 a

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!"#$%& %'$ %'(&)$*+,$'%& ('#!($*+-.$& '"-#/#!" #$%&'()'&"*!" +,-"!-"#)!" &.% -'/"!&01,!+&"*.%,*+!)+.%

!#$%& %'$ %'(&)$*+,$'%& ('#!($*+-.$& '-#/#! #$%&'()'&*! +,-!-#)! &.% -'/!&01,!+&*.%,*+!)+.% !"#$%& %'$ %'(&)$*+,$'%& ('#!($*+-.$& '"-#/# #.&.(.!. +µ0µ1 #2µ3405!" #$%&'()'&"*!" +,-"!-"#)!" &.% -'/"!&01,!+&"*.%,*+!)+.%.678µ1 : '92µ346 413 %23:;:346 )34134;: %178?8905: ':=@A15 )8µ89@BC2DE25

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

# " $! % $ " & "! # '' '!" ' ' ( &! )!! ' ( *+ & '

#  $! % $  & ! # '' '! ' ' ( &! )!! ' ( *+ & ' " # " $ % $ " & " # '' '" ' ' ( & ) ' ( *+ & ' "#$% &% '($&)$'%$ *($+,& #,-%($%./*, -./ "' ' + -0,$1./ 2 34 2 51 2 6.77.8. 9:7 ; 9:.? 9 9@7 9:> 9@>.77 9 9=< 9@>./= 9:=.7: 9=@.7@ 9::.87./>./7

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

DC BOOKS. H-ml-c-n-s-b- -p-d-n- -v A-d-n-b-p-w-a-p-¼-v

DC BOOKS. H-ml-c-n-s-b- -p-d-n- -v A-d-n-b-p-w-a-p-¼-v BÀ. tdmj³ Xn-cp-h-\- -]p-cw kz-tz-in. 2004 ap-xâ [-\-Im-cy ]-{X-{]-hÀ- -\cw-k v. XpS- w Zo-]n-I- Zn-\- -{X- nâ. C-t mä am-xr-`q-an Zn-\- -{X- n-sâ {]-Xnhmc _n-kn\-kv t]pm-b "[-\-Im-cy-' n-sâbpw ssz-\w-zn-\

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Estimation of grain boundary segregation enthalpy and its role in stable nanocrystalline alloy design

Estimation of grain boundary segregation enthalpy and its role in stable nanocrystalline alloy design Supplemental Material for Estimation of grain boundary segregation enthalpy and its role in stable nanocrystalline alloy design By H. A. Murdoch and C.A. Schuh Miedema model RKM model ΔH mix ΔH seg ΔH

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Τδξάζβεζηνο θαηάιιειε γηα επεκβάζεηο ζε κνξθή πνιηνχ ή ζθφλεο; πγθξηηηθή παξνπζίαζε θπζηθψλ, ρεκηθψλ θαη κεραληθψλ ηδηνηήησλ

Τδξάζβεζηνο θαηάιιειε γηα επεκβάζεηο ζε κνξθή πνιηνχ ή ζθφλεο; πγθξηηηθή παξνπζίαζε θπζηθψλ, ρεκηθψλ θαη κεραληθψλ ηδηνηήησλ Τδξάζβεζηνο θαηάιιειε γηα επεκβάζεηο ζε κνξθή πνιηνχ ή ζθφλεο; πγθξηηηθή παξνπζίαζε θπζηθψλ, ρεκηθψλ θαη κεραληθψλ ηδηνηήησλ Γεσξγία Εαραξνπνχινπ Πνιηηηθόο Μεραληθόο Γξ, Μ.Α., ΤΠΠΟΣ 1. ΠΔΡΗΛΖΦΖ Πξφζθαηεο

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

IGCSE Higher Sheet H a-1 Formulae - Answers

IGCSE Higher Sheet H a-1 Formulae - Answers Fo use onl in Whigif School IGCSE Highe Shee H-1-0-1 Fomule - Answes = c x s = V + u = (d) x = D = s (f ) p = q u = v (h) R = π Fo use onl in Whigif School Shee H- -0- Fomule-wice - Answes d x = x = m

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

ΠΕΡΙΟΔΙΚΟΣ ΠΙΝΑΚΑΣ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΩΝ

ΠΕΡΙΟΔΙΚΟΣ ΠΙΝΑΚΑΣ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΩΝ ΠΕΡΙΟΔΙΚΟΣ ΠΙΝΑΚΑΣ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΩΝ Περίοδοι περιοδικού πίνακα Ο περιοδικός πίνακας αποτελείται από 7 περιόδους. Ο αριθμός των στοιχείων που περιλαμβάνει κάθε περίοδος δεν είναι σταθερός, δηλ. η περιοδικότητα

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Electronic Supplementary Information

Electronic Supplementary Information Electronic Supplementary Information The preferred all-gauche conformations in 3-fluoro-1,2-propanediol Laize A. F. Andrade, a Josué M. Silla, a Claudimar J. Duarte, b Roberto Rittner, b Matheus P. Freitas*,a

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

SWOT 1. Analysis and Planning for Cross-border Co-operation in Central European Countries. ISIGInstitute of. International Sociology Gorizia

SWOT 1. Analysis and Planning for Cross-border Co-operation in Central European Countries. ISIGInstitute of. International Sociology Gorizia SWOT 1 Analysis and Planning for Cross-border Co-operation in Central European Countries ISIGInstitute of International Sociology Gorizia ! " # $ % ' ( )!$*! " "! "+ +, $,,-,,.-./,, -.0",#,, 12$,,- %

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

a; b 2 R; a < b; f : [a; b] R! R y 2 R: y : [a; b]! R; ( y (t) = f t; y(t) ; a t b; y(a) = y : f (t; y) 2 [a; b]r: f 2 C ([a; b]r): y 2 C [a; b]; y(a) = y ; f y ỹ ỹ y ; jy ỹ j ky ỹk [a; b]; f y; ( y (t)

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

E62-TAB AC Series Features

E62-TAB AC Series Features NEW! E62-TAB AC Series Features Perfect for non-sinusoidal voltages and pulsed s. Housed in a hermetically sealed aluminum can which is filled with environmentally friendly plant oil as standard. The integrated

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Conjoint. The Problems of Price Attribute by Conjoint Analysis. Akihiko SHIMAZAKI * Nobuyuki OTAKE

Conjoint. The Problems of Price Attribute by Conjoint Analysis. Akihiko SHIMAZAKI * Nobuyuki OTAKE Conjoint Conjoint The Problems of Price Attribute by Conjoint Analysis Akihiko SHIMAZAKI * Nobuyuki OTAKE +, Conjoint - Conjoint. / 0 PSM Price Sensitivity Measurement Conjoint 1 2 + Conjoint Luce and

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΙΓΑΙΟΥ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΠΟΥ ΩΝ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΟ ΙΠΛΩΜΑ ΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΣΕΩΝ ΜΕ. Ι..Ε.

ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΙΓΑΙΟΥ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΠΟΥ ΩΝ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΟ ΙΠΛΩΜΑ ΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΣΕΩΝ ΜΕ. Ι..Ε. ΑΣΚΗΣΗ 1 ΟΜΑ Α 2 Στην ακόλουθη άσκηση σας δίνονται τα έξοδα ανά µαθητή και οι ετήσιοι µισθοί (κατά µέσο όρο) των δασκάλων για 51 πολιτείες της Αµερικής. Τα δεδοµένα είναι για τη χρονιά 1985. Οι µεταβλητές

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

..., ISBN: :.!". # -. $, %, 1983 &"$ $ $. $, %, 1988 $ $. ## -. $, ', 1989 (( ). '. ') "!$!. $, %, 1991 $ 1. * $. $,.. +, 2001 $ 2. $. $,, 1992 # $!

..., ISBN: :.!. # -. $, %, 1983 &$ $ $. $, %, 1988 $ $. ## -. $, ', 1989 (( ). '. ') !$!. $, %, 1991 $ 1. * $. $,.. +, 2001 $ 2. $. $,, 1992 # $! !! " 007 : ISBN: # $! % :!" # - $ % 983 &"$ $ $ $ % 988 $ $ ## - $ ' 989 (( ) ' ') "!$! $ % 99 $ * $ $ + 00 $ $ $ 99!! " 007 -!" % $ 006 ---- $ 87 $ (( %( %(! $!$!" -!" $ $ %( * ( *!$ "!"!* "$!$ (!$! "

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

ΝΟΜΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΕΡΙΟ ΙΚΟΤΗΤΑΣ : Οι ιδιότητες των χηµικών στοιχείων είναι περιοδική συνάρτηση του ατοµικού τους αριθµού.

ΝΟΜΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΕΡΙΟ ΙΚΟΤΗΤΑΣ : Οι ιδιότητες των χηµικών στοιχείων είναι περιοδική συνάρτηση του ατοµικού τους αριθµού. 1. Ο ΠΕΡΙΟ ΙΚΟΣ ΠΙΝΑΚΑΣ Οι άνθρωποι από την φύση τους θέλουν να πετυχαίνουν σπουδαία αποτελέσµατα καταναλώνοντας το λιγότερο δυνατό κόπο και χρόνο. Για το σκοπό αυτό προσπαθούν να οµαδοποιούν τα πράγµατα

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!""#$%!& '% ("#% )'*+, &,!" &, ' %!'"!" &"#"-(5-1-,!&

!#$%!& '% (#% )'*+, &,! &, ' %!'! &#-(5-1-,!& !""#$%!& '% ("#% )'*+, "!,'--"!!./%&-'012'& "-')'3"4',"'""-,, &,!" &, 3. - 5 1 ' %!'"!" &"#"-(5-1-,!&,'--1'#". -'!! "--''!,. 3,"'%'%,,-" '4!, 5 #" "!, '%& " 3--& " 4'%! "#!6,%3 "#!3 ",%3 2,-! "#13 '& "#%-,&"#-"-,"-!3&-',,3"

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Supplementary materials. Mode Analysis. Matthias M. N. Wolf, Christian Schumann, Ruth Groß, Tatiana Domratcheva 1 and Rolf. Diller

Supplementary materials. Mode Analysis. Matthias M. N. Wolf, Christian Schumann, Ruth Groß, Tatiana Domratcheva 1 and Rolf. Diller Supplementary materials Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy of Riboflavin: Dynamics, Electronic Structure, and Vibrational Mode Analysis Matthias M. N. Wolf, Christian Schumann, Ruth Groß, Tatiana Domratcheva

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

CMOS Technology for Computer Architects

CMOS Technology for Computer Architects CMOS Technology for Computer Architects Iakovos Mavroidis Giorgos Passas Manolis Katevenis Lecture 13: On chip SRAM Technology FORTH ICS / EURECCA & UoC GREECE ABC A A E F A BCDAECF A AB C DE ABCDAECF

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Schedulability Analysis Algorithm for Timing Constraint Workflow Models

Schedulability Analysis Algorithm for Timing Constraint Workflow Models CIMS Vol.8No.72002pp.527-532 ( 100084) Petri Petri F270.7 A Schedulability Analysis Algorithm for Timing Constraint Workflow Models Li Huifang and Fan Yushun (Department of Automation, Tsinghua University,

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Metal-free Oxidative Coupling of Amines with Sodium Sulfinates: A Mild Access to Sulfonamides

Metal-free Oxidative Coupling of Amines with Sodium Sulfinates: A Mild Access to Sulfonamides Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting information for Metal-free Oxidative Coupling of Amines with Sodium Sulfinates:

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

!"###$ "%&' ()() ($"& *)!""+"$"& #)*!"%",""*) # "*) #&-*&*$-# *&(&."# *)/0.1 *!(-%"$2 -*&*$-#%- *&&%"#"-!*&#* $ # "3#*,$&-*&*$-#

!###$ %&' ()() ($& *)!+$& #)*!%,*) # *) #&-*&*$-# *&(&.# *)/0.1 *!(-%$2 -*&*$-#%- *&&%#-!*&#* $ # 3#*,$&-*&*$-# !"###$ "%&' ()() ($"& *)!""+"$"& #)*!"%",""*) # "*) #&-*&*$-# *&(&."# *)/0.1 *!(-%"$2 -*&*$-#%- *&&%"#"-!*&#* $ # "3#*,$&-*&*$-# 4556 ''*."% 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 #8. (&9%,*.#:"%*)!"

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Carolina Bernal, Frédéric Christophoul, Jean-Claude Soula, José Darrozes, Luc Bourrel, Alain Laraque, José Burgos, Séverine Bès de Berc, Patrice Baby

Carolina Bernal, Frédéric Christophoul, Jean-Claude Soula, José Darrozes, Luc Bourrel, Alain Laraque, José Burgos, Séverine Bès de Berc, Patrice Baby Gradual diversions of the Rio Pastaza in the Ecuadorian piedmont of the Andes from 1906 to 2008: role of tectonics, alluvial fan aggradation and ENSO events Carolina Bernal, Frédéric Christophoul, Jean-Claude

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

J. Dairy Sci. 93: doi: /jds American Dairy Science Association, 2010.

J. Dairy Sci. 93: doi: /jds American Dairy Science Association, 2010. Supplementary Table 1. Primers and PCR conditions used for the amplification of the goat SCD1 cdna (PCR1 to PCR6) and three SCD1 polymorphic regions (PCR7 to PCR9) PCR Primers Sequence Position 1 Thermal

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

ΗΛΙΑΣΚΟΣ ΦΡΟΝΤΙΣΤΗΡΙΑ. Θετικής - Τεχνολογικής Κατεύθυνσης Μαθηματικά Γ Λυκείου Ολοκληρώματα ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΕΣ ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑΣ ΥΨΗΛΟΥ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΟΥ ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ ΗΛΙΑΣΚΟΣ

ΗΛΙΑΣΚΟΣ ΦΡΟΝΤΙΣΤΗΡΙΑ. Θετικής - Τεχνολογικής Κατεύθυνσης Μαθηματικά Γ Λυκείου Ολοκληρώματα ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΕΣ ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑΣ ΥΨΗΛΟΥ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΟΥ ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ ΗΛΙΑΣΚΟΣ ΗΛΙΑΣΚΟΣ ΦΡΟΝΤΙΣΤΗΡΙΑ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΕΣ ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑΣ ΥΨΗΛΟΥ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΟΥ Θετικής - Τεχνολογικής Κατεύθυνσης Μαθηματικά Γ Λυκείου Ολοκληρώματα ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ ΗΛΙΑΣΚΟΣ e-mil: info@iliskos.gr www.iliskos.gr Fl] = f]! D G] = F]

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Appendix B Table of Radionuclides Γ Container 1 Posting Level cm per (mci) mci

Appendix B Table of Radionuclides Γ Container 1 Posting Level cm per (mci) mci 3 H 12.35 Y β Low 80 1 - - Betas: 19 (100%) 11 C 20.38 M β+, EC Low 400 1 5.97 13.7 13 N 9.97 M β+ Low 1 5.97 13.7 Positrons: 960 (99.7%) Gaas: 511 (199.5%) Positrons: 1,199 (99.8%) Gaas: 511 (199.6%)

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Heterobimetallic Pd-Sn Catalysis: Michael Addition. Reaction with C-, N-, O-, S- Nucleophiles and In-situ. Diagnostics

Heterobimetallic Pd-Sn Catalysis: Michael Addition. Reaction with C-, N-, O-, S- Nucleophiles and In-situ. Diagnostics Supporting Information (SI) Heterobimetallic Pd-Sn Catalysis: Michael Addition Reaction with C-, N-, -, S- Nucleophiles and In-situ Diagnostics Debjit Das, a Sanjay Pratihar a,b and Sujit Roy c * a rganometallics

Διαβάστε περισσότερα