ti{μ k - m-cn-s A-gn-a-Xn-bp-sS B-gw hy- -am- p p

Transcript

1 tkmjy-enãv bqwn n sk Hm^v C y (I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv) kwÿm\ IΩn n apj-]{xw 2018 \hw_ hmeyw 45 e w 7 No^v FUn- : kn. si. eqt mkv t]pv 16 hne 5.00 cq] d-t^ hnam\ C-S-]m-Sv ti{μ k - m-cn-s A-gn-a-Xn-bp-sS B-gw hy- -am- p p -d-t^ hnam-\ C-S-]m-Sn-eqsS cmpy-sø sr- n- a-s m-cp A-gn-a- Xn-Iq-Sn ]p-d-øp-h- n-cn- p p. tim-sn-iƒ a-dn-bp- {]Xn-tcm-[- cwk-sø C-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ K-h -sa p-iƒ am-dp-tºmgpw A-\-pkyqXw Xp-S-cp-I-bmWv {^m -kn h- v, C- y {]-[m-\-a-{ n \-tc-{μ-tam-zn-bpw {^- v {]-kn-u v Hm-fm-tμ-bpw X-Ωn A-S- n- ap-dn-bn \-S-Øn-b Iq-Sn- m-gv- - p ti-j-am-wv C-S-]m-Sv cq-]- s - -Xv F- m-wv am-[y-a-߃ dn-t m - v sn-bv-x-xv. A- v {^m kn-te- p- {]-[m-\-a-{ n-bp-ss bm-{x-bn {]-Xn-tcm-[-a-{ n-tbm hn-tz-i-im-cy-a-{ n-tbm A-t±-l-sØ A-\p-K-an- p-i-bp- m-bn-. A-\n Aw-_m-\n am-{x-am-wv Iq-sS-bp- m-bn-cp- -Xv. Im-e- -g- -ta-dp- d-jy- -\n -an-x bp- -hn-am-\-ß-sf am- n ]p-xn-b-h hm-ß-ww F- B-h-iy-sØ ap -\n -Øn, hym-]-i-am-b B-tKm-f Xn-c- nep-iƒ- pw ]-cn-tim-[-\-iƒ- pw ti-jw, 2012 C- y hm-bp-tk-\ {^m -kn-se Z- t mƒ- n-s C-c- F- n d- t^ hn-am-\-hpw bq-tdm-ss^- sss-^q-wpw Dƒ-s -Sp- A- n-a ]- n-i- p cq-]w \ - In. Xp-S - v A- -sø tim- -{K-kv t\-xr-xz-øn-ep- bp- ]n-f k - m, 126 bp- -hn-am- \-߃- p- ss -U ]p-ds -Sp-hn- p- p. G- -hpw Ip-d- hn-e ap-t m- p-sh- -Xn- \m {^m -kn-se Z-t mƒ- v G-hn-tb-j-\n \n- v, ]-d- m X-øm-dm-b A-h-ÿ-bnep- ]p-xn-b 18 hn-am-\-߃ t\-cn- p hm-ßm-\pw, ti-jn- p- 108 hn-am-\-߃ C- ybn, ln-μp-ÿm F-b-tdmt\m- n-iv-kv en-an- -Uv (F- v F F ) F- s]m-xp-ta-j-emÿm-]-\-øn \n -an- p-hm- \pw [m-c-w-bm-bn. F- m Cu [m-c-w, _n-sp-]n k - m A-[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn-btXm-sS D-t]- n- -s - p. 2015, X-s {^m -kv k-μ - i-\-th-f-bn, 36 d-t^ bp- -hn-am-\-߃ C- y- p-e-`n- p- Xo -Øpw ]p-xn-sbm-cp C-S-]m-Sv {]-[m-\-a-{ n \-tc-{μtam-zn {]-Jym-]n- p- p sk-]v- w-_-dn, C- y- -s{^- v k - m-cp-iƒ, C- v d- t^ C-S-]m-Sv F- v A-dn-bs -Sp-, H-cp k - m -X-e D- S-º-Sn-bn H- p sh- p- p. Cu D-S-º-Sn {]-Im-cw, D-t±-iw 7.8 i-x-tim-sn tum-f, A-Yhm tim-sn cq-]-bv- v 36 Z-t mƒ- v d-t^ C-c- F- n bp- -hn-am-\-߃ C- y hm-ßpw. D-S-º-Sn-bp-sS Hm-^vsk- v [m-c-w-{]-im-cw, B-sI hn - -\-aq-ey-øn-s 50 i-xam-\w Xp-I, A-Xm-b-Xv G-ItZ-iw tim-sn cq-], Z- t mƒ- v {]m-tz-in-i I-cm-dp- Iƒ h-gn C- y-bn \n-t - ]n- -Ww. hm-ßp- -h-cp-ss cm- Py-Øn G-sX- n-epw cq-]- Øn, I-cm Xp-I-bp-sS H-cp `m-kw \n-t -]n- m hn - - (tijw 5 mw t]pn ) alømb \hw-_ hn-π-h-øn-s 101 mw hm -jn-iw k-ap-nn-xw B-N-cn pi 1917 tkm-hn-b- v bq-wnb-\n A-[n-Im-c-Øn-te-dnb sxm-gn-em-fn-h - w A- zm- \n- p- a- v P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-fpam-bn-t - v ]p-xn-sbm-cp kw-kv -Ir-Xn ]-Sp-Øp-b -Øn. a-\p-jy a-\p-jy-\p-ta \- S-Øp- F- m-ø-cw Nq-j- W-hpw A-h A-h-km-\n- n- p. `u-xn-i-am-b D-ev-]m-Z-\- sø am-{x-a-, hn- m-\- sø-bpw im-kv-{x-sø-bpw I-e-sb-bp-sa- mw ap-x-em-fn- Ø Nq-j-W-Øn-s \o-cm-fn- n-sp-ø-øn -\n- v tam-nn- n- psim v a-\p-jy-s k - -ti-jn-sb si- -gn- p-hn- p. hn-π-h I -Ø-hy-t_m-[-ap-W -Øn-b kw-ÿm-\ k-tω-f-\w Pm -J-fin \-S- p- ]m - n-bp-ss aq- mw tim -{Kn-\v ap-t m-sn-bm-bn aq- mw kw-ÿm-\- k-tω-f-\w H-Iv-tSm- _ 12,13,14 Xo-b-Xn-I-fn Xriq-cn \-S- p-i-bp- m-bn. 11 Pn- -I-fn k-tω-f-\-hpw 2 Pn- -I-fn I -h -j-\pw hn-pb-i-c-am-bn ]q -Øn-bm- n-b-xn- \p-ti-j-am-wv ]m - n-sbm- msi kw-ÿm-\- k-tω-f-\-ønte-bv- v \o-ßn-b-xv. ]m - n-bpss h -Ø-am-\-Im-e-sØ kw- L-S-\m-]-c-am-b B-h-iy-I-X- Iƒ \n-d-th- p-i F- ap-jyam-b e- yw ap -\n -Øn-bm- Wv ti-{μ- -Ωn- n ]m - ntim -{K- pw A-Xn-\p-ap-t m- Sn-bm-bp- k-tω-f-\-ß-fpw hnfn- p-tn -Ø-Xv. H- w, tz-io-b- -km -Δ-tZ-io-b km-l-n-cysø kw-_- n- p- ]m - nbp-ss Xo-kn-kp-Iƒ G- -hpw s]m-xp-k-tω-f-\-øn-\v ap-t m-sn-bm-bn Xr-iq \-K-c-Øn \-S- {]-IS\w Im-en-I-am- n-s m- v k-º- am- p-i F- e- y-hpw k- tω-f-\-߃- p- v. Cu c- v e- y-ß-fpw G- -hpw hn-p-b- I-c-am-bn \n -Δ-ln- m F- m k-ω-f-\-߃- pw hn-in-jy, kw-ÿm-\- k-tω-f-\-øn-\v I- gn- p. k-tω-f-\w hn-p-bn- n- m hn-{i-a-c-ln-x-am-bn {]- b-xv-\n- \-Ωp-sS ]m - n k-jm- -fp-ss A- -S- -hpw k-a - - W-hpw Xr-iq \-K-c-Øn-sebpw Pn- -bn-se hy-xy-kv-x ta- J-e-I-fn-se-bpw ]m - n-bp-ss A-\p-`m-hn-I-fn-epw A-`yp-Z-b- Imw- n-i-fn-epw h-en-b B-Zc-hv D-W -Øp-I-bp- m-bn. hnπ-h-i-c-am-b A- -S- -hpw si- p-d- pw {]-Xn-^-en- n- p-sim- v H-Iv-tSm-_ 12\v Xr-iq \-K-c- Øn \-S-, \q-dp-i-w- n-\v k-jm- ƒ A-Wn-\n-c- {]-I- S-\w Xr-iq \-K-c-hm-kn-I-fn {]-Xo- D-W -Øn. Xr-iq-cn -h- v kw-ÿm-\ k-tω-f-\w \-S-Øm-sa- \n - t±-iw F- m k-jm- -fpw B- th-i-]q -Δ-am-Wv G-s -Sp-Ø-Xv. (tijw 2 mw t]pn )

2 2 bqwn n \hw_ 2018 CSXv P-\m-[n]-Xy k-a-c\n-c ]-Sp-Øp-b ØWw (1 mw t]pn \n v) X-øm-sd-Sp- p-iƒ- v a-xn-bm-b k-a-bw e-`n- m-\m-bn Xr-»q- Pn- m k-tω-f-\w G- -hpw B- Zyw \-S-Øn. A-Xn-\v ap -]mbn tz-io-b km -Δ-tZ-io-b kml-n-cy-ß-sf- p-dn- p- c- v tc-j-i-fp-ss ]T-\-Øn k- Jm- -tf-h-cpw hym-]r-x-cm-bn. Iq- m-b hm-b-\-bpw N - -I-fpw \-S-Øn-s m- v, Xo-kn-kp-I-fpsS D- -S- -sø- p-dn- v hn-i- Z-am-b [m-c-w cq-]o-i-cn- p-hm- \pw t`-z-k-xn \n -t±-i-߃ apt m- p-h-bv- p-hm-\pw \n-c-h-[n k-jm- ƒ- m-bn. tem- k-tω-f-\-߃ k-jm- -fp-ss sf-iy-øn-s -bpw N - -I-fneq-sS k-po-h-am-b {]-Xy-b-imkv-{X -k-a-c-øn-s -bpw {]-Imi-\-am-bn- am-dn. B-K-Ãv 8\v \- S- Pn- m k-tω-f-\-øn-\v tijw kw-ÿm-\ k-tω-f-\-øns {]m-cw-` {]-h -Ø-\-߃ Xp-S-ßm-\n-cn-s -bm-wv kwÿm-\-sø P-\-Po-hn-Xw Xmfw-sX- n- {]-f-b-ap- m-b-xv. c- m-{]-h -Ø-\-Øn-epw Zp-cn- Xm-izm-k {]-h -Ø-\-Øn-epw sa-un- Iym-ºp-I-fn-epw ]q -Æ-am-bn ap-gp-in-b ]m - n kw-l-s-\ H-cp am-kw I-gn- m-wv, k-tω-f-\ {]-h -Ø- \-Øn-te-bv- v Xn-cn- p-h- -Xv. {]-f-bm-\- -c km-l-n-cy-øns {]-txy-i-x-i-fpw _p- n-ap- p-i-fpw ]-cn-k-wn- v, I-gn-bp- - {X sn-e-hp-np-cp- n, {]-I-S-\- hpw s]m-xp-k-tω-f-\-hpw {]- Xn-\n-[n k-tω-f-\-hpw am-{x-ambn \-S-Øm Xo-cp-am-\n- p. hn- ]p-e-am-b \n-e-bn kw-l-sn- n- m e- y-an- n-cp- Imƒ am -Iv-kv P- -i-xm- n F-Iv-kn- _n-j-\pw sk-an-\m-dp-i-fpw H- gn-hm- m-\pw Xo-cp-am-\n- p. {]Xn-\n[n k-tω-f-\w ti-{μãm-^v Aw-Kw k-jmhv A-anXm-h Nm- -Pn D-Zm-LmS-\w sn-øp p {]-f-bw P-\-ß-sf A-º-c- n- p-i-bpw km-º-øn-i-am-bn X-I - p-i-bpw sn-bv-xn-cp- p. ]-t, \-Ωp-sS k-tω-f-\- sø cm-{ o-b Xm -]-cy-tømss-x-s kzo-i-cn- p-hm-\pw t{]m -km-l-\-ß-fpw kw-`m-h- \-bpw X-cm-\pw P-\-߃ X-ømdm-bn. \-Ωp-sS {]-Nm-c-W- Øn, P-\-Io-b k-a-c-cm-{ obw D-b - p-h-tc- -Xn-s A- Sn-b- -c B-h-iy-I-X ap-t m- p-h-bv- -s - p. {]-f-b km-l- N-cy-Øn, Pm-Xn- -a-x- -I- n- -cm-{ o-b t`-z-sa-s\y sxm-gnem-fn-i-fpw km-[m-c-w- m-cpw H- n- p-\n- -Xn-s cm-{ o-b- ]mtw hn-i-zo-i-cn- -s - p. tic-f-øn \-thm- m-\w kr- n- am-\-h sf-iy-øn-s A-Sn- Ø-d F-s - pw A-Xn-s Xp- S - P-\-Io-b k-a-c-ß-fn-eq-ss F-ßn-s\ km-[n- -W-sa- pw \-Ωƒ Nq- n- m- n. C-S-Xv- -P- \m-[n-]-xy hn-izm-kn-i-fn-epw {]-f-b-im-e-øv {]-hr-øn-bn-eqss a-\p-jy-kv-t\-lw sx-fn-bn- sn-dp- - m-c-s- w h-en-sbmcp hn-`m-kw P-\-ß-fn-epw \-ΩpsS {]-N-c-Ww N-e-\-ap- m- n. H-tŒm-_ 3 ap-x 6 h-sc Pn- -sb-ºm-sp-am-bn \-S- hm-l- \ {]-N-c-W Pm-Y-bn k-jm- ƒ Sn.sI.kp-[o -Ip-am, F- kv.cm-po-h, tpym-xn-ir-jv- W, ]n.f-kv._m-_p F- nh {]-kw-kn- p. s]m-xp-k-tω-f-\ Zn-h-kw H- tœm-_ 12\v ssh-in- v 3 a-wntbm-ss s]m-xp-k-tω-f-\-øn-\v ap-t m-sn-bm-bp- {]-I-S-\- Øn kv-{xo-i-fpw Ip- n-i-fpw hn-zym - n-i-fpw sxm-gn-em-fn-ifp-a-s- w \q-dp-i-w- n-\m-fp- Iƒ A-Wn-\n-c- p. {]-I-S-\- Øn-s G- -hpw ap -]n am - Iv-kv, Gw-K -kv, se-\n-, Ãmen, am-thm, in- m-kv-tlm-jv F- o B-Nm-cy- -am-cp-ss Iq- aq mw kwÿm-\ k-tωf\w s]m-xp-k-tωf-\w F-kvbpkn-sF(kn) ti-{μ-i-ωn- n-bw-kw k-jm-hv si.cm-[m-ir-jv-w D-Zv-LmS-\w sn-øp p. k-jm- ƒ B.Ip-am, hn.thwp-tkm-]m, P-bv-k tpm-k^v, A-anXm-h Nm- -Pn, kp-`m-jv-zm-kv Kp-]v-X, Sn.sI.kp-[o -Ip-am F- n-h ap -\n-c-bn Nn-{X-߃ ]n-sn- n-cp- p. tx- n -Im-Sv ssa-xm-\-øp-\n- v B-cw-`n- v B-th-i-I-c-am-b ap-{zm-hm-iy-߃ D-b -Øn \- K-cw Np- n-b {]-I-S-\w, A-Xns A- -S- w-sim- pw k-atcm- p-i-x-sim- pw {i-t -bam-bn. A- v a-wn-tbm-ss {]- I-S-\w s]m-xp-k-tω-f-\-th-znbm-b km-ln-xy A- m-z-an lm-fn-se-øn. A- m-z-an tk- n k-jm-hv in- m-kv-tlm-jns A - -Im-b {]-Xn-a ÿm- ]n- n-cp- p. ]m - n kw-l-ms-i- \pw {]-ap-j in - n-bp-am-b k- Jm-hv l-wn \n -Ωn- in - am-bn-cp- p A-Xv. {]-Xn-a-bv- v Xm-sg k-jm-hv in- m-kv-tlm-jn-s hn-jym-xam-b hm- p-iƒ C-{]-Im-cw tc- J-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cp- p:""g-sxm-cp a-l-øm-b B-Z -i-øn-s -bpw Z -i-\-øn-s -bpw hn-e-s - {]- Xy-b-im-kv-{X-Øn-s -bpw Im- X-epw {]m-w-\pw A-Xn-s kmw-kv-im-cn-i, ss\-xn-i, ku-μ-cym-h-t_m-[ [m-c-w-ifn \n-ln-x-am-bn-cn- p- p. am -Iv-kn-kw a-l-\o-b-am-b H- cp hn-π-h Z -i-\-am-wv. B a- l-zv Z -i-\-øn-s -bpw Im-Xepw {]m-w-\pw A-Xn-s kmwkv-im-cn-i [m -Ωn-I aq-ey-ßfn-em-wv Ip-Sn-sIm- p- -Xv.'' s]m-xp-k-tω-f-\ th-zn- -cn-si {]-h -Øn- _q- v-ãm-fn k- Jm-hv in- m-kv-tlm-jn-s Xnc-s -Sp-Ø Ir-Xn-Iƒ Dƒ-s ss hn-hn-[ hn-j-b-ß-fn-ep- ]m - n-bp-ss ]T-\-ß-fpw hn-i- I-e-\-ß-fpw A-S-ßp- ]p-kv- X-I-߃ k- o-i-cn- n-cp- p. aq- v Zn-h-k-sØ k-tω-f-\- Øn-\n-S-bn ]p-kv-x-i-߃ apgp-h-\m-bn-ø-s hn- p-xo - p. k-tω-f-\ \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ ho- n- p-hm-\pw {]-kw-k-߃ tiƒ- m-\pw F-Øn-t - s]m-xp- P-\-߃ Dƒ-s -ss-bp- -h km-ln-xy A- m-z-an- lmƒ h- cm-, ap- w, A- m-z-an tim- ºu- v F- n-hn-s-ß-fn-em-bn \n-d- p-\n- p. k-tω-f-\w B- cw-`n- p- -Xn-\v ap -]v-x-s km-ln-xy A- m-z-an lm-fn hn-π-h-km-\-ß-fp-ss A-h-X-c- Ww \-S- p. ap -Im-e k-a-cß-fp-ss Kr-lm-Xp-c-Xzw D-W - Øp-I-bpw ]p-xn-b Im-e-sØ hn-π-h-kz-]v-\-߃ D-Zv-Lm-jn- p-i-bpw sn-bv-x Km-\-k-Z- n- \v t\-xr-xzw \ -In-b-Xv ªmßm-Sv P-\-Io-b kw-ko-x k-`bm-wv. s]m-xp-k-tω-f-\-øn ]m - n kw-ÿm-\ sk-{i-t -dnb- v Aw-Kw k-jm-hv hn.th-wptkm-]m A- y- -X h-ln- p. ]m - n-bp-ss ÿm-]-i P- \-d sk-{i- -dn k-jm-hv in- m-kv-tlm-jn-s\- p-dn- p- Km-\-tØm-sS s]m-xp-k-tω-f-\ \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ B-cw-`n- p. kwÿm-\ sk-{i-t -dn-b- v Aw-Kw k-jm-hv P-bv-k tpm-k-^v B-ap-J-{]-kw-Kw \-S-Øn. ]m - n ti-{μ-i-ωn- n-bw-kw k-jm-hv si. cm-[m-ir-jv-w ap-jy-{]- kw-kw \-S-Øn. H- n-\p ]n-dsi a-s m- m-bn h- p-sim- ncn- p- ^m-kn-ãv \o- -߃s -Xn-sc C-S-Xv- -P-\m-[n-]-Xy {]-ÿm-\-߃ H- -s - m-bn k-a-c-th-zn-bn- A-Wn-\n-c- - W-sa- v k-jm-hv si.-cm-[m-irjv-w B-lzm-\w sn-bv-xp. Xriq Pn- m sk-{i- -dn k-jm-hv ]n.-f-kv.-_m-_p {]-kw-kw ]- cn-`m-j-s -Sp-Øn. Xp-S - v ]m - n kw-ÿm-\- -Ωn- n-bw-k-hpw sim- w Pn- m sk-{i- -dn-bp-amb k-jm-hv ssj-e si. tpm {]-kw-kn- p. km -Δ-tZio-b Km-\-tØm-sS s]m-xp-ktω-f-\w k-am-]n- p. H-Iv-tSm-_ 13, 14 Xo-b-Xn- I-fn-em-bn km-ln-xy A- m-zan lm-fn {]-Xn-\n-[n k-tωf-\w \-S- p. k-tω-f-\-øn-\v Xp-S- w Ip-dn- p-sim- v ti-{μ- -Ωn- n-bw-kw k-jm-hv si.-cm- [m-ir-jv-w ]-Xm-I D-b -Øn. c- -km- n-i-fp-ss-bpw hn-s-]- d- k-jm- -fp-ss-bpw hn-πh-kv-a-c-w-iƒ- p ap-ºn B- Z-c-hv A - n- p-sim- v k-jm- ƒ si.-cm-[m-ir-jv-w, hn.-th- Wp-tKm-]m F- n-h c- - km- n-a-fi-]-øn ]q- ƒ A - n- p. k-tω-f-\-øn-s ti-{μ-\n-co- -I-sc- \n-ebn ti-{μ- -Ωn- n-bw-kw k- Jm-hv si.-cm-[m-ir-jv-w, ti- {μ Ãm-^pw ]- n-a _w-kmƒ kw-ÿm-\ sk-{i-t -dn-b- v Aw- K-ß-fp-am-b k-jm- ƒ A-an- Xm-h Nm- -Pn, tum.-kp-`m-jv- Zm-kv Kp-]v-X F- n-h-cp-ss km- kwÿm-\ sk-{i- -dn-bm-bn sx-c-s -Sp- -s - k-jm-hv hn.thwp-tkm-]m k-tω-f\-sø A-`nkw-t_m-[-\ sn-øp p n- yw {]-Xn-\n-[n k-tω-f-\ th-zn-bn D- m-bn-cp- p. {]-Xn- \n-[n k-tω-f-\w k-jm-hv A- an-xm-h Nm- -Pn D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sn-bv-xp. ti-{μ- -Ωn- n-bw-khpw kw-ÿm-\ sk-{i- -dn-bpam-b k-jm-hv kn.-si.-eq-t mkn-\v A-\m-tcm-Kyw \n-an-øw k-tω-f-\-øn ]-s -Sp- m- \m-hn- F- -Xv, ]m - n kwÿm-\ I-Ωn- n cq-]-s -Sp-Ønbn- p- sa-un- k-_v I- Ωn- n X-øm-dm- n-b sa-un- _p- - n hm-bn- p-sim- v H- tzym-kn-i-am-bn k-jm-hv th-wptkm-]m {]-Xn-\n-[n k-z- n- s\ A-dn-bn- p. Xp-S - v kwÿm-\ sk-{i-t -dn-b- v Aw-Kw k-jm-hv B.-Ip-am, kw-ÿm- \- -Ωn- n-bw-k-ß-fm-b k-jm- ƒ F.-ti-J, ssj-em si.- tpm F- n-h-cpƒ-s -Sp- {]-ko-un-bw k-tω-f-\-\-s-]-sn- I-fp-sS \n-b-{ -W- p-a-x-e G- s -Sp-Øp. Xp-S - v C- -gn- k-tω-f-\ Im-e-b-f-hn \- (tijw 3 mw t]pn )

3 bqwn n \hw_ i-_-cn-a-e: k- p-nn-x cm-jv-{so-b t\- -߃- m-bn kw-l-]-cn-hm ti-c-f-sø I-em-]-`q-an-bm- p- p. -i-_-cn-a-e-bn F- m {]m-b-øn-ep-ap- k-{xo-iƒ- pw {]- th-i-\w A\p-h-Zn psim- v kp-{]ow tim-s-xn sk-]v- w-_ 28\v ]p-d-s -Sp-hn- hn-[n ti-c-f-øn h-en-b km-aq-ly- A- kz-ÿ-x kr-jv-sn- n-cn- p- p. thm- n-s\ am-{xw e- yw h-bv- p- cm-jv-{so-b- i- n-iƒ hn-izm-k-sø h-f-sc ssh-im-cn- I-am-bn k-ao-]n- m t{]-cn- n- p-i-bpw a-x-hn-izm-kn-i-fm-b km-[m-c-w- m-sc h -txm-xn sx- n- -cn- n- p-i-bp-am-wv. i-_-cn-a-e-bn F- m {]mb-øn-ep-ap- k-{xo-iƒ- pw {]-th-i-\w \ -In-s m- v kp- {]ow tim-s-xn sk-]v- w-_ 28\v ]p-d-s -Sp-hn- hn-[n tic-f-øn h-en-b km-aq-ly- A- kz-ÿ-x kr-jv-sn- n-cn- p- p. thm- n-s\ am-{xw e- yw h- bv- p- cm-jv-{so-b- i- n-iƒ hn-izm-k-sø h-f-sc ssh-imcn-i-am-bn k-ao-]n- m t{]- cn- n- p-i-bpw a-x-hn-izm-kn-ifm-b km-[m-c-w- m-sc h txm-xn sx- n- -cn- n- p-ibp-am-wv. I-gn- 12 h -jw Cu tin-s \-S-Øn- n-s H-cp L- -Øn -t m-epw kz- w hm-z߃ A-h-X-cn- n- m {i-an- m-xn-cp- B -F-kv-F-kv- _n-sp-]n kw-l-]-cn-hm i- n-iƒ s]m-sp- -s\ bp-h-xo- {]-th-i-\-sø Po-h \ -Inbpw F-Xn - p-sa- v {]-Jym-]n- kwÿm-\ k-tωf\w... (2 mw t]pn \n v) tωm-sv hn-s-]-d- k-jm- ƒ Pn.F-kv. -]-fl-ip-am, F.-P-emep-±o F- n-h-cpƒ- -ss-bp- \n-c-h-[n {]n-b k-jm- ƒ- v B-Z-cm-Rv-P-en A - n- -p-sim- p- {]-ta-bw ]m - n kwÿm-\- -Ωn- n-bw-kw k-jm-hv an-\n si.-^n-en- v A-h-X-cn- n- p. B-Z-c-kq-N-I-am-bn H-cp an- \- v au-\w B-N-cn- p. B-Zy-am-bn {]-Xn-\n-[n k- tω-f-\w N - -bv- m-bn ]-cn-k- Wn- -Xv km -Δ-tZ-io-b km-l- N-cy-sØ kw-_- n- Xo-knkm-bn-cp- p. kw-ÿm-\- -Ωn- n-bw-kw k-jm-hv hn.-si.-k-zm- \-μ km -Δ-tZ-io-b km-l-ncy-sø kw-_- n- tc-j A- n-cn- p- p. bp-h-xn-i-fp-ss {]- th-i-\w B-h-iy-s - p-sim- v 2006 kp-{]ow tim-s-xn-bn ti- v \ -In-b-Xv kw-l-]-cnhm-dp-am-bn h-f-sc A-Sp- -ap- 5 h-\n-xm A-`n-`m-j-I-cm-sW- h-kv-xp-x-bpw C-Xn-t\m-S-Iw ]p-d-øp-h- n- p- v. A-t mƒ H- cp h-i-øv bp-h-xn-i-fp-ss -{]- th-i- -\-Øn-\p-th- n hm-zn- p- I-bpw A-Xn -{]-Im-cw H-cp hn- [n k-ºm-zn- m ]-Wn-s -Sp- I-bpw sn-bv-xn- v hn-[n h- t mƒ A-Xn-s\- \-J-in-Jm- w F-Xn -Øv A-ø- -hn-izm-kn-ifp-ss t\-xr-xz-am-im {i-an- p- G- -hpw \n-μy-am-b C-c- -Øm- m-wv \m-an-t mƒ kw- L-]-cn-hm-dn -\n- pw Im-Wp- -Xv. kp-{]ow tim-s-xn hn-[n h- Zn-h-kw A-Xv kzm-k-xw snbv-xv B -F-kv-F-kv {]-kv-xmh-\ ]p-d-s -S-hn- n-cp- p. `m-c- h-x-cn- n- p. {]-kv-xp-x tc-j-bnt k-po-h-am-b N - G-Xm- v 3 a-wn- q-tdm-fw \-S- p. D- -bv- p-ti-jw tz-io-b kml-n-cy-sø kw-_- n- Xokn-kv kw-ÿm-\- -Ωn- n-bw- Kw k-jm-hv F-kv.-cm-Po-h A- h-x-cn- n- p. A-Sp-Ø Zn-h-kw cm-hn-se h-sc Cu tc-jbn-t Xp-S - N - -bv-s m- Sp-hn t`-z-k-xn-iƒ A- n-a-am- n. Xp-S - v kw-ÿm-\- -Ωn- n X-øm-dm- n-b kw-l-s-\m- cm-jv-{so-b {]-ta-bw kw-ÿm- \-sk-{i- -dn-bv- p-th- n k-jmhv P-bv-k tpm-k-^v A-h- X-cn- n- p. kw-ÿm-\-sø cmjv-{so-b km-l-n-cy-sø kw- _- n- kq- v-a-am-b ]-cn-tim- {]I-S-\-Øn-\v ap- ]n-se timw-k-tamƒ am v Xo-b hn-nm-c ti-{μw su-]yq- n U-b-d-Iv-S-dm-b B.-k-Rv-Pb P- -`q-an ]-{X-Øn H-IvtSm-_ 4\v F-gp-Xn-b te-j-\- Øn kv-{xo-xo - m-s-i h -txm-xn F-Øp- -Xv Cu t -{X-Øn-s a-l-xz-hpw {]- i-kv-xn-bpw h - n- n- m-t\ C- S-bm- q F- v A-`n-{]m-b-s - Sp-I-bp- m-bn. A-ßn-s\ hn-[n h- -Xn-s A-Sp-Ø Zn-h-k-ß-fn hn-[n- - \p-iq-e-am-bn \n-e-]m-sv F-Sp- p- I-bpw {]-N-cn- n- p-i-bpw snbv-xn-cp- -h s]-s - v I-c-Wwa-dn- v sx-cp-hn hn-[n-s - Xn-sc-bp- \m-a-p-]-tlm-j-bm- {X \-bn- p- -Xm-bn \mw I- p. B -F-kv-F-kpw _n-sp- ]n-bpw kzo-i-cn- p- C-{Xta Im-]-Syw \n-d- \n-e- ]m-sv, thm- v am-{xw e- y-an- psim- p- tæ-o-hpw \o-n-hpam-b Kq-V-\o- -am-sw- v km- [-\-bm-wv Xp-S - v \-S- N - -bn D- m-b-xv. \-Ωp-sS ]m - n kw-l-s-\ i- n-s -Sp- Øm-\p- kr-jv-sn-]-c-am-b \nc-h-[n \n -t±-i-ß-fpw {]-Xn-\n- [n k-jm- ƒ ap-t m- p-h- p. k-tω-f-\-øn D- -bn- -s - t`-z-k-xn-i-fpw \n -t±-i-ßfpw Dƒ-s -Sp-Øn-s m- v ta - L-S-I-Øn-\v k-a - n- m-sa- p Xo-cp-am-\n- p-sim- v dn-t m - v k-ω-f-\w Aw-Ko-I-cn- p. D- -bv- p-ti-jw sx-c-s - Sp- v \-S-]-Sn {I-a-ß-fm-Wv \-S- -Xv. ]m - n tim -{K- n-te- p- 79 {]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-sS ]m- \ kw-ÿm-\-sk-{i-t -dn-b- v Aw-Kw k-jm-hv n.-si.-kp-[o - Ip-am A-h-X-cn- n- p. tim- -bw Pn- m I-Ωn- n-bw-kw k-jm-hv F.-sI.-_n-Pp ]n- p-w- p. {]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-sS en-ãv k-tωf-\w G-I-I-WvT-am-bn Aw-Ko- I-cn- p. kw-ÿm-\- -Ωn- n sxc-s -Sp-Ø 20 \n-co- -I-cpsS en-ãv k-tω-f-\-sø A-dnbn- p. Xp-S - v ti-{μ- -Ωn- n Aw-Ko-I-cn- ]p-xn-b 20 Aw-K kw-ÿm-\- -Ωn- n-bp-ss en- Ãpw kw-ÿm-\ sk-{i- -dn-bpss t]-cpw kw-ÿm-\-sk-{it -dn-b- v Aw-Kw k-jm-hv P-bvk tpm-k-^v A-h-X-cn- n- p. [m-c-w-p-\-߃ a-\- n-em- - Ww. Cu kw-ÿm-\-sø km- [m-c-w- m-cm-b a-x-hn-izm-kn- I-sf Iu-i-e-]q -Δw I-cp- fm- n cm-jv-{so-b-t\- w simøm H-cp Iq- C-d-ßn-Øncn- n-cn- p-i-bm-sw- n A-Xn- \v A-cp-\n - m B-flm-`n-am- \-ap- -h X-øm-dm-I-cp-Xv. b- Ym - -Øn kw-l-]-cn-hm bp-h-xo-{]-th-i-\-øn-\v F-Xncm-bn-cp-s - n se l - Pn-sb F-Xn - m \-S-]-Sn- Iƒ kzo-i-cn-t - n-bn-cp- nt? C-t mƒ ]-d-bp- X-{ hn-[n-i-fpw B-Nm-c-]m-c-º-cy-ßfpw A- -an- v \n-c-øn hm-zn- mam-bn-cp- n-t? Cu tnm-zy߃ {]-Xn-tj-[-ß-fn A- Wn-\n-c- n- p- km-[m-c-w- m-cm-b a-x-hn-izm-kn-i-ƒ _nsp-]n t\-xr-xz-tøm-sv D- -bn- -Ww. _n-sp-]n kw-ÿm-\ A- y- -\m-i-s I-em-]-Øn-\v B-lzm-\w sn-øp- {]-kv-xmh-\-bm-wv ]p-d-s -Sp-hn- n- p- - Xv. F -Un-F ]- -f-øp-\n- v Xn-cp-h-\- -]p-c-tø-bv- v \-S- Øn-b Pm-Y-bn sim- w Xpf-kn F- \-S {]-kw-kn- - Xv i-_-cn-a-e-bn-te-bv- v h-cp- kv-{xo-i-sf h-en- p-io-dp-sa- pw A-Xn H-cp I-j-Ww k-jm-hv si.cm-[m-irjvw c km- n a-fi-]-øn ]p-jv-]-ß-f - n- p p sk-{i-t -dn-b- n-te- pw a-s m- v Zn- n-bn- -te- pw h-en-s -dn-bpsa- -p-am-wv. Cu {]-kv-xm-h-\- I-fpw sh- p-hn-fn-i-fpw a-x߃ tlm-jn- p- [m -Ωn-I- X-bv- pw aq-ey-߃- pw \n-c- p- -Xm-sW- v sx-cp-hn {]- Xn-tj-[n- p- km-[m-c-w a- X-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ t]m-epw I-cp- Xp-I-bn-. kw-l-]-cn-hm i- n-iƒ ti-c-f-øn D-b -Øp- F- Xn - v thm- n-s\ em- m- n am- {Xw D- -Xm-sW- -Xv Xn-I- pw hy- -am-wv. enw-k- -Pm-Xn t`-zsa-t\y F- m-h-sc-bpw Dƒs m- p- ln-μp-k-aq-l-sa- A-h-cp-sS "ssl-μ-h a-x-]-cn-jv- I-c-W-'Øn-s tz-io-b A-P- - v \n-c- p- -X- Cu F- Xn -s - v {]m-y-an-i ]-cn-tim- [-\-bn -Ø-s t_m-[y-s - Spw. a-lm-cm-jv-{s-bn \q- m- p- I-fp-sS ]-g- -ap- i-\n t - {X-Øn-se kv-{xo-{]-th-i-\-hne- v tim-s-xn F-Sp-Øp-I-f- -t mƒ A-Xn-s\ ]n- p-wbv- p-i-bpw {]-kv-xp-x tim-s- Xn hn-[n \-S- m- m A-[n-Imcw D-]-tbm-Kn- p-i-bpw sn-bv- X-h-cm-Wn-h. A-t mƒ bp-h- Xo-{]-th-i-\w th-w-sa- p-xs -bm-wv B -F-kv-F-kn-s (tijw 4 mw t]pn ) I-Æq Pn- m- -Ωn- n-bw-kw k- Jm-hv si.-]n.-k-po-{μ-\m-yv ]n- p-w- p-sim- v {]-kw-kn- p. ]p-xn-b kw-ÿm-\- -Ωn- n-sb k-tω-f-\w G-I-I-WvT-am-bn sx-c-s -Sp-Øp. k-tω-f-\w sx-c-s -Sp-Ø ]p-xn-b kwÿm-\ I-Ωn- n: k-jm-hv hn.- th-wp-tkm-]m (sk-{i- -dn), k-jm- ƒ P-bv-k tpm-k- ^v, n.-si.-kp-[o -Ip-am, B.- Ip-am, si.-si.-kp-tc-{μ, F.- ti-j, hn.-si.-k-zm-\-μ, tum. ]n.-f-kv.-_m-_p, A-_v- Zpƒ A-ko-kv, F.-B.-taml -Ip-am, an-\n si.-^-en- v, F-kv.-cm-Po-h, F-kv.-ko-Xnem, h - o-kv Fw.-tP- -_v, tum.-si.-]n.-tkm-z-ip-am, tpym- Xn-Ir-jv-W, ssj-e si.- tpm, ]n.-]n.-b-\-μv, ]n.- F.-X- -, F.-hn-t\m-Zv-Ipam. kw-ÿm-\-øn-s a-æn Iq-Sp-X D-b - hn-π-h-kp-wß-tfm-s-bp- H-cp ]m - n kw- L-S-\-bpw A-Xn-s t\-xr-xz- Øn i- -am-b P-\-]n- p-wbpw ]-Sp-Øp-b -Øm-\p- hnπ-h k-a-c-߃- m-bn X-ß-sf Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-sc-bpw k-a - n- psa- v {]-Xn- sn-bv-xp-sim- m-wv {]-Xn-\n-[n k-jm- ƒ ]n-cn- -Xv.

4 4 bqwn n \hw_ 2018 i-_-cn-a-e (3 mw t]pn \n v) Xm-Xzn-I -\n-e-]m-sv. kp-{]ow tim-s-xn hn-[n ]p-tcm-k-a-\-]-c-am-twm? enw-k-\o-xn D-d- m- n F- - Xn-\m C-Xv ]p-tcm-k-a-\-]-c-amb hn-[n-b-m-sw- hm-zw \n-ehn-ep- v. hn-th-n-\w Aw-Ko-Icn- m-\m-hn- F- -Xn-\m tim-s-xn- v C-X- m-sx a-s mcp am - -ap- m-bn-cp- n- F- hm-z-hpw ]-cn-tim-[n- -s -ts- - Xm-Wv. C- v \n-e-\n - p- km-aq-ly-bm-ym - y-ß-fp-ambn _- -s -Sp-Øn Cu hn-[nsb-bpw hn-[n-bp-ss kzm-[o-\- sø-bpw hn-e-bn-cp-ø-ww. k- aq-l-øn H-cp s]m-xp-c-s-hpw A-[-ÿn-X - v {]m-]y-a- m-xncp- H-cp \m-fn t -{X-{]- th-i-\-øn-\v H-cp ]- v \n -Δln- m-\p- m-bn-cp- p. {_m- - Wy-Øn-s A-[n-Im-c-tI-{μ-amb t -{Xw Xp-d- p-in- n-b-txmss {I-ta-W a- v s]m-xp- C-Sß-fn-te-bv- pw {]-th-i-\w F- fp- -am-bn. A-Xn-\m G-dn-b {]m-[m-\y-hpw ]p-tcm-k-a-\- D- - S- -hpw t -{X-{]-th-i-\-Øn- \v e-`n- p. F- m t -{X- Øn {]-th-i-\w e-`n- -h ]n- o-sv t -{X-Øn a-b-ßp- ÿn-xn D- m-bn. kn.-ti-i-hs\-t m-ep- t\-xm- ƒ A- Xv Nq- n- m- p-i-bp-ap- m-bn. im-kv-{xo-b-am-b Po-hn-X ho- -Ww kzo-i-cn- m-\p- ]- cn-io-e-\-a- -t m t -{X-{]-thi-\-Øn-eq-sS e-`n- -Xv. i-_-cna-e-bn-te-bv- p- bp-h-xo-{]- th-i-\-øn-s Im-cyw ]-cntim-[n- m C-{X-tØm-fw-t]mepw ]p-tcm-k-a-\w Im-Wm-\m-hn-. ti-c-f-øn-se-hn-ss-bm-wv B -Ø-h A-ip- n-bp-ss t]- cn kv-{xo-iƒ- v {]-th-i-\w \n-tj-[n- -s - n- p- -Xv. hn-zyme-b-ß-fn, Hm-^o-kp-I-fn, bm-{xm-am - -ß-fn, `- -Wim-e-I-fn Xp-S-ßn B-[p-\n- I-a-\p-jy C-S-s]-Sp- H-cp s]m-xp C-S-hpw t]-cn-\p-t]m-epw \-Ωp-sS kw-ÿm-\-øv kv-{xo- Iƒ- v A-{]m-]y-am-bn C-. \- Ωp-sS ho-sp-i-fn -t m-epw ap- ºv C- m-cy-øn-ep- m-bn-cp- A-ip- n- a-t\m-`m-hw G-Xm- v ]q -Æ-am-bn A-{]-Xy- -am-bn. F-s - n-epw A-h-ti-jn- p- -Xv hn-izm-k-øn-s cw-k-øpam-{x-am-wv. tim-s-xn hn-[n G- dn-t m-bm Cu A-h-ti-jn- p- {]-th-i-\ hn-e- v C- m- Xm- pw. A-{X ]-cn-an-x-am-b ]ptcm-k-a-\-ta Cu hn-[n-bn-ep- q. h -Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øv ti-c-f- Øn kv-{xo-iƒ A-`n-ap-Jo-Icn- p- b-ym - {]-iv-\-ßfn F- p-am- -am-wv i-_-cn-ae-{]-th-i-\w h-gn t\-sp-i. A- hnjbw hn-th-i-]q -Δw ssi-im-cyw sn-øp- -Xn kwÿm\ k - m ]-cm-p-b-s - p -X-bpw bp- n-cm-ln-xy-hpw A-S- n-`-cn- p- H-cp cw-k-tøbv- v {]-th-i-\w e-`n- p- -Xv hn-π-h-i-c-am-sw- co-xn-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn- p- -Xv i-cn-b-. G- -hpw Ip-d- ]- w bm- Ym - y-t_m-[-tøm-ss Po-hn- X-{]-iv-\-ß-sf Im-Wm-\pw ]- cn-tim-[n- m-\pw bp- n-]-c-ambn A-Xn-s ]-cn-lm-c-߃ I- s -Øm-\pw ]Tn- n- p-i-b-t Cu Im-e-L- -Øn A-Sn-b- c-am-bn sn-tø- -Xv. h - n- txm-xn kv-{xo Xo - m-s-i F-Øp- -Xv i-_-cn-a-e-bp-ss a- l-xz-hpw Io -Øn-bpw h - n- n- m-\n-s-h-cp-øp-sa- v B - F-kv-F-kv hn-e-bn-cp-øn-b-xm- Wv A-\- -c-^-e-sa- n F- p-km-aq-ly-]p-tcm-k-xn-bm-wv A-Xv kr-jv-sn- p-i. im-kv-{xob Po-hn-X a-t\m-`m-h-øn-\pw Nn- m-k-xn-iƒ- pw C-t m-fw D- m-bn- p- -Xn -h-t - -hpw h-en-b Xn-cn- -Sn t\-cn-sp- Cu th-f-bn A- -X-bn-te-bv- p- Iq- p-ip-øn-\v B- w h - n- n- n-t Cu \-S-]-Sn. Cu ]-d-b-s -Sp- A-f-hn-ep- H- cp-]p-tcm-k-xn-bpw A-Xv kr-jv- Sn- n-. hn-izm-k-øn-s cw-k- Øv A-h-ti-jn- p- B -Øh A-ip- n-bp-ss a-t\m-`m-hsø C- m-xm- p- -Xn Cu hn-[n hn-p-bn- p-sh- p-x-s I- cp-xp-i. F- m hn-izm-kw kr-jv-sn- p- A- -X-bpw bm- Ym - y-t_m-[-an- m-bv-a-bpw Iq-Sp-X B-fp-I-fn-te- v ]-Icm-\m-Wv A-Xv C-S h-cp-øp- sx- n A-ip- n-bp-ss a-t\m- `m-h-tø- mƒ A-Xv Iq-Sp-X A-]-I-Sw sn-øpw. B-Nm-c hn-izm-k a-x ]-cnjv-i-c-w-߃ tim-s-xn hn-[n- I-fn-eq-sS am-{xw km- y-am-ip- H- -. a-lm-`q-cn-]- w P- \-ß-sf-bpw ]-cn-jv-i-c-w-øn- \-\p-iq-e-am-bn Nn- n- n- phm \-thm- m-\ \m-b-i - v I-gn- -t m-gm-wv ti-c-f-øns a-æn-se \n-c-h-[n A-\m- N-mc-߃ A-h-km-\n- -Xpw ]- cn-jv-i-c-w-߃ D- m-b-xpw. cm-p-hm-gv-n-s -Xn-sc-bpw tz-iob-x-bv- p-th- n-bp-ap- {]- t m-`-߃ k-aq-l-øn ta -ss t\-sn-bn-cp- -Xv C- Ø-cw k-ap-zm-b-]-cn-jv-i-c-w- {]-h -Ø-\-ß-sf N-e-\m-Xv-a-Iam- n-bn-cp- p. C-Ø-cw \-ho- I-c-W {]-h -Ø-\-߃ a-x߃- pw k-ap-zm-b-߃- pw D- n -\n- p-x-s D-b - p-h- -Xm-bn- m-wv \-Ωƒ N-cn-{X- Øn -\n- pw ]Tn- p- -Xv. i- {]-f-b Zp-c- -sø t\-cn-sp- -Xn ti-c-f k-aq-lw {]-Z -in- n- H-sØm-cp-a ]-e X -]-c-i- n-iƒ- pw cp-nn- n- n-. Cu D-Zm-Ø-am-b a-\p-jy-km-tlm-z-cyw A-h-km-\n- p-im-wm B-{K-ln- p- i- n-i-fm- Wv A-º-e-{]-th-i-\w H-cp hn-j-b-am- n-bxv. Poh -{]-iv-\-ß-sf B-[m-c-am- n-bp- km-[m-c-w- mc-s {]-t m-`-߃ h-f -Øn-sb-Sp- m P-\-ßfp-sS sf-iyw {]m-w-s\-t m-se K-Wn- -W-sa- pw ap-x-se-sp- n-s i- n-iƒ- v C-c-I-fm-I-cp-sX- pw F-kv-bp-kn-sF-(kn) G-h-tcm-Spw A-`y - n- p- p _-cn-a-e-bp-ss {]-iv-\-øn enw- K-\o-Xn-bp-sS {]-iv-\-am-wv D- b -Ø-s -Sp- -Xv F- -Xn-\m A-Xn-\m-bn hm-zn- p- -h A- Ø-c-sam-cp A-`n-{]m-b -cq-]o-ic-w-øn-\m-bn Iq- m-b-{]-h - Ø-\w \-S-Ø-Ww. hn-izm-kn- I-fm-b k-{xo-i-sf-bpw {]-kv- Xp-X {]-h -Ø-\-Øn I-ÆntN - -Ww. -am-]q -Δ-ap- B-i-b-{]-Nm-c-W-Øn-eq-sS G- Im-`n-{]m-bw cq-]-s -Sp-Øm-\pw A-Xn-\v i- n-h - n- n- m-\pw {i-an- -Ww. F- m P-\m-[n- ]-Xym- -co- w {]-tbm-p-\-s - Sp-Øn-s m- v C-Ø-c-Øn-ep- H-cp {]-h -Ø-\w \-S- Øm X-øm-dm-Im-sX tim-s-xnbn-eq-ss Im-cyw t\-sp-i F- F-fp- -am - w tx-sp- -Xv e- yw t\-sm k-lm-bn- n- F- p am-{x-a-, k-aq-l-øn A-kz-ÿ-X kr-jv-sn- p-i-bpw sn-øpw {]iv\w hn-th-i-]q -Δw ssi-im-cyw sn-øp- -Xn ti-c-f k - m ]-cm-p-b-s - p \n-e-hn-ep- Cu km-l-ncy-sø ]-cn-k-wn- m-sx, H-cp hn-[n-bp-ss km-aq-ly-am-b {]- Xym-Lm-X-ß-sf- v F- p-t]mepw D-Ø-c-hm-Z-]q -Δw Nn- n- m-sx, \n-e-]m-ss-sp- p- -Xn- \p-ap-ºv ]p-e -tø- Pm-{K-Xbpw A-h-[m-\-X-bpw ]p-e - Øm-sX-bm-Wv kp-{]ow tim-s- Xn Cu hn-[n ]p-d-s -Sp-hn- n-cn- p- -Xv. A-tXm-sSm- w km-[mc-w- m-cm-b hn-izm-kn-i-sf C- Xp-am-bn _- -s - Im-cy-߃ t_m-[y-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn-\v h-fsc _p- n-ap- m-sw- n-cn-s, A-h - n-s-bn \-S-t - n-bncp- kw-hm-z-ß-fpw N - -I-fpw \-S-Øp- -Xn-\pw A-`n-{]m-b k- a-\z-b-ap- m- p- -Xn-\pw ti-cf-k - m-cpw X-øm-dm-bn-. kp- {]ow-tim-s-xn hn-[n h- -t mƒ- Ø-s i-_-cn-a-e-bn kv-{xo- {]-th-i-\-øn-\p-th- n-bp- X-øm-sd-Sp- p-iƒ kw-_- n- p- Xo-cp-am-\-߃ {]-Jym-]n- p. dn-hyp l -Pn \ -Ip- -Xv kw-_- n- v tz-h-kzw t_m - Upw a-{ n-bpw ]-c-kv-]-c-hn-cp- -am-bm-wv B-Zyw {]-Xn-I-cn- - Xv. km-l-n-cy-sø t\-cn-sp- - Xv kw-_- n- pw B-i-b- pg- w \n-e-\n- n-cp- p-sh- v Xp- S - p- m-b kw-`-h-hn-im-k߃ sx-fn-bn- p. km-l-n-cysø h-j-fm- m Im-Øn-cn- p- i- n-iƒ- v A-Xn-\v A-h-k-cw \ -Im-sX, I-gn-bp- -{X B-fp-I-fp-sS ]n- p-w k-am-l-cn- p-sim- v, Pm-{K-Xtbm-sS hn-j-b-sø ssi-imcyw sn-tø- -Xn-\p-]-I-cw [m - jv-sy-øn-s -bpw G-Im-[n-]-Xy- Øn-s -bpw ]-Xn-hp-ssi-enbn k - m-cn-s {]-Xn-\n-[n- Iƒ {]-Xn-I-cn- p. G- -hp-sam- Sp-hn X-ß-fp-sS {]-hr-øn k- aq-l-øn-ep- m- p- {]-Xym- Lm-X-ß-sf kw-_- n- v B- tem-nn- m-sx Nn-e kv-{xo-iƒ \-S N-hn- m H-cp-sº- -t mƒ t]m-eo-kv Im- n- q- n-b sn-bv- Xn-Iƒ kw-l-]-cn-hm- i- n- Iƒ- v _-ew ]-I-cp-I am-{xam-wv sn-bv-x-xv. i-_-cn-a-e-sb X-I - m k - m B-kq- {Xn-X-am-bn \o-ßp-i-bm-sw- A -F-kv-F-kv hym-p-{]-nm-c- W-Øn-\v km-[q-i-c-ww D- m- p- \-S-]-Sn-I-fm-Wv t]m-eokv i-_-cn-a-e-bn sn-bv-x-xv. i-_-cn-a-e {]-iv-\-øn A-ºe-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS hn-im-c-߃ B-fn- -Øn- m kw-l-]-cnhm-dn-\v A-h-k-c-sam-cp- p- km-l-n-cyw kw-ÿm-\ k - m kr-jv-sn- m ]m-sn- m-bnbn-cp- p. sx-c-s -Sp- v cm- { o-b-sø ap -\n -Øn tim -{K- pw X-ß-fp-sS C-c- -Øm- v {]-I-S-am- n-bn-cn- p- p. a-x-hn-izm-k-øn-s t]-cnep- ap-x-se-sp- n-s Cu a k-c-øn _n-sp-]n-sb ]n-d-inem- m tim -{K- v G- -hpw h-j-fm-b \n-e-]m-sv ssi-s m- p. `- -P-\-ß-fp-sS a-t\m-hn- Im-c-sØ sh- p-hn-fn-s -Øp- h H-cp Im-c-W-h-im-epw tzh-ÿm-\-øv F-Øn- F- m- Wv tim -{K- v t\-xm-hv si.- kp-[m-i-c B-t{Im-in- -Xv. Cu B-t{Im-i-ß-fpw I-em-]mlzm-\-ß-fpw \-Ωp-sS \m-sn-s P-\m-[n-]-Xy a-tx-x-c L-S-\-bv- v G - n- p- B-Lm-Xw F-{X-tbm h-ep-xm-wv. Po-hn-X-sØ X-I - p- H- -\-h-[n hn-j-b-߃ k-aq-lsø a-yn- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm- Wv. s]-t{sm-fn-bw D - - -ßfp-sS hn-e h - -\-hv A- cm - -Øn P-\-ß-fp-sS \- s - v X-I -Øn-cn- p-i-bm-wv. ]-Wn-bn- m-bv-a-bpw h-cp-am-\-ø- I - -bpw km-[m-c-w- m-c-s\ A-kv-X-{]- -\m- n-bn-cn- p- p. A-gn-a-Xn-bp-sS hm -Ø- Iƒ P-\-ß-sf sr- n- p-i-bm- Wv. kv-{xo-iƒ-s -Xn-sc-bp- Ip- -Ir-Xy-߃ A- -an- m-sx Xp-S-cp-I-bm-Wv. kv-{xo-bm-bn Po-hn- m A-\p-h-Zn- m-ø H- cp km-aq-ly-km-l-n-cy-øn, A-º-e-{]-th-i-\-tam {]-th-i- \-hn-e-t m F-ß-s\ H-cp ]- cn-lm-c-am-ip-sa- v \-Ωp-sS e- - -W- m-b A-Ω-am-cpw k- tlm-z-cn-am-cpw Nn- n- -Ww. H- cp \q- m- n-\p-ap-ºv kv-{xo-i-fpss A- - m-b Po-hn-X-Øn-\pth- n, hn-zym-`ym-k-øn-\m-bn, am-\y-am-b h-kv-{x-[m-c-w-øns A-h-Im-i-Øn-\m-bn Cu sim- p-ti-c-f-am-si s]m-cp-xnb-xv kv-a-cn- p-hm kw-ÿm- \-sø kv-{xo-k-aq-l-tøm-sv R-߃ A-`y - n- p- p. C- v sx-cp-hn Im-Wp- timem-l-e-߃ Cu ti-c-f-sø H-cp \q- m- v ]n-d-tim- p-sim- p-t]m-im-\n-s-bm- p-sa- v R- ߃ hn-\-b-]q -Δw Hm -Ωn- n- p- p. bm-sxm-cp A-Sn-b- -c {]m- [m-\y-hpw C- m-ø C-Ø-cw hn-[n-iƒ km-aq-ln-i A-kzÿ-Xbpw kw-l -j-hpw hn-xbv- p-hm h - o-b {]-Xn-tema i- n-iƒ- v A-h-k-cw H- cp- p-i am-{x-am-wv sn-øp- - Xv. B-cm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fn B- scm-s t]m-i-ww, t]m-i- F- -Xv k-aq-l-øn-s s]m-xp {]-iv-\-a- -t m. P-\-ß-fp-sS Pohn-X-Øn-s b-ym - {]-iv-\- ߃ a-d-bv- p- -Xn-\pw Iy-{Xna {]-iv-\-ß-fn-te-bv- v {i- Xn-cn- p-hn-sp- -Xn-\pw-th- n _- -s - I- n-i-sf- mw B-kq- {Xn-X-am-bn kp-{]ow-tim-s-xn hn- [n-sb D-]-tbm-Kn- p-i-bm-wv sn-øp- -Xv. {]-f-b Zp-c- -sø t\-cn-sp- -Xn ti-c-f k-aq-lw {]-Z -in- n- H-sØm-cp-a ]-e X -]-c-i- n-iƒ- pw cp-nn- n- n-. Cu D-Zm-Ø-am-b a-\p-jykm-tlm-z-cyw A-h-km-\n- p-im- Wm B-{K-ln- p- i- n- I-fm-Wv A-º-e-{]-th-i-\w H- cp hn-j-b-am- n sim- p-h-cp- -Xv. Po-h -{]-iv-\-ß-sf B- [m-c-am- n-bp- km-[m-c-w- m-c-s {]-t m-`-߃ h-f - Øn-sb-Sp- m P-\-ß-fp-sS sf-iy-sø {]m-w-s\-t m-se K-Wn- -W-sa- pw ap-x-se-sp- ns i- n-iƒ- v C-c-I-fm-Icp-sX- pw F-kv-bp-kn-sF- (kn) G-h-tcm-Spw A-`y - n- p- p.

5 bqwn n \hw_ 2018 (1 mw t]pn \n v) \- m-sc \n -_- n-x-cm- p- \n-_- -\-I-sf-bm-Wv Hm-^vsk- v [m-c-w-iƒ F- p hn-fn- p- -Xv. C-hn-sS, tim- Sn cq-]-bp-ss 50%, A-Y-hm G- I-tZ-iw tim-sn cq-], bp- -hn-am-\-ß-fp-am-bn _- -s - K-th-j-W-{]-h -Ø-\-߃, d-t^ hn-am-\-`m-k-ß-fp-ss {]m-tz-in-i-am-b D-Xv-]m-Z-\w, Xp- S-ßn-b ta-j-e-i-fn-eq-ss C- y {]-Xn-tcm-[-kw-hn-[m-\- Øn \n-t -]n- p- p-sh- v Z-t mƒ- v D-d- m-t - -Xp- v. C-S-]m-Sn hn-hm-z-am-ip- hm-z-ap-j-߃ Cu C-S-]m-Sn-s c- p h- i-ß-fm-wv B-Zyw kw-i-bw P- \n- n- p-i-bpw, Xp-S - v A-S- w ]-d- n-ep-i-fm-bn, A-h-km- \w s]m- n-sø-dn-bn F-Øn- \n - p-i-bpw sn-øp- -Xv. H- m-a-xm-bn, hn-am-\-߃ hmßm-\m-bn _n-sp-]n k - m h-f-sc D-b - hn-e-bm-wv \ - Ip- -Xv. (126 hn-am-\-߃- mbn I-gn- bp-]n-f k - m 2012 \n- -bn- hn-e sim- v C- v sh-dpw 36 hn-am-\- ߃ am-{x-am-wv hm-ßp- -Xv. A-Xm-b-Xv, 300% hn-e Iq-Sp- X ) c- m-a-xm-bn, bp- -hn-am- \-ß-f-S- w hn-am-\-\n -am-w- Øn 60 h -j-sø ]-cn-n-bap- F- v-f-f- n-s\ H-gn-hm- n-sb- -Xm-Wv. ]-I-cw, C- ybp-ss {]-Xn-tcm-[-kw-hn-[m-\- Øn \n-t -]n- -s -ts- B tim-sn cq-]-bp-ss `qcn-`m-k-hpw Z-t mƒ- v- -dn-e-b kv F-b-tdm-kv-t]-kv F- I- º-\n h-gn-bm-ipw h-cn-i. C-Xv, Z-t mƒ- pw hy-h-km-b-{]-ap- J A-\n Aw-_m-\n-bp-sS dn-e-b -kv F-b-tdm-kv-{S-Iv- F-, hn-am-\-tam {]-Xn-tcm-[- km-a-{kn-i-tfm \n -Ωn- v bmsxm-cp ap -]-cn-n-b-hp-an- m-ø ÿm-]-\-hpw X-Ωn cq-]-s - Sp-Øp- 49:51 A-\p-]m-X-Ønep- Iq- p-kw-cw-`-am-bn-cn- pw. X-s -bp-a-, Cu I-cm H- n- Sp- Im-e-b-f-hn A-\n Aw-_m-\n-bp-sS G-Xm-s - m I-º-\n-I-fpw I-Sp-Ø I-S-_m- [y-x-bn-em-bn-cp- p. aq-ø-ktlm-z-c Iq-Sn-bm-b ap-ti-jv Aw-_m-\n- v X-s ss-en-timw kw-cw-`-߃, \-hn apw-ss_- bn 125 G- `q-an-bpƒ- -ssbp- B-ÿn-I-f-S- w, tim-sn cq-]- v A-\n ssi-amdp-i-bm-bn-cp- p. a-s m-cp `o-a Ip-Ø-I-bm-b A-Zm-\n {Kq- n- \m-wv A-\n Aw-_m-\n {Kq- n-s A-Sn-ÿm-\-ku-I-cy߃ tim-sn cq-]- v hns m-gn- -Xv. D - m-z-\w Xp-Sßp- -Xn-\p ap-ºp-x-s A- \n Aw-_m-\n-bp-sS h-º ÿm-]-\-am-b dn-e-b -kv ]-h X-I - -Sn- p. cm-py-sø G- -hpw I-S-_m-[y-X-bp- ÿm- ]-\-am-bn dn-t m - v sn-ø-s -Sp- -Xv A-\n Aw-_m-\n {Kq- m-wv. C-Xn-t\m-S-Iw sh-fn-s - hn-p-bv a- y, \o-c-hv tam-zn, sa-lp tnm-iv-kn F- n-h-cpss-sbm-s sam-øw _m-[y-xtb- m-fpw Iq-Sp-X. D-t±-iw H-cp e- w tim-sn-bn-e-[n-iw cq- ]-bp-ss I-S-_m-[y-X A-\n Aw-_m-\n {Kq- n-\p-s - m-wv I-W- m- -s -Sp- -Xv. A- t mƒ, em-`w e- yw sh- p- H-cp hm-wn-py-ÿm-]-\-øn- \pw C-ß-s\-sbm-cp Xo-cp-am-\w H- pw km-[y-am-b-x-. ]n-s F-ß-s\-bm-Wv C- {X-bpw I-S-_m-[y-X-bp-, bmsxm-cp ap -]-cn-n-b-hp-an- m-ø H-cp C- y I-º-\n-sb {]-Xntcm-[-cw-K-sØ X-ß-fp-sS B- Zy-Iq- p-kw-cw-`-øn-\m-bn Z- t mƒ- v sx-c-s -Sp- p-i? C- y k - m-cn-s `m-k-øp- \n- pw \-b-x-{ -k-ω -Z-a-S- w \n-c- -c-\n -_- w C-Xn- \m-bn D- m-bn-cp- p F- v kwi-bn- p-hm-\p- F- m Im-c- W-ß-fp-ap- v. Iq-Sm-sX, Cu Iq- p-kw-cw-`-øn-eq-ss 100 Z-ie- w bq-tdm-bn-e-[n-iw-h-cp- Xp-I \n-t -]n- m-\m-wv Z- t mƒ- v G-hn-tb-j-s ]- - Xn. C- y-bn {]-Xn-tcm-[-ta- J-e-bn H-cp {]-tz-i-øv am- {X-am-bn \-S-Øp- -Xn G- - hpw h-en-b t\-cn- p- hn-tz-i- \n-t -]-am-wn-xv. Cu ]- -Xnbn A-\n Aw-_m-\n X-s `m-kw F-ß-s\ \n-t -]n- pw? tnm-zy-ß-fpw kw-i-b-ß-fpw \n-d-bp-i-bm-wv. dn-t m - p-iƒ kq-nn- n- p- -Xv, tim-sn cq-]-bp-ss Hm-^v-sk- v \n-t - ]-Øn tim-sn-bpw G- sx- n-ep-sam-s X-c-Øn dne-b -kn X-s F-Øn-t cp-sa- m-wv. ]-t, A-Xp am- {X-a-. H-cp {]-txy-i km-º- Øn-I-ta-J-e-bn Cu \n -Znjv-S Iq- p-kw-cw-`w {]-Xn-jvTn- p- -txm-ss, \n-ip-xn-bn-f-hv, Xp- -am-b \n-c- n sh- -hpw ssh-zyp-xn-bpw, I-Ãw-kv A-S- -ap- ]-cn-tim-[-\-i-fn \n- p- C-f-hv, D -]m-z-\ ssek -kp-i-fn \n- p- C-fhv, k -tδm-]-cn sxm-gn \nb-a-߃ ]m-en-t - _m-[y- X-bn \n- p- hn-sp-x Xp- S-ßn-b-h-sbm-s D-d- m- -s - Sp- p. C-Ø-cw t\- -߃ I-W- n-se-sp-øm sam-øw t\- w 45000tIm-Sn cq-]-tbm-fw h- cp-sa- m-wv Nn-e ti-{μ-߃ Agna-Xn ]n- n-cn- ap-x-em-fn-ø kw-hn-[m-\-øn-s ap-j-ap{z A-h-Im-i-s -Sp- -Xv. A-[zm-\n- p- P-\-hn-`m-K-߃, A-Sp- Øn-sS Ip-Xn- p-b-cp- s]- t{smƒ Uo-k hn-e-i-f-s- w, h -[n- p- \n-ip-xn-i-fm \- Sp-shm-Sn- v In-S- p-tºmƒ, h- º Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ k-t m-jtøm-ss _m- v hm-bv-]-i-fn Ip-Sn-»n-J h-cp-øp- p, s]m-xp- P-\-ß-fn -\n- pw ]n-cn- Xp- I Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sn-bv-xv hyh-km-b-kw-cw-`-ß-fn \n-t - ]n- v em-`w sim-øp- p. (\-S- nem-hm-sx t]m-b \n -Zn-jv-S dne-b -kv ]-h-dn-\m-bv Hm-l-cn- tºm-f-øn \n- pw sf-]n-h ap-tj-\ 190 Z-i-e- w tum-f A-Y-hm, 1330 tim-sn cq-]-bm-wv ]n-cn-s -Sp-Ø-Xv.) A-h-sc, hnhn-[ C-f-hp-Iƒ \ -In-bpw, F- m N- -ß-fpw a-dn-i-s- p-sim- v ]p-xn-b tem-wp-iƒ \ - In-bpw, {]-Xn-tcm-[-ta-J-e-bn-e- S- w kw-i-bm-kv-]-z-am-b hn-tzi-k-l-i-c-w-߃ t\-sn-sb-sp- p-hm H-Øm-i sn-bv-xpw k- lm-bn- p- p. H-cp _q -jzm-cm- Py-Øn-se hy-h-km-b {]-ap- J, `-c-w- m, ssk-\n-i ta- [m-hn-iƒ F- n-h X-Ωn-ep- A-hn-ip- Iq- p-si- n-s {]- Xy- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wn-Xv. C- h-cm-wv cm-py-øn-s \-b-߃ cq-]o-i-cn- p- -Xv; ÿm-]n-x Xm-ev-]-cym - w ssk-\n-ih - -c-w-ø-\pw {`m- -am-b B-bp-[-h - -c-w-øn-\p-sams -bm-bn s]m-xp-j-p-\m-hn - \n- v ]-Ww H-gp- p- -Xv. ]-c-kv-]-c-hn-cp- -am-b hm-z-߃ \n-c-øn k-xyw a-d- p-sh- p- p ]-t, K-Xn-sI- v \ym-b-hm- Z-ß-fp-am-bn C-d-ßn-b _n-sp- ]n k - m-cn-s `m-k-øp-\n- pw hym-p-hm-z-߃- v H-cp Ip-d-hp-ap- m-ip- n-. H- m-a- Xm-bn, I-gn- \-hw-_-dn A-h A-h-Im-i-s - -Xv I-gn- tim -{K-kv- -bp-]n-f k - m [m-c-w-bp- m- n-b- Xn-epw F-{X-tbm Ip-d-hm-Wv X- ߃ [m-c-w-bm- n-b hn-e F- -Xm-Wv. Ir-Xy-am-b hn-e hnh-cw Ip-d- p I-gn- v ]p-d-øphn-sp-a-t{x. F- m I-gn- am - n ti-{μ-{]-xn-tcm-[-a- { n cm-py-k-`-sb A-dn-bn- -Xv, k - m-cp-iƒ X-Ωn-ep- I- cm-dn-s A-\p-tO-Zw 10 {]-Imcw, hn-e-bpw a- v c-l-ky-kz-`mh-ap- hn-h-c-ß-fpw ]p-d-øphn-sp- -Xv hn-e- n-bn-cn- p- p F- m-wv. hn-am-\-hp-am-bn _- -s - km-t -Xn-I-Im-cy-߃ cm-py-kp-c- -sb ap -\n -Øn c-l-ky-am- n-sh- p- -Xv bp- n-k-l-am-wv. F- m, ]m - e-sa n I-cm-dp-am-bn _- - s - hym-]m-c-h-i-߃ A-h-Xcn- n- p- -Xn H-cp X-S- -hpan-. k-xy-øn, c- v ap F -Un-F a-{ n-am ]p-d-øphn- H-cp tc-j-bn, A-\n Aw-_m-\n-bp-sS dn-e-b -kv {Kq- v ]p-d-øp-hn- {]-kv-xm-h-\ D- -cn- p- p- v. A-Xp-{]-Im-cw, H-cp hn-am-\-øn-\v 1660 tim-sn cq-]-bm-wv ]p-xp-xm-bn \n- -bn- hn-e. c- m-a-xm-bn, A- v tim-{ m-iv-sv kw-_- -am-bn hn-e-t]-i \-S-Øp- I-Ωn- n-bp-ss `m-k-am-bn-cp-, {]-Xntcm-[-h-Ip- n-se A-Izn-kn-j B-bp-[ C-S-]m-Sp-I-fp-sS ta-j-e-bn-se A-gn-a-Xn, ssi- q-en, I-Ωo-j F- n-h-bp-ss km-[y-x-i-sf {]- Xn-tcm-[-ta-J-e-bn-se hn-tz-i-\n-t -]w kw-i-b-tei-sa-t\y h -[n- n- n- p- v. A-tß-b- w A-gn-a-Xn ]pc- H-cp cm{ ob hy-h-km-b- -ssk-\n-i-k- -c-am- Wv {]-Xn-tcm-[-ta-J-e-sb `-cn- p- -Xv. am-t\-p Iq-Sn-bm-b tpm-bn v sk-{i- -dn, Cu C-S-]m-Sn-se A- Sn-ÿm-\-hn-e-sb- p-dn- v tnm- Zyw D-b -Øp-I-bpw X-s F- Xn - v tc-j-s -Sp-Øp-I-bpw snbv-xn- p- v. A-t±-lw D-b -Ønb H-cp {]-[m-\ F-Xn - v, ]p- Xn-b 36 -hn-am-\ d-t^ C-S- ]m-sn {^- v hn-am-\-øn-\p \n- -bn- A-Sn-ÿm-\-hn-e-sb Ip-dn- m-sw- m-wv ]-d-b-s -Sp- -Xv. C-Xv, ]-g-b 126 hn-am-\ d-t^ [m-c-w-bn-se A-Snÿm-\-hn-e-tb- mƒ h-f-sc Iq-Sp-X B-W-s{X. C-S-]m-Sv Aw-Ko-I-cn- p-hm-\p- Iym- _n-\- v t\m- pw I-cm H- n-sp- -Xpw ssh-in- n- -Xpw C-t±l-Øn-s F-Xn - m-w-t{x. ]n- o-sv, A-Izn-kn-j U-b-d- Iv-S P-\-d F- a-s m-cp D- b - {]-Xn-tcm-[-h-Ip- v D-tZym- K-ÿ Cu F-Xn - p-i-sf A-km-[p-hm- n-b-xn-\p ti-jta ta -\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ ap-t m- p t]m-bp- q. B t\m- v, d-t^ C-S-]m-Sn-s ^-b-en-s `m-k-ambn C-t mƒ Iw-]v-t{Sm-f B - Uv Hm-Un- P-\-d (kn-f-pn) Hm-^o-kn-em-Wv. kn-f-pn ]T- \- -]-cn-tim-[-\-iƒ- p-ti-jw, Un-kw-_-dn ]m -e-sa n-s ssi-xy-im-e-k-tω-f-\-øn dn-t m - v k-a - n-t - mw. am- [y-a-dn-t m - p-iƒ {]-Im-cw, kn-f-pn dn-t m - n Cu t\m- 5 pw A-Xn-se F-Xn - p-i-sf F-ß-s\ Xn-c-kv-I-cn- p F- - Xpw ]-cm-a -in-t - mw. Cu t\m- n-s\- p-dn- v _n-sp-]n k - m H- pw an- p- n-. _nsp-]n k - m-cn-s A-Sp-Ø hm-zw, Iq- p-kw-cw-`-øn-se ]- m-fn-sb sx-c-s -Sp- m-\p- ]q -Æ A-h-Im-iw Z- t mƒ- n-\p am-{x-am-wv F- - Xm-Wv. F- m G-Xv Hm-^vsk- v ]- m-fn-sb-bpw sx-cs -Sp- m k - m A-\pa-Xn th-w-sa- -Xm-Wv Hm-^vsk- v \n-_- -\-bp-ss am -K- \n -tz-i-sa- v Nq- n- m- n hna -i-i C-Xn-s\ tnm-zyw-snøp- p. aq- m-a-xm-bn, ti-{μ-{]- Xn-tcm-[-a-{ n A-h-Im-i-s - -Xv Hm-^v-sk- v I-cm-dp-I-sfm- pw H- n- n- n- F- m-wv. ]-t, dne-b -kn-s -bpw Z-t mƒ- n-s - bpw Iq- p-kw-cw-`w \n-c- -cw ]- {X-{]-kv-Xm-h-\-I-fn-eq-sS hy- -am- p- -Xv, A-h-cm-bn-cn- pw {^- v I-º-\n-bp-sS Hm- ^v-sk- v D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-߃ \n-d-th- p-i F- -Xm-Wv. hm-kv- X-h-Øn, \m-kv-]q A- m-cmjv-{s hn-am-\-øm-h-f-tøm-sv tn - p- an-lm {]-txy-i km-º-øn-i-ta-j-e-bn-se [o-cp- `m-bv Aw-_m-\n F-b-tdm-kv-t]- kv ]m - n Z-t mƒ- v dn-eb -kv G-hn-tb-j en-an- -Uns in-em-ÿm-]-\w, I-gn- H-Iv-tSm-_ A-h-km-\w ti-{μa-{ n \n-xn K-Uv-I-cn, a-lmcm-jv-{s-bn-se _n-sp-]n ap-jya-{ n tz-th-{μ ^-Uv-\m-hn-kv, {^- v {]-Xn-tcm-[-a-{ n ^v-tfmd -kv ]m -en F- n-h-cp-ss km- n- y-øn-em-wv \-S- -Xv. C-S-]m-Sn-s\ {]-Xn-tcm-[n- m-\mbn k - m ]n- o-sv ]-d-bp- - Xv, bp- -hn-am-\ \n -am-w- Øn ]-cn-n-b-an- m-ø-xp-aqew F- v-f-f- n-\v C-S-]m-Sn-\v tbm-ky-x-bn- F- m-wv B-K-kv-Xv 31 h-sc F- v-f-f X-e-h B-bn-cp- Sn.kp-h - Æ-cm-Pp ]-c-ky-am-bn-ø-s Cu hm-z-sø tnm-zyw sn-bv- Xp. F- p-sim- v k-xyw shfn-s -Sp-Øm-\m-bn C-Xp-am-bn _- -s - ^-b-ep-iƒ k - m ]-c-ky-am- p- n- F- pw A-t±-lw tnm-zn- p- p. C- y thym-a-tk-\-bp-ss Ip- -ap-\-bm-b 25 -S kp-tjmbv- 30 F- \m-emw X-e-ap-d bp- -hn-am-\w, A-kw-kv-Ir-X-h-kv- Xp- ƒ Dƒ-s -ss \n -Ωn-s - Sp- p- F- v F F- n-s Imcy-ti-jn-sb F-ß-s\ H-cmƒ- v kw-i-bn- m-\m-ip- p F- pw A-t±-lw tnm-zn- p- p. I-gn- sk-]v- w-_ 18 \v ti- (tijw 6 mw t]pn )

6 6 bqwn n \hw_ 2018 BtKm-foI-c-W \-b-ß-fp-ss h-c-thm-ss \n -Æm-b-Iam-b {]Xn-tcm-[-cw-Khpw Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ- v Xp-d p-sim-spøp (5 mw t]pn \n v) {μ-{]-xn-tcm-[-a-{ n ]-d- -Xv, bp-]n-f k - m-cn-s Im-e- Øp-X-s C-S-]m-Sn -\n- pw F- v-f-f- n-s\ H-gn-hm- n-bn-cp- p F- m-wv. F- m _n-sp- ]n A-[n-Im-c-Øn h- -Xn-\p ti-jw 2015 G-{]n-en-em-Wv C- y-bpw {^m -kpw X-Ωn A- - -k - m I-cm H- psh- p- -Xv F- -Xm-Wv h-kv- Xp-X. Iq- p-kw-cw-`-øn ]- mfn-sb \n- -bn- p- -Xn Z- t mƒ- v Xo-cp-am-\w ssi-s m- -Xn k - m-cn-\v bm-sxmcp ]- p-an-s - -Xm-Wv _n-sp- ]n k - m H-gn- p-am-dm D-]-tbm-Kn- p- a-s m-cp hm-zw. ]-t, C-S-]m-Sn-\v A- y-cq-]w \ -In-b-t mƒ Z-t mƒ- n-s ]- m-fn-bm-bn A-\n Aw-_m- \n-bp-ss t]-cv \n -tz-in- p-sim- v {^- v k - m-cn-\v a- v \n - hm-l-an- m-xm- n-b-xv C- y k - m-cm-wv F-,v A- v {^- v {]-kn-u m-bn-cp- Hm-fmtμ ]-c-ky-am-bn X-s hy- - am- n. {^- v I-º-\n-I-fp-sS C- y-bn-se hy-h-km-b ]- mfn-i-sf \n- -bn- p- -Xn X- ߃ bm-sxm-cp X-c-Øn-epw C- S-s]- n- n- F- v {^- v k - m-cpw B-h -Øn- p- p {^m -kn h- v, C- y {]-[m-\-a-{ n \-tc-{μtam-zn-bpw {^- v {]-kn-u v Hm-fm-tμ-bpw X-Ωn A-S- n- ap-dn-bn \-S-Øn-b Iq-Sn- m-gv- - p ti-j-am-wv C-S-]m-Sv cq- ]-s - -Xv F- m-wv am-[y-a߃ dn-t m - v sn-bv-x-xv. A- v {^m -kn-te- p- {]-[m- \-a-{ n-bp-ss bm-{x-bn {]-Xntcm-[-a-{ n-tbm hn-tz-i-im-cy-a- { n-tbm A-t±-l-sØ A-\p-Kan- p-i-bp- m-bn-. A-\n Aw-_m-\n am-{x-am-wv Iq-sS-bp- m-bn-cp- -Xv. I-gn- sk-]v- w-_ 24 \v U -ln-bn-se _n-sp-]n B-ÿm-\-Øp-sh- v d-t^ {]-iv-\-sø kw-_- n- p- H-cp A-\u-tZym-Kn- I-hm -Øm k-tω-f-\-øn-\n-ss {]-Xn-tcm-[-a-{ n c- v {^- v ]-{X-{]-h -Ø-I-tcm-Sv ]p-d-øpt]m-im B-h-iy-s - -Xm-bpw dn-t m - p-i-fp- m-bn-cp- p. {]- Xy- -Øn X-s A- -em- n-em-b _n-sp-]n t\-xm- -fpw a-{ n-am-cpw C-t mƒ Im-Spw ]- S- pw X- p-i-bpw, _- -an- m- Ø a- p hn-j-b-ß-fn-te-bv- v {i- Xn-cn- m t\m- p-ibpw, d-t^ kw-_- n- p- {]-[m-\-tnm-zy-ß-fn \n- pw H- p-am-dm-\m-bn ]m -e-sa nse {]-[m-\-{]-xn-]- -am-b tim -{K-kp-am-bn a- -bp- w \-S-Øp-I-bp-am-Wv. tim -{K-kpw _n-sp-]n-bpw X-Ωn-ep- I]S-bp w C-cp- C-S-]m-Sp-I-fp-sS-bpw h-º A-gn-a-Xn-I-fp-sS-bpw IpsØm-gp- v tim -{K-kv `-c-w- Im-e-Øpw D- m-bn-cp- p F- - Xv ]-c-ky-am-b c-l-ky-am-wv. `-c-w-ap-x-em-fn-h -K-Øn-s hniz-kv-x tk-h-i-cm-wv tim - {K-kpw _n-sp-]n-bpw. A-h X- Ωn A-[n-Im-c-Øn-\m-bn am- {X-ta t]m-cm- -ap- q. Zp-jn-, a-c-wm-k- -\n-e-bn-ep- ap-xem-fn-øw A-tß-b- w A-gn-a- Xn-{K-kv-X-hpw, k-ºq -W-ambpw P-\-hn-cp- -hpw, Dƒ- m- ºn h-sc {]-Xn-tem-a-I-c-hpw B-Wv. tim -{K-kv B-I-s, _n-sp-]n B-I-s, ap-x-em-fnh -K-Xm - -cy-ß-fp-ss kw-c- -I-cm-b a-t -sxm-cp ]m - nbp-am-i-s, A-gn-a-Xn-bn-epw A- \ym-b-{]-hr-øn-i-fn-epw A-Xn- {I-a-ß-fn-epw-\n- v am-dn-\n - p-i km-[y-a-. tim -{K-kv k - m-cn-s sx- p-i-fn-te- v hn-c Nq- p- -Xv _n-sp-]n k - m-cn-s `m-k-øp \n- p- Kp-cp-X-c-{I-a-t -Sp-Iƒ- p- \ym-bo-i-c-w-a-. A-Xpt]m-se X-s, C-t mƒ B- bp-[ C-S-]m-Sp-I-fn-se {I-a-t - Sp-Iƒ-s -Xn-sc-bpw Ip-Ø-I-ap- X-em-fn-am - v e-`n- p- A- \ -l-am-b t\- -߃-s -Xn-scbpw tim -{K-kv i-_v-z-ap-b - Øp- -Xv bm-sxm-cp cm-jv-{so-b- [m -an-i-x-bp-ss-bpw t]-cn-e-, sx-c-s -Sp- p-cw-k-sø t\- ߃- m-bn P-\-{i- ]n-sn- p- ]- m th- n am-{x-am-wv. d- t^ C-S-]m-Sn-s\-s m- n C- t mƒ tim -{K-kpw _n-sp- ]n-bpw X-Ωn \-S- p-sim- ncn- p- Cu sn-fn-hm-cn-sb-dnb s]m-xp-p-\-sø Xr-]v-Xns -Sp-Øm-\p- H-cp I-]-S-bp- w am-{x-am-wv. ]n- n-cn- ap-x-em-fn-ø kw-hn-[m-\-øn-s ap-j-ap-{z-bm-wv k -h-hym-]n-bm-b A-gn-a-Xn C-hn-sS {]-k- -am-b Imcyw, H-cp tem-i-hy-h-ÿ F- \n-e-bn ap-x-em-fn-øw ]- g- -\pw ]n- n-cn- -\p-am-iptºmƒ hym-]-i-am-b A-gn-a-Xn A-Xn-s ap-j-ap-{z-bm-ip- p. t_m-t^m-gv-kv ]o-c- n, Im - Kn i-h-s - n C-S-]m-Sv, B-K- Ãm sh-ãv-e v, B-Z -iv `-h- \-]- -Xn, C-t mƒ d-t^ F- n-ß-s\ ]p-d-øp-h- p-sim- n-cn- p- Hm-tcm h-º A- gn-a-xn-bpw, ap-x-em-fn-ø C- ybp-ss {]-Xn-tcm-[-ta-J-e A-gna-Xn-bp-sS Iq-Ø-c-ßm-bn am-dnbn-cn- p- p F- -Xm-Wv sx-fnbn- p- -Xv. ti-{μ-_-p- n-s 12% B-bp-[-߃ hm-ßp- -Xn- \pw \n -an- p- -Xn-\pw am- n-sh- p-sim- v, e- - -W- n-\ptim-sn cq-]-bm-wv {]-Xn-tcm-[- ta-j-e-bn C- ym K-hs v sn-e-hn-sp- -Xv. t\-ctø, B-bp-[-ß-fp-sS D-Xv-]m- Z-\w k - m ta-j-e-bp-ss Iogn-em-bn-cp- p. F- m hn-\mi-im-cn-bm-b B-tKm-f-h - -c- W- -D-Zm-c-h - -c-w- -kz-im-cyh - -c-w \-b-߃ \-S- m- n-b-xn-\p ti-jw, {]-Xn-tcm- [w t]m-se-sbm-cp \n -Wm-b- I-ta-J-e `o-a Ip-Ø-I ap-xem-fn-am-c-s-ßp- kz-im-cy-ta-je- m-bn Xp-d- p-sim-sp- p-ibp- m-bn. Cu Zn-i-bn H-cp Np-h-Sp-Iq-Sn sh- p-sim- v, C- y-bn kz-im-cy ta-j-e-bn {]-Xn-tcm-[ D-Xv-]m-Z-\-k-{º-Zmbw kr-jv-sn- p-hm-\pw h-f - Øp-hm-\pw e- yw sh- p-sim- v, {]-Xn-tcm-[ D-Xv-]m-Z-\- Øn X-{ -{]-[m-\ ]- m-fn- Ø-sa- \-b-øn-\v _n-sp-]n k - m Xp-S- w Ip-dn- p. G- sd sim- n-tlm-jn- -s - ta- v C C- y ap-{zm-hm-iy-øns ap-jy Du- -epw {]-Xn-tcm- [-hy-h-km-b-øn-em-bn-cn- pw F- m-wv ti-{μ-k - m hy- -am- n-b-xv. sx-c-s -Sp- Ø C- y I-º-\n-I-fp-sS X- { -]-c-am-b ]- m-fn-øw Cu cw-k-øv A-Xy- m-t]- n-x-amsw- v A-h hm-zn- p. A-Xp am-{x-a-. t\-cn- p- hn-tz-i-\nt -]-Øn-s Im-cy-Øn k- aq-e-am-b D-Zm-c-h - -c-w-hpw 2016 _n-sp-]n k - m {]- Jym-]n- p. A-Xn-s a-d-hn, {]-Xn-tcm-[-a-S- -ap- {]-[m-\ ta-j-e-i-fn 100% hn-tz-i-\nt -]w A-\p-h-Zn- p-sim- v k-ºq -W-hn-tZ-i D-S-a-ÿ-X- pw hm-xn Xp-d- n- p sim- Sp- p-i-bp- m-bn. hn-tz-i-\nt -]w C- m-xn-cp- n- p-x-s, cm-py-øn-s kw-c- -I-cm-Ipsa- p {]-Xo- n- p- D- -X ssk-\n-i-ta-[m-hn-i-fpw, a-{ nam-cpw a- v D-tZym-K-ÿ-{]-am-Wnam-cpw Dƒ-s - F-{X-tbm I- - -fn-iƒ cm-pyw C-Xn-t\m- S-Iw I- p-i-gn- p. A-Ø-cw hn - -\ C-S-]m-Sp-I-fn \n- pw hy- n-]-c-am-b t\- -ap- m- n-sb- -Xn-\v a-{ n-am-cpss t\-tc t]m-epw hn-c Nq- -s - n- p- v. B-bp-[ C-S-]m- Sp-I-fp-sS ta-j-e-bn-se A-gn-a- Xn, ssi- q-en, I-Ωo-j F- n-h-bp-ss km-[y-x-i-sf {]- Xn-tcm-[-ta-J-e-bn-se hn-tz-i- \n-t -]w kw-i-b-te-i-sat\y h -[n- n- n- p- v. A-tßb- w A-gn-a-Xn ]p-c- H-cp cm{ ob hy-h-km-b- -ssk-\n- I-k- -c-am-wv {]-Xn-tcm-[-ta-Je-sb `-cn- p- -Xv. Ip-Ø-I- Iƒ- v ]-W-ap- m- p-hm-\pw em-`w Ip- p-iq- p-hm-\p-am-bn k - m k-t m-j-tøm-ss \n-b-a-߃ D- m- p- p, am- p- p, h-f-s m-sn- p- p. C-Xn-\p ]-I-c-am-bn _n-sp-]n-bpw tim -{K-kpw t]m-se-bp- `- c-w-ap-x-em-fn-ø ]m - n-i-sf A-[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn- m-\pw, A-s - n A-[n-Im-c-Øn-s C-S-\m-gn-I-fn \n-d- p-\n - m-\pw cm-jv-{so-b-am-bpw km- º-Øn-I-am-bpw Cu Ip-Ø-I- Iƒ A-h-sc k-lm-bn- p- p. C-sXm-cp sim-sp- - -hm-ß _- -am-wv. A-Xp-h-gn, Zp-cn-Xß-fn-em- P-\-Øn-s A-hkm-\-sØ Xp- n c- -hpw Du- n-sb-sp-øv \n-d- n-cn- p- s]m-xp-j-p-\m-hn-s\ \n -Zm- n- Wyw sim- -b-sn- p- p. d- t^ C-Xn-s {]-Xy- D-Zml-c-W-am-Wv. a-lm-\m-b am - Iv-kv ]-t ]-d- n- p- v, ""kz-im-cy-xm - -cy-ß-fp-ss {]- Xn-\n-[m-\w..., kzm-`m-hn-i-hpw B-flo-b-hp-am-b F- m hy-xykv-x-x-i-sf-bpw C- m-xm- n, ]-I-cw H-cp {]-txy-i `u-xn-ih-kv-xp-hn-s -bpw, A-Xn-\p A- Sn-a-Ø-tØm-sS Io-gv-s - n-cn- p- H-cp {]-txy-i A- -t_m- [-Øn-s -bpw A-[m -an-i-hpw bp- n-c-ln-x-hpw lr-z-b-iq-\yhp-am-b kw-{k-l-sø ]-I-cw sh- p- p..''(hm Zv sx-^v- v Hm-^v hp-uv C sd-bv-\n-jv sk-xq-ßv) Cu {]-h-n-\w C- s -{X Ir-Xy-am-bn ÿm-]n- s - n-cn- p- p. {]-Xn-tcm-[-s -e-hn-\p- A-an-X-{]m-[m-\yw A -[-{]m-w-cpw, bm-n-icpw, tcm-kn-i-fpw, B-fl-l-Xymap-\-ºn \n - p- -h-cp-am-b P-\-ß-sf-s m- p \n-d- Cu cm-py-øv, k - m aq- p e- w tim-sn cq-], A-Y-hm, _-P- n-s 12.5% Xp-I cm-py- Øn-s ssk-\n-i-ta-z- v h - [n- n- m-\m-bn hn-\n-tbm-kn- p- p F- -Xv {]-txy-iw ]-cn-k- Wn-t - Im-cy-am-Wv. km-º- Øn-I-Ø-I - -bp-ss h -[n- p- Zp-cn-Xw, A-h-iy-km-[-\-ßfp-sS `o-i-c-am-b hn-e-h -[-\, s]-cp-ip- sxm-gn-en- m-bv-a, sxm-gn -\-jv-s-øn-ep- h -[- \, Iq-en sh- n- p-d-bv-, a- v `o-i-c-am-b km-º-øn-i B- {I-a-W-߃ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bn s]- v c- w hm - p Zp-cn-X- b-øn ap-ßp- Z-i-e- ߃- v ]-c-am-h-[n k-lm-bsa-øn- p-i F- A-Sn-b- cm-h-iyw \n-e-\n - p-tºmƒ, bp- -sø-bpw cm-py-kp-c- - p- `o-j-wn-sb-bpw Ip-dn- p- `-bw h-f -Øn, cm-py-{]-xntcm-[-øn-s B-h-iy-Øn-s\- t]-cn hn-`-h-ß-fp-ss `qcn-`m-k-hpw h-i-am- p- -Xn-\m-Wv k - m-cn-s ap -K-W-\-sb- -Xv k-xy-a-t? cm-py-sø P- \-ß-fp-sS G- -hpw Ip-d- A-Sn-ÿm-\ B-h-iy-߃ t]mepw \n-tj-[n- p- -Xn-\m-bn G- sx- n-epw ]-cn-jv-ir-x-k - m Ir-{Xn-a-am-bn {]-tnm-zn- n- bp- -`o-xn-sb D-]-I-c-W-am- m ]m-sp-t m? hm-kv-x-h- Øn Cu bp- -{`m- n-\v Xncn-sIm-fp-Øp- -Xp-X-s cm-py- Øn-\-I-Øv im- n-bpw k-am- [m-\-hpw ]p-e-cp- -Xn-\v hn-lm- X-am-Wv. cm-pyw ]p-d-øp \ns m-cp i-{xp-hn-s B-{I-a-WsØ t\-cn- m -Ø-s, A-gna-Xn \n-d- Nm-th -]- m-f-a-, a-dn- v, ]u-c- m-cp-ss D-Pz-eam-b cm-py-kv-t\-l-am-wv kzm- X-{ y-hpw ]-c-am-[n-im-c-hpw kw-c- n- p-hm-\p- D-d- p- \ -Ip- -Xv F- m-wv N-cn-{Xw ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. A-t mƒ ssk- \n-i-ti-jn h -[n- n- p-simt -bn-cn-t - A-Sn-b- -c B-h-iy-I-X-sb- m-wv? C-Xm- Wv {]-[m-\-tnm-zyw. C-Xn-\v D- Ø-cw I-s -Øp-I A-{X _p- n-ap- - -Xm-\pw. P-\-ßfpsS D-Xv-I-WvT-I-f-pw Xm-Xv-]-cy-ß-fpw AhK-Wn- -s -Sp p ap-x-em-fn-ø-øn-s \n-b-aß-fm -Ø-s kr-jv-sn- -s - A-]-cn-lm-cy-am-b I-tºm-f- {]-Xn-k- n-bn B- p-ap-ßn- n-s- p-i-bm-wv tem-i-sam- msi km-{am-py-xz- -ap-x-em-fn- Øw. \n -Z-b-am-b ap-x-em-fn- Ø Nq-j-W-Øm P-\-ß-fpsS {I-b-ti-jn Ip-Ø-s\ C-Sn- -t mƒ, I-tºm-f-hpw D-b - txm-xn sr-cp- -Øn-embn-s m- n-cn- p- p. Cu kml-n-cy-øn F-ß-s\-bpw {]- Xn-k- n H-gn-hm- p- -Xn-\m-bn km-{am-py-xz- -ap-x-em-fn-ø cm- Py-ß-fn-se `-c-w-ap-x-em-fn-h - Kw, Hm-l-cn- -tºm-øn-se Dul- - -h-s-øn ap-x-en-d- p- I, k-º-zv-l-s-\-sb Iq-Sp-X-embn ssk-\n-i - -cn- p-i Xp- S-ßn-b a- p am -K-߃ kzo-icn- p- p. {]-Xn-k- n \n-d- I-tºm-f-sØ Ir-{Xn-a-am-bn D- tø-pn- n- v ap-x-em-fn-ø k- º-Zv-hy-h-ÿ-sb F-ß-s\-sb- n-epw ap-t m- p sim- p-t]m- Ip-I-sb- A-h-cp-sS B-Xy- (tijw 7 mw t]pn )

7 bqwn n \hw_ 2018 \n-e-\n - n-\m-bn D-g-ep-tºmƒ, am -Iv-kn-s hm- p-iƒ {]-h- N-\-Xp-eyw ÿm-]n- -s -Sp-Ibm-Wv. h - n- p-h-cp- B-{I-a-W-߃-s -Xn-sc P-\-߃ D-W -s -gp-t - -Ww `-c-w-øn-s -bpw A-[n-Imc-Øn-s -bpw D-b - X-e-ßfn i-a-\-an- m-sx h - n- p- Cu A-gn-a-Xn-bp-sS G- -hpw h-en-b Zp-cn-X-^-ew km-º-øn- I-am-bpw km-aq-ln-i-am-bpw [m -an-i-am-bpw kmw-kv-im-cn-iam-bpw, A-\p-`-hn-t - n h-cp- -Xv km-[m-c-w- m-cm-b, A- [zm-\n- p- P-\-ß-fm-sW- - Xv F-Sp-Øp-]-d-tb- Im-cy-an-. X-ß-fp-sS h - n- p- Zpcn-X-ß-fpw Zm-cn-{Zy-hpw, A-Xpt]m-se-X-s ÿm-]-\-h - cn- -s - A-gn-a-Xn-bp-sS `o-j- W-am-b h - -\-hv, ap-x-em-fn- Ø h -K-Xm-Xv-]-cy-Øn-s tk-h-i-cm-b ]m - n-iƒ P-\- Io-bm-h-iy-ß-tfm-Sp ]p-e -Øp- sim-sn-b h- -\, C-Xn-s - sb- mw ]n- n-se k-xyw I- s -Øm P-\-߃- v I-gntb- -Xv A-Sn-b- -cm-h-iy-ambn-cn- p- p. Hm-tcm Zn-h-kw I- gn-bp-t m-dpw, thm- v A-[n-jvTn- X _q -jzm ]m - n-iƒ, {]- txy-in- pw I-]-S-am -Iv-kn-Ãp- I-fm-b kn-]n-sf, kn-]nsf(fw) ]m - n-iƒ ap -]v sx-c-s -Sp- p Xm-Xv-]-cym - w \-S-Øn-bn-cp- sn-dn-b txm-xn-se- n-ep-ap- {]-Xn-tj- [-ap-t - -ß-fn -\n- p-t]m-epw ]n -hm-ßp-i-bm-wv. ]-W-Øns -bpw A-[n-Im-c-Øn-s -bpw {]-tem-`-\w sn-dp- m-\m-hm-ø- Xp aq-ew, ]m -e-sa n-\p-]p-d- Øp- k-a-c-߃ t]m-i-s, Cu h-º A-gn-a-Xn-Iƒ- pw km-º-øn-i-sh- n- p-iƒ- p-sa- Xn-sc ]m -e-sa n-\p- n i- -ap-b -Øm t]m-epw A-h ap -ssi F-Sp- p- n-. t_mt^m-gv-kv A-gn-a-Xn-bp-sS Im-e- Øp-t]m-epw H-cp-]m-Sv H- - m-spw _-l-f-hpw D- m-bn-cp- p. F- m A-Xn-s H-cw-iw t]mepw d-t^ A-gn-a-Xn-bp-am-bn _- -s - v Im-Wm-\m-Ip- n-. F- m F-Xn - pw {]-Xn-tj-[- hpw, ku-ay-am-b {]-kv-xm-h-\- I-fn-tem, ap -Iq- n B-kq-{X- Ww sn-bv-x-xp-t]m-ep- ]-ckv-]-c-\n-μ-bn-tem A-h-km-\n- p- p. F- m C-Ø-cw hr- Øn-sI- I-fn-I-fp-sS \n-»-_v- Z-t{]- -I-cm-bn P-\-߃ Xp- S - m, B-h -Øn- p-simt -bn-cn- p- Cu A-gn-a-Xn hn-[n-ln-x-am-sw- pw A-XpsIm- p-x-s ]-cn-lm-c-an-s - pw I-cp-Xn-bm, A-h-ÿ IqsXm-gn-em-fn-h - cm-{ o-b-øn A-Sn-bp-d- P-\Io-b ap-t - -Øn-eq-sS- am{xta A-gn-a-Xn- v X-S-bn-Sm I-gnbp (6 mw t]pn \n v) n-i-e- y-øn-s k-ω -Z-am- Wn-Xn-\p-]n- n. X-ß-fp-sS A-Sn-a-k - m-cp-i-fn-eq-ss, C- y ap-x-em-fn-h -K-hpw Ir- Xy-am-bn C-tX ]m-x X-s -bm- Wv ]n- p-s-cp- -Xv. tem-i ap- X-em-fn-Ø km-º-øn-i-l-s-\- bp-ss Xo-{h-am-μy-Øn-s -bpw I-tºm-f-{]-Xn-k- n-bp-ss-bpw Cu Zn-\-ß-fn F- m ap-x-emfn-ø-cm-py-ß-fpw ]n- p-s-cp- k-º-zv-hy-h-ÿ-bp-ss ssk-\n- I-h - -c-ww F- Im-cy-]- cn-]m-sn-bp-ss A-hn-`m-Py-L-S-Iam-Wv {]-Xn-tcm-[-cw-K-sØ t\- cn- p- hn-tz-i-\n-t -]w. B- bp-[-\n -am-w-øn-se Cu Ip- Xn- n-s A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn, B-bp-[-ß-fp-sS hn - -\- v H- cp A- m-cm-jv-{s I-tºm-fw D- m-bn-cn- p- p. tãm- v-tlmw C -\m-j-w ]o-kv dn-k - v C -Ãn- yq- v (SIPRI) ]p-d-øphn- dn-t m - v {]-Im-cw, 2012 ap- X 17 h-sc-bp- Im-e-b-fhn sam-øw B-tKm-f B-bp- [ C-d- p-a-xn-bp-ss 12% C- ybp-ts-xm-wv. C-Xv tem-i-øp-xs G- -hpw Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv. A- t mƒ, kz-tz-in-bpw hn-tz-in-bpam-b Ip-Ø-I-I-sf- mw C- ybn-se B-bp-[-\n -am-w-ønepw, am-dn-am-dn h-cp- _q -jzm k - m-cp-i-fp-am-bn Iu-i-e- ]q -hw B-hn-jv-I-cn- p- B- bp-[ C-S-]m-Sp-I-fn-epw A-Xo-h- X-Xv-]-c-cm-bn-cn- pw. tz-io-b-x-bp-ts-bpw tz-i-kvt\-l-øn-s -bpw H-tc-sbm-cp t\-c-h-im-in-iƒ F- p ho-ºnf- p- _n-sp-]n k - m, bp-f-kv km-{am-py-xz-a-s- -ap- h-º ap-x-em-fn-ø-i- n- Iƒ- pw A-h-cp-sS bp- -hn - -\- m-cm-b Iq- _-lp-cmjv-{s-i-º-\n-iƒ- pw F-ß-s\- bm-wv F-sd {]m-[m-\y-hpw kq- v-a-x-bpw th- {]-Xn-tcm-[- cw-k-øv X-{ -]-[m-\-am-b ÿm-\w I-c-ÿ-am- p-hm A-h-k-c-ap- m- n-s m-sp- p- -Xv F- v \-ap- v Im-Wm-hp- -Xm-Wv. C-Xv cm-py-øn-s kp-c- - v I-Sp-Ø `o-j-wnbm-wv kr-jv-sn- p- -Xv. C-ßs\, ap-gp-h {]-Xn-tcm-[-cw-Khpw A-h - v Xp-d- n- p-sim-sp- p- -Xn-eq-sS cm-py-øn-s F- m ssk-\n-i-c-l-ky-ß-fpw B-bp-[-ti-J-c-hpw a- v {]-[m- \-s - ssk-\n-i-hn-h-c-ß-fpw A-h-cp-sS ssi- p-ºn-fn-te- m-hpw F-Øp-I. hn-tz-i-_- w ÿm-]n- p- tz-io-b ÿm-]-\-߃, hn-tz-i-i- n- Iƒ- v B-h-iyw h- m C- y P-\-X- p-ta Nm-c-{]- h -Ø-\-hpw \p-g- p-i-b- - hpw A- n-a-dn-bpw \-S-Øm k- lm-bn-t - mw. C-ß-s\, hn-tzi-k-lm-b-tøm-ss B-[p-\n-I B-bp-[-߃ \n -an- m-t\m hm-ßm-t\m F- t]-cn tzi-kp-c- -bp-ss Im-cy-Øn Kp-cp-X-c-am-b hn- p-ho-gv- sn-øptºmƒ, B-bp-[-hym-]m-cn-I-fptS-bpw h-º tim - -td- p-ifp-ts-bpw ]-W-k- n \n-d-bv- ptºmƒ, A-Xv cm-py-sø i-{xp- ƒ- v hn - p- -Xn-\v Xp-eyam-Ip- p. km-º-øn-im-h-iy-øn-\p ]p-d-ta C- y _q -jzm-kn- v H-cp cm-jv-{so-bm-h-iy-hp-ap- v. C- y ap-x-em-fn-h -Kw km-{am-py-xz-kz-`m-hw B - n- v {]m-tz-in-i h -i- n-bm-bn D-b - p-h-cm B-{K-ln- p- p F- v cm-jv-{so-b km-º-øn- I-im-kv-{X-Øn-s F- m hn- Zym - n-iƒ- pw A-dn-bmw. A- t mƒ km-º-øn-i-i- n- p ]p-d-ta A-Xn-\v ssk-\n-i-i- n Iq-Sn D-b -Øn- m-t - - Xp- v. A-tX-k-a-bw X-s, A-h - v bp-f-kv A-S- -ap- km-{am-py-xz h -i- n-i-fp-ambn ku-lr-zw ÿm-]n-t - - Xp-ap- v. C-Xn-\m-bn ssk-\n-ih - -cn- -s - k-º-zv-l-s-\- bp-ss ta-j-e-bn k-l-i-cn- p-i-bpw A-Xp-h-gn, X-ß-fp-sS ^n-\m -kv aq-e-[-\w hn-tz-i-itºm-f-ß-fn \n-t -]n- m-\p- A-h-k-c-ap- m- p-i-bpw, a- p cm-py-ß-fn B-bp-[-ßf-S- -ap- N-c- p-iƒ hn - p- -Xn-\p- C-f-hp-Iƒ t\- Sn-sb-Sp- m {i-an- p-i-bpw sn-øpw. Cu D-t±-i-tØm-sS, C- y _q -jzm k - m km- {am-py-xz h -i- n-i-tfm-ssm- w ÿn-c-am-bn kw-bp- ssk-\n-im-`ym-k-ß-fn ]-s - Sp- m-dp-ap- v. bp-f-kv, bp-si, {^m -kv, P -a-\n Xp-S-ßn-b km-{am-py-xz-i- n-i-fp-am-bn km-º-øn-i-[m-c-w-iƒ, B- W-h-I-cm-dp-Iƒ, ssk-\n-i D- S-º-Sn-Iƒ F- n-h-sbm-s D- m- n A-Sp- w h-f -Øm C- y-bn-se `-c-w-ip-ø-i-isf \n -_- n-x-cm- p- km- º-Øn-I- -cm-jv-{so-b-k-ω -Zw B-Wn-Xv. a-lm-\m-b se-\n H-cn- \n-co- n- p:""...ip-ø- I-h - -c-w-øn-\p ap-ºp- ap-x-em-fn-øw I-fn-em-Wv A-Xv A-Xn-s aq - -\y-z-i-bnse-øn-b-xv- -A-Xn-s A-Snÿm-\-]-c-am-b km-º-øn-i- [m-c-i-fp-ss- -Cw- - n-epw A-tacn- -bn-ep-am-wv A-Xn-s k- hn-ti-j-am-b B-hn-jv-I-c-Ww I- -Xv- kzm-[o-\w aq-ew k- am-[m-\-tøm-spw kzm-x-{ ytøm-spw Xm-c-X-tay-\ ]-c-am-h- [n Xm-Xv-]-cyw Im-Wn- p F- - Xv A-Xn-s\ hy-xy-kv-x-am- p- p. a-dp-h-i-øv C-cp-]-Xmw \q- m-t m-sp-iq-sn am-{xw ]-Iz-amb km-{am-py-xzw, A-Xm-b-Xv Ip-Ø-I-ap-X-em-fn-Øw, k-am- [m-\-tøm-spw kzm-x-{ ytøm-spw h-f-sc Ip-d- v Xm-Xv- ]-cyw am-{xw Im-Wn- p-i-bpw ssk-\n-i-h - -c-w-øn-s k -Δ-hym-]n-bm-b hn-im-ktøm-sv ]-c-am-h-[n Xm-Xv-]-cyw {]-I-Sn- n- p-i-bpw sn-øp- p''(sxm-gn-em-fn-h -K-hn-π-hhpw h -K-h- -I-\m-b Iu-Sv-kv- In-bpw) C- v N-cn-{X-Øn-s A-\n-hm-cy-am-b ]m-x-bn-eq-ss k- -cn- v ap-x-em-fn-øw A-Xns a-c-w-ap-j-sø-øp-i-bpw, A-km- m -Kn-I-hpw A-[m -an- I-hpw tkz- m-]-c-hp-am-b F- m am - -ß-fpw A-h-ew-_- pw, A-gn-a-Xn N-hn- p-]-sn-bm- n-bpw ]pxn-b a-zy-\n Ωm-W ^m-œ-dn-iƒ Xp-d- m-\p- Xo-cp-am-\w ]n -h-en- -W-sa- v B-h-iy-s p-sim- v sk]v-xw-_ 28\v F-kvbp-kn-sF(I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv) ]m - n-bp-ss B-`n-ap-Jy-Øn sk-{i-t -dn-b- n-\v ap -]n \-S- {]-Xntj-[ ]-cn-]msn 7 Sp-X h-j-fm-hp-i-tb D- q. ap-x-em-fn-øw Iq-Sp-X {]-Xnk- n-{k-kv-x-am-ipw. A-[zm-\n- p- P-\-e- -߃ Iq-Sp- X sr-cn- -s -Sp-I-bpw A- ]-am-\n- -s -Sp-I-bpw sn-øpw. A-tX-k-a-bw-X-s, H-cp kw- Lw X- n- p-im, C-Ønƒ- - Æn-Iƒ, A-gn-a-Xn- m, tnmc-bq- n- p-sn- p- -h, bm-sxmcp in- m-`o-xn-bp-an- m-sx hn- P-b-t`-cn ap-g- n ap-t m- p-t]m- Ipw. Xo - -bm-bpw A-Xv A-\ph-Zn- m ]m-sn-. ap-x-em-fn- Øw \n-e-\n - p- Im-etØm-fw t_m-t^m-gv-kpw d-t^epw t]m-se-bp- Iq-Sp-X kw-`-h-߃, Nn-e-t mƒ C-Xnepw Iq-Sn-b hym-]v-xn-bn-epw A- f-hn-epw D- m-ip-sa- -Xm-Wv k-xyw. B-h-iy-am-b F- m D- ]m-[n-i-fpw \n-d-th- n-s m- v, D-Nn-X-am-b {]-{In-b bp- n-]q - hw ]q -Øo-I-cn- v, ap-x-em-fn- Ø-sØ hn-π-h-i-c-am-bn ]p-d- Øm- p- -Xn-eq-sS am-{x-ta ÿm-bn-bm-b ]-cn-lm-c-ap- mhp-i-bp- p F- -Xpw k-xy-am- Wv. F- m A-\p-tbm-Py-amb k-a-b-øv A-Xv kw-`-hn- p- -Xp-h-sc, t -in- p- {]- p-_v-[-cm-b ]u-c- m - v {]- Xn-tcm-[w Xo - m km-[n- n- F- -. C-hn-sS-bm-Wv B- h-iy-am-b {]-_p- -X t\-sn-sb- Sp-t - -Xpw, B {]-_p- -X sx-fn- i-cn-bm-b ]m-x-bn-eqss ap-t m- p t]m-ti- -Xpw {]- [m-\-am-hp- -Xv. Cu {]-_p- - X H-cn- t\-sn-sb-sp-øm, A-gn-a-Xn-bp-tS-bpw A-\ym-b-{]- hr-øn-i-fp-ts-bpw Cu IpsØm-gp- n-s\-xn-tc i- -am-b {]-Xn-tcm-[-am-bn {]-h -Øn- m F-ß-s\ km-[y-am-hpw F- -Xp sh-fn-hm-ipw. D-b -, sxm-gn-em-fn-h -K aq-ey-t_m-[- Øn-epw kw-kv-im-c-øn-epw [m -an-i-x-bn-epw i-cn-bm-b t\- Xr-Xz-Øn-\p-Io-gn-epw A-Sn-bp-d-, sf-iy- -kw-l-sn-x-ap-t - - Øn-s cq-]-øn Zr-Vo-I-cn-, P-\-Io-b-i- n-bp-ss I-cp- Øm-W-Xv. Cu _-lp-p-\-apt - -Øn-s A- -co- -am-wv, Cu ap-t - -Øn-s Po-h-ssN- X-\yw ]-cn-t]m-jn- n- p- Nn- m-a-wv-u-e-am-wv, A-gn-a-Xn- Iƒ- pw X- n- p-iƒ- p-sa-xnsc Im-cy- -a-am-b {]-Xn-tcm- [w Xo - p-i. C-Xm-Wv \-ΩpsS ]m - n \n-c- -cw B-h-iys - p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. F- m hy-xym-k-ß-fpw am- n-sh- v tbm-pn- v ap-t m- p h- p-sim- v, A-\n-hm-cy-am-b Cu ap-t - -Øn-s Ip- -ap-\-bm-im H- pw ssh-i-cp-sx- v H-cn- -Iq- Sn R-߃ P-\-ß-tfm-Sv B- lzm-\w sn-øp- p.

8 8 bqwn n \hw_ 2018 B-[m ]- -Xn: ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿ-bp-ss kp-c- -bv- m-bp- `o-xn-p-\-i-am-b Im-h? G-sd {]m-[m-\y-ap- H-cp hn-jb-sa- \n-e-bn \-Ωƒ Po-hn- p- km-l-n-cyw, Cu ]- -Xn h- ]- m-ø-ew, B-cp-sS Xm-ev-]-cym - w F- v e- y-tøm-ss C-Xv B-hn-jv- -cn- -s - p Xp-S-ßn-b Im-cy-ß-sfms ]-cn-tim-[n-t - -Xp- v. B-{I-a-tWm- p-i-am-b ap-x-em-fn-øw \n -±-b-am-b ap-x-em-fn-ø Nq-j-W-Øm sr-cn- -a-cp- I-bm-Wv cm-pyw F- -Im-cyw X - -a- -Xm-Wv. F-Iv-ssk-kv Xo-cp-h-bn \n- m-c Ip-d-hp-hcp-Ø-b-Xn-\p-]n- m-se ho- pw s]-t{sm-fn-bw D-ev-]- -ßfp-sS hn-e Ip-Xn- p-b-cp-i-bm- Wv. km-[-\-ß-fp-ss hn-e-bpw h - n- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. tem- u- pw te-hm-^p-sa- mw hy-h-km-b cw-k-øv sxm-gn-en- m-bv-a s]-cp- p- p. bp-hm- fp-ss `m-hn C-cpƒ-aq-Sp- p. H- cp-]n-sn A-Xn-k-º- -cpw _-lp- `q-cn-]- w-h-cp- Z-cn-{Z-cpw C- S-Ø-c- m-cp-sa- \n-e-bn-ep- A- -cw h - n- p-i-bm-wv. t{s-uv bq-wn-b -A-h-Im-i߃ \- -s -Sp- p. A-fl-l- Xy-bn- A-`-bw I-s -Øp-Ibm-Wv I -j-i. A-h-cp-sS {]- Xn-tj-[-߃ A-Sn- -a -Ø-s - Sp- p. s] -hm-wn-`-hpw _- em -kw-k-ß-fp-sam-s s]-cp- Ip- p. Ip- n-iƒ- pw c- -bn- m-xm-bn-cn- p- p. N-cn-{Xw h- f-s m-sn- pw A- -hn-izm-k߃ ]-S -Øn-bpw P-\-a-\- p- I-sf hn-j-en-]v-x-am- p-i-bm- Wv. im-kv-{xo-b- -a-tx-x-c- -P-\m- [n-]-xy- hn-zym-`ym-kw C- m-bva sn-ø-s -Sp- p. P-\-ß-fn hn-`m-ko-b-x-bpw kv-] - -bpw h-f -Øp-I-bm-Wv. \yq-\-]- ߃- pw Z-en-Xp-Iƒ- p-sa-xnsc hn-tzz-jw h-f -Øp- p. hwi-øn-s -bpw `m-j-bp-ss-bpw t]-cn-epw i-{xp-x ]-S -Øp- p. Nq-j-W-Øn-\pw A-\o-Xn- psa-xn-sc s]m-cp-xp-i -am-{x-ta t]mw-h-gn-bp- p F- n-cn-s C- sx- mw A-Xn-\v hn-e-ßp-x-sn-bmbn am-dp-i-bm-wv. B-[m-dn-se kp-{]ow-tim-s-xn hn-[n Cu ]- m-ø-e-øn-em-wv B-[m hn-j-b-øn-ep- kp- {]ow tim-s-xn hn-[n h-cp- -Xv. 27 dn- v l -Pn-I-fn am-k-ß \o- hm-z-߃-s m-sp-hn 2018 sk-]v-xw-_ 26\v h- hn-[n ]-cp- p-i-tfm-ss-bp- -Xmbn-cp- p. B-[m (km-º-øn-ihpw a- p-am-b k-_-vkn-un-iƒ, B-\p-Iq-ey-߃, tk-h-\- ߃) \n-b-aw 2016 `-c-w-l-s- \m-]-c-am-bn km-[p-hm-sw- v kp-{]ow tim-s-xn s_- n-se A- n \m-ev P-Uv-Pn-am-cpw hn- [n- -t mƒ P-kv- n-kv Un.ssh.- N-{μ-Nq-Uv C-Xv `-c-w-l-s-\-bpss 110 mw h-ip- n-\v hn-cp- -ambn- p- -Xpw d-±m- -s -ts- -Xpam-sW- v A-`n-{]m-b-s - p. t -a-]- -Xn-I-fn B-\p- Iq-ey-߃ In- m-\pw B-Zm-b- \n-ip-xn tc-j k-a - n- m-\pw B-[m \n -_- -am-wv. ]m - Im -Up-am-bn B-[m _- n- n- -Ww. _m- v A- u- v, sam-ss_ t^m I-W-, kz-im-cy-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpss tk-h-\-߃, \o- v, bp-pnkn, kn-_n-f-kv-kn ]-co- - Iƒ F- n-h-bv- v \n -_- -a-. H-cp sh-sn- v c- p ]- nsb ho-gv-øn-b hn-z-kv- -am-b hn- [n-sb- v C-Xn-s\ H-cp -hn-`m-kw am- y-a-߃ hm-gv-øn. "`-c-wsø kw-_- n- B-[p-\n-I Im-gv-N- m-sv D-b -Øn- n-sn- ptºmƒ-ø-s hn-a -i-i-cp-ss hm-b-s- n- p-i-bpw _-l-f- m - v A-ev-]w a-[p-cw ]-I - v Xr-]v-Xn-s -Sp-Øp-I-bpw snøp- hn-[n-'sb- m-wv A-h hn-ti-jn- n- -Xv. A-sX- mw P- \-߃ Xo-cp-am-\n- -s! ap-x-em-fn-øw kr- n- p- G-sX- n-epw {]-iv-\-߃- v C-Xv ]-cn-lm-c-am-ip-tam? H-cp sxm-gn c-ln-x-\v C-XpsIm- v F- v t\- w? I-S-s - Wn-bn -s - I -j-i-\v F- s - n-epw B-izm-kw? tnm-zy߃ \n-c-h-[n-bp- v F-s - nepw ]-cn-lm-c-ap- m-ip-tam F- -Xm-Wv {]-[m-\w. A-Xv ]-cntim-[n- p- -Xn-\p-ap-ºv H-cp Im-cyw kq-nn- n- m-\p- v G-{]n 1s 't{]m-en-t -dn-b C-d'bn B-[m-dn-s hn-h-[ h-i-߃ R-߃ hn-i-i-e-\w sn-bv-xn-cp- p. A-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw ]-e hn-j-b-ß-fpw D- mbn- p- v. A-h-Iq-Sn I-W- n-se- Sp-Øp-sIm- m-wv Cu te-j- \w X-øm-dm- n-bn- p- -Xv. tim -{K-kv \-bn- ap -Kh -sa n-s kr- n-bm-b B- [m B-\p-Iq-ey-߃ A -l- X-s - -h - v t\-cn-s -Øn- p- kw-hn-[m-\-sa- m-wv B- kq-{x-w-i-ωo-j hn-ti-jn- n- -Xv. B-[m C- m-ø-xpsim- m-twm A-tXm `-c-wkw-hn-[m-\-øn-se A-gn-a-Xn-aqew A-{]-Xy- -am-bn-t m-b-xpsim- m-twm B-\p-Iq-ey߃ A -l - v e-`n- m-xn-cp- -Xv? B-[m h-cp- -txm-ss C-Xn-s\- mw I-Sn- m-wn-sm I-gn-bp-tam? P-\-߃- v Nn- d B-\p-Iq-ey-߃ \ -Im-\mtWm A-tXm am-\y-am-b -h-cpam-\-am -Kw I-s -Øn A- m-bn Po-hn- m P-\-ß-sf {]m-]v-x-cm- p- ]- -Xn-Iƒ X- øm-dm- m-\m-twm B-kq-{X-W- I-Ωo-j F- tnm-zy-hpw {]- k- -am-wv. A-Sn-ap-Sn A-gn-a-Xn \n-d- `-c-w-kw-hn-[m-\-øn- \p-ap- n H-cp Im -Up-am-bn sx- n-øn-cn-bm-\m-twm B- [m sim- p-h- n-cn- p- -Xv? B-[m \-S- n-em- m-\p- A- txm-dn- n-bp-ss X-e- -Øv bp-]n- F `-c-ww {]-Xn- n- -Xv H-cp tim - -td- v ta-[m-hn-bpw tim -{K-kv-Im-c-\pw ap-x-em-fnh - -Øn-s h- m-e-øp-im-c- \p-am-b F.\n-te-I-\n-sb-bm- Wv A-h \m-j-w sf-u n-^n-t -j A-tXmdn- n Hm-^v C- y _n ]m - e-sa- n A-h-X-cn- n-s - nepw ]m -e-sa v Ãm -Unw-Kv I-Ωn- n A-Xv Aw-Ko-I-cn- n-. ""e- yw hy- -a- '',""Zn-imt_m-[-an- '',""B-i-b- p-g- w kr- n- p- -Xv'' F-s m-s bm-wv Ãm -Unw-Kv I-Ωn- n hne-bn-cp-øn-b-xv. ""A-[m -an-ihpw ]m -e-sa n-s A-[n-Imc-߃ ew-ln- p- -Xp-am-Ibm Cu ]- -Xn Xp-S-cm-\mhn-s '' pw I-Ωn- n A-`n-{]mb-s - p. ]m -e-sa n-\v ]p-d- Øpw \n-c-h-[n hn-a -i-\-ßfpw {]-Xn-tj-[-ß-fpw D-b - ph- n-cp- p. F- m-bm-epw, bm-sxm-cp \nb-a-{]m-_-ey-hpw ]-cn-tim-[-\- bp-an- m-sx tim -{K-kv `-c- Ww C-Xv P-\-ß-fp-sS-ta A- Sn-t - n- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. C- y ap-x-em-fn-h - w am-{x-a- A-ta-cn- ap-x-em-fn-h -Khpw Cu ]- -Xn \-S- n-em-ip- p-t m F- Im-cy-Øn H- p-iyw Im-Wn- n-cp- p. tim -{K-kv ap-x-em-fn-h -K Xmev-]-cym - w \-S- n-em- n-b ]- -Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. tim -{K-kns\ hn-a -in- p-sim- v A-[n- Im-c-Øn -h- _n-sp-]n-bpw H-cp _q -jzm- ]m - n- F- \ne-bn B ]m-x-x-s ]n- p- S - p. tim -{K-kv `-c-w-ønse {I-a-t -Sp-Iƒ ]-cn-l-cn- p- p-sh- pw `-c-w-øn kp- Xm-cy-X D-d- p-h-cp-øp- p-sh- p-sam-s ho-ºn-f- n-s m- v \-tc-{μ tam-zn K-h -sa v 2016 B-[m _n tem-ivk-`-bn ]m- m- n. C-Xv H-cp [-\-Im-cy _n- m-b-xn-\m cm- Py-k-`-bn A-h-X-cn- n-t - - Xn-s - m-bn-cp- p A-h-cp-sS \n-e-]m-sv. cm-py-k-`-bn A- h \yq-\-]- -am-b-xn-\m-em- Wv C-ß-s\-sbm-cp Ip-dp- p-hgn kzo-i-cn- -Xv. A-Xp-h-gn A- h cm-py-k-`-bp-ss A-h-Im-i߃ \n-tj-[n- p-i-bpw A-Xns\ A-]-am-\n- p-i-bp-am-wv sn-bv-x-xv. Cu \-S-]-Sn Nq- n- m-wn- p-sim- m-wv P-Ãn-kv N-{μ-Nq- Uv hn-tbm-p-\- p-dn-s -gp-xn-b- Xv. "[-\-Im-cy _n- v A- m-ø H- n-s\ A-ß-s\ hn-ti-jn- n- p-sim- v ]m- m- n-sb-sp- p- -Xv `-c-w-l-s-\-bp-ss A-Snÿm-\ {]-am-w-ß-fp-ss-x-s ew-l-\-am-wv' F- pw "cm-pyk-`-sb a-dn-i-s- -cp-xv' F- pw A-t±-lw Hm -an- n- p. B-[m-dn-s am - w Zp-jv-I-c-am-bn-cp- p B-[m-dn-s h-gn H- pw kp- K-a-am-bn-cp- n-. A-Xn-s `-c- W-L-S-\m-]-c-am-b km-[p-x tnm-zyw-sn-bv-xv \n-c-h-[n dn- v l -Pn-Iƒ kp-{]o-tim-s-xnbn h- p. ssh-ip- \o-xn \n-tj-[n- -s -Sp- \o-xn-bmsw- v _q -jzm- \o-xn-\ym-bwt]m-epw Aw-Ko-I-cn- p- p- v. F- m cm-py-sø _m-[n- p- H-cp hn-j-b-øn kp-{]owtim-s-xn C-g-bp-I-bm-bn-cp- p. k - m-cm-i-s F- m A-S-hp- I-fpw ]-b- n-s m- v Iq-Sp-X ta-j-e-i-fn B-[m _m-[-iam- n-s m- n-cp- p. A-h-km- \ hn-[n h-cp- -Xp-h-sc B-\p- Iq-ey-߃- v B-[m \n -_- -am- -cp-sx- v C-S- m-e hn- [n-iƒ h- p-sim- n-cp- p. K- h -sa v C-Xv h-i-h- -tx-bn-. tim-s-xn C- m-cy-øn K- h -sa n-s\ Ip- -s -Sp-Øn-bpan-. F- p-am-{x-a- A-h-km- \ hn-[n-bn k - m-cn-s\ {]- iw-kn- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xp. dn- v l -Pn-I-sf a-dn-i-s- m-\m-bn-cp- n-t K-h -sa v Cu {i-aß-sf- mw \-S-Øn-b-Xv? k-aql-øn-se A-cn-Ip-h - -cn- s - P-\-hn-`m-K-߃- v hy- n-xzw {]-Zm-\w sn-øm-\pw Zpcn-X-߃- v ]-cn-lm-c-ap- m- p- -Xn A-h-sc i- n-s - Sp-Øm-\pw B-[m D-]-I-cn- p F- v A-h-km-\-hn-[n-bn kp- {]ow-tim-s-xn ]-d- p. C- mcyw Ku-c-h-]q -Δw ]-cn-tim-[nt - -Xp- v. tim - -td- p-iƒ- p-th- n sa-\- B-[m ]m-h-s - -h-cn-te-b- v B- \p-iq-ey-߃ F-Øn- p- - Xn B-[m F-{]-Im-c-am-Wv D-]-tbm-K-s -Sp-I F- tnm-zy- Øn-\v A-Xn-s D-]- m-xmhm-b \n-te-i-\n 2009 ]-d- a-dp-]-sn(z ln-μp) ""C-hsb- mw \ym-b-am-b B-i- -Ifm-Wv, A-h-bv-s m-s s]m-xpk-aq-l-øn-epw \n-b-a-ß-fn-epw ]-cn-lm-cw I-s -tø- -Xp- v'' F- -t{x. A-Xm-b-Xv B- i- -Iƒ A-t m-gpw A-h-ti-jn- p- p, A-Xv A-]-cn-lm-cy-ambn Xp-S-cp- p F- - w. B-[m hn-j-b-øn "kz- Im-cy-X'-bp-sS {]-iv-\-ap-s - Im-cyw ssa-t{im-tkm-^v- v ÿm-]-i _n -tk- v-kv \ntj-[n- p- p. G-Xm- v H-cp ]- Xn- m- n-\p-ti-jw H-cp A-`n-ap- J-Øn-em-Wv(\yq-kv 18, 2018 B-K-Ãv 10) A-t±-lw C-Xv \ntj-[n- -Xv. a-s m-cp cm-py-sø, C-hn-sS C- y-bn-se, km-l-ncy-߃ i-cn-bm-bn a-\- n-em- m-sx-bpw b-ym - {]-iv-\- ߃ A-dn-bm-sX-bp-am-bn-cp- p A-t±-l-Øn-s A-`n-{]m-b-{]- I-S-\w. kz-im-cy G-P -kn-ifn -\n- p am-{x-a- k - m G-P -kn-i-fn -\n- pw B- [m hn-h-c-߃ tnm-cp- p- v. tk- v-kv C-sX- mw \-S- m- -ense {]-iv-\-ß-fm-bn am-{xw Im- Wp- p. F- m, ^-e-{]-z-amb hn-h-c kw-c- -W \n-b-aw C-s - Im-cyw kp-{]o-tim-s- Xn-bp-sS A- n-a hn-[n-bn-epw k-ω-xn- p- p- v. B-[m h-cp- -Xv C- y-bnepw ]p-d-øp-ap- ap-x-em-fn-h - -Øn-s C- -]- -Xn F- \ne-bn-em-wv. A-h-cp-sS sx-cs -Sp- -s - {]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw Zm-ky-Øn-ep- `-c-w-i- n-i-fp-sam-s A-Xn ]- mfn-i-fm-ip- p. ap-x-em-fn-h - tk-h-bp-ss Im-cy-Øn-em-Wv C- h-cp-ss-sb- mw Xm-ev-]-cyw k- a-\z-bn- p- -Xv. kz-im-cy-x: Po-hn-X-Øn-s -bpw hy- n kzm-x-{ y-øn-s -bpw k-l-pmw-iw B-[m hn-h-c-߃ \n-c- cw tnm-cp- -Xn-eq-sS sx-fn-bn- -s -Sp- -Xv kz-im-cy-x A-]- I-S-Øn-em-sW- p-x-s -bm-wv. `-c-w-l-s-\-x-s, kz-im-cy-xbv- p-ta `-c-w-iq-sw \-S-Øp- G-I-]- o-b-hpw \n-b-a-hncp- -hp-am-b ssi-i-s-ø-en - \n- v hy- n- v kw-c- -Ww \ -Ip- p- v. `-c-w-l-s-\-bpss 21 mw A-\p-t -Z-Øn C- (tijw 9 mw t]pn )

9 bqwn n \hw_ B-[m P\߃- v aq- p-i-b-dn-sp- am-c-im-bp[w (8 mw t]pn \n v) Xv hy- -am-bn ]-d- -n- p-s - v kp-{]o-tim-s-xn hy- -am- nbn- p- -Xm-Wv.(cm-P-tKm-]m sh-gv-k-kv X-an-gv-\m-Sv K-h sa v, 1994, ]n-bp-kn-f shgv-k-kv C- y bq-wn-b, 1996) I-gn- -h -jw kp-{]owtim-s-xn-bp-ss H-º-Xw-K s_- v ]p-d-s -Sp-hn- hn-[n-bn-epw kzm-imcy-x-bv- p- A-h-Imiw au-en-im-h-im-i-am-sw- v F-Sp-Øp-]-d-bp- p. _m- v A- u- pw ]m Im -Up-sa- mw B-[m-dn-s _- tbm-sa-{sn-iv hn-h-c-ß-fp-am-bn _- n- n- p- -Xn-eq-sS hy- n-bp-ss `u-xn-i-hpw km-º- Ø-n-I-hp-sam-s -bm-b ap-gph hn-h-c-ß-fpw B-[m-dn ti-j-cn- -s -Sp-I-bm-Wv. ]-gp- Xn- m-ø H-cp hn-h-c kw-c- - W-kw-hn-[m-\w \n-e-hn-ep-s - n am-{x-ta hn-h-c-ß-fp-ss tnm - -tbm tam-j-w-tam H- s X-S- v kz-im-cy-x kwc- n- m I-gn-bq. C-Xv kpc- n-x-am-sw- v K-h -sa v B-h -Øn- v B-W-bn-Sp- ps - n-epw B-[m-dn-\v A-ßs\-sbm-cp "i- -am-b' hn-h-ckw-c- -W kw-hn-[m-\-an- F- m-wv kp-{]ow tim-s-xn-x-s k-ω-xn- p- -Xv. _m- v A- u- n-\pw Hm -sse _m- n-ßn-\p-sam-s C-Xv \n -_- -a- m-xm- n-bn- p- v. F- m C-Xn-\-Iw ti-j-cn- hnh-c-ß-fp-ss ÿn-xn F- m-wv? hn-h-c-߃ C-Xn-\-Iw tnm - n- p-s - n B-cv k-am-[m- \w ]-d-bpw? C-Xv Zp-cp-]-tbm- Kw sn-ø-s - n- n- F- v F- m- Wp-d- v? \n-b-a-\n -Ωm-W-Øneq-sS kp-{]ow-tim-s-xn-hn-[n A- km-[p-hm- n _m- v A- u- n-\pw sam-ss_ t^m I-W- -\pw B-[m ho- pw \n -_- -am- -W-sa- A-`n- {]m-b- m-c-\m-wv ti-{μ-[-\-imcy-a-{ n. kz-im-cy G-P -kn- Iƒ- v B-[m hn-h-c-߃ e- `n- p- -txm-ss hy- n-bp-ss cmjv-{so-b-_- w Dƒ-s -ss-bp- Im-cy-߃ a-\- n-em- m I- gn-bp-sa- v P-Ãn-kv Un-ssh N- {μ-nq-uv Nq- n- m-wn- p- p. C-Xv ]-cn-k-wn- p-sim- m-wv B-[m \n-b-a-øn-se, kz-imcy G-P -kn-iƒ- v B-[m hn-h-c-߃ e-`y-am- p- 57- mw h-ip- v kp-{]ow-tim-s-xn d-±m- n-b-xv. C-Xv kz-im-cy G-Pk -kn-i-fp-ss Im-cy-Øn am- {Xw a-xn-tbm? ti-{μ-k-h sa v A-Sp-Øn-sS ap-xn - Nne a-\p-jym-h-im-i {]-h -Ø- I-sc "\-K-c -\-Iv-k-ep-Iƒ' F- v ap-{z-ip-øn-s m- v A-d-ÃpsN-bv-X-Xpw tbm-kn B-Zn-Xy-\m- Yv `-cn- p- bp-]n-bn-se G- pap- sim-e-]m-x-i-ß-fpw A- Sp-Øn-sS H-cp _n-kn-\-kv ta- [m-hn sim- -s - -Xp-sam-s hn-c Nq- p- -Xv k - m-cpw t]m-eo-kp-sam-s B-[m hnh-c-߃ Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sn-bv- Xv F-Xn-cm-fn-I-sf A-a - -snøp- p-s - pw A-h-sc-bpw B-[m hn-h-c-߃ ti-j-cn- p- -Xn -\n- v hn-e- -W-sa- p-am-wv hn-zym-`ym-kÿm-]-\-ß-fp-sam-s -bm-bn _- -s K-h -sa v sh- _v-ssk- p-iƒ B-[m A-S- ap- hy- n-k-x hn-h-c-߃ {]-kn- -s -Sp-Øn-bn-cp- p. B- [m A-tXm-dn- n C-Xv k-ω-xn- p-i-bpw X-ß-f- A-Xv snbv-x-sx- v ]-d- v ssi-i-gp- Ip-I-bp-am-Wp- m-b-xv. hn-h-c߃ tnm - -hn-h-cw ]p-d-øphn-sp- -h -s -Xn-sc {I-n-an-\ ti-sk-sp- p-sa- v Xp-S - v A- h `o-j-wn-ap-g- n. knw -Im - Uv \ -Ip-tºmƒ e-`-n- p- A-\p-a-Xn D-]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øn F-b -ss A-h-cp-sS-X-s H- cp t]-sa v _m- n D-]-t`m- m- -fp-ss t]-cn A- u- p-iƒ Xp-S-ßn-b- Im-cyw 2017 Un-kw-_-dn ]p-d-øp-h- n-cp- p. D-]-t`m- m- ƒ- v e-`nt - n-bn-cp- k-_v-kn-un- Iƒ e-`n- m-sx h- -t m-gm- Wv A-sX- mw Cu F-b -ss A- u- n-te-bv- v t]m-b-xmbn I-s -Øn-b-Xv. A-h-cp-sS A-dn-thm k-ω-x-tam C- m-sxbm-wv C-Ø-c-sam-cp A- u- v Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv. C-Xpw C-Xne- p-d-hpw \-S- pw F- m-wnsx- mw Im-Wn- p- -Xv. C- y bm-ym - yw: "{]-tbm-k-hpw' "A-t]- -I-cpw' C- y-sb-t m-sem-cp cm-py- Øv H-cp-]m-Sv "F- n 'I-sf B- {i-bn- p-sim-t B-[m -t]msem-cp ]- -Xn \-S- n-em- m I-gn-bq. A-t]- \ -Im-\p- hy-h-ÿ-iƒ ]m-en- m I-gn-bp-sa- n, hn-c-e-s-bm-fhpw I-Æn-s kv-im-\pw ]-Xn- m, F -tdmƒ sn-øp- n- S-Øv ssh-zyp-xn _- w D-s - n, \n-ß-fp-ss hn-h-c-߃, {]-txy-in- v \n-߃ \n-c- -c- \m-sw- n, Ir-Xy-am-bn tc-js -Sp-Øn-bn- p-s - n, \n-ßfp-ss ta -hn-em-kw i-cn-bmsw- n, t]-cn-se A- -c߃ i-cn-bm-sw- n A-ßs\ t]m-ip- p "F- n-ep-iƒ'. C-sX- mw i-cn-bm-bm \n߃- v B-[m Im -Uv In- p- p. ""K-h -sa n-s ]-Ww hn-x-c-ww sn-øm-\p- en- Ãn B-sc- n-epw ]-I-c- mcm-bn I-S- p-iq-sn-bn- p-s - n '' B-[m X-S-bpw F- pam-{x-ta _n -tk- v-kv ]-d-bp- p- q. Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ß-sf- mw a-s -hn-ss-sb- n-epw tpm-en-snøp-, s] -j-s\ B-{i-bn- p- tim -{K-kv `-c-w-øn-se {I-a-t -Sp-Iƒ ]-cn-l-cn- p- p-sh- pw `-c-w-øn kp-xm-cy-x D-d- p-h-cp- Øp- p-sh- p-sam-s ho-ºn-f- n-s m- v \-tc-{μ tam-zn K-h -sa v 2016 B-[m _n tem-iv-k-`bn ]m- m- n. C-Xv H-cp [-\-Im-cy _n- m-b-xn- \m cm-py-k-`-bn A-h-X-cn- n-t - -Xn-s - mbn-cp- p A-h-cp-sS \n-e-]m-sv. cm-py-k-`-bn A-h \yq-\-]- -am-b-xn-\m-em-wv C-ß-s\-sbm-cp Ip-dp- ph-gn kzo-i-cn- -Xv. A-Xp-h-gn A-h cm-py-k-`-bp-ss A-h-Im-i-߃ \n-tj-[n- p-i-bpw A-Xn-s\ A-]- am-\n- p-i-bp-am-wv sn-bv-x-xv. Po-hn- p- H-cp {Km-ao-W-kv- {Xo-bp-sS Im-cyw, A-s - n Ip-Spw-_w ]p-e -Øm-\m-bn A- e-bp- C-X-c-kw-ÿm-\ sxmgn-em-fn-i-fp-ss Im-cy-sam-s _n -tk- v-kv a-\- n-em- n-bn- p- m-ip-sa- v I-cp-Xmw. A-ßs\-bp- e- - -W- n-\m-fp- I-fm-Wv Cu cm-py-øp- -Xv. ta ]-d- kv-{xo In-tem-ao- -dp-iƒ A-I-se-bp- td-j - I-S-bn sn- p-tºmƒ A-h-cpsS hn-c-e-s-bm-fw s]m-cp-ø-s - Sp- n-s - p ]-d- m, ta-ev- ]-d- sxm-gn-em-fn- v C-Xpt]m-se F-s - n-epw Im-c-Ww ]-d- v sxm-gn \n-tj-[n- s -Sp- ÿn-xn-bp- m-bm, C-h hym-p-t -cn k-_v-kn- Un X-c-s -S-Øm h-s -t m A-s - n A-bmƒ sxm-gn-emfn F- \m-sy-øn h- `o- I-c-\m-sW-t m H-s ]-dbm I-gn-bp-tam? 12 h-b- p Xn-I-bp- -Xn-\pap-tºm A-dp-]-Xv h-b- v I-gn- m-tem \n-c- -c-am-b A- zm- \w-aq-e-tam hn-c-e-s-bm-fw am-dmhp- -Xm-Wv. C-Xv td-j \ntj-[-øn-\v C-S-bm- pw. ]m-hs - Z-en-Xv Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn-sebpw-a- pw Ip- n-i-fp-ss kv-timf -jn- pw-a- pw A-[n-Ir-X X- n-sb-sp- p- ÿn-xn-bp-ap- m- Ipw. C-Xn-\v c- m-i -Øm- fp-ss H- v A-h c-ko-xp-i-fn hm-ßn- pw. sxm-gn-ep-d- p-]- - Xn-bn th-x-\w hn-x-c-ww snøp-tºm-gpw C-Ø-cw X- n- p- Iƒ \-S- pw. Cu X- n-s m-s C- m-xm- m B-[m F-ßs\-bm-Wv D-]-I-cn- p-i? {]-[m- \-am-bpw \n-c- -c t\-cn-sp- {]-iv-\-ß-fm-wv C-hn-sS kq-nn- n- -Xv. \n-c- -c-c- m-ø-h-cp-ss ÿn-xn-bpw k-am-\-am-wv. kp- {]ow-tim-s-xn ap -No-^v P-Ãnkv Un.ssh.N-{μ-Nq-Un-s A- Ω-bpw A -ssj-ta-gv-kv tcm- Kn-bp-am-b h-tbm-[n-i-bv- pw s] -j In- m hn-c-e-s-bmfw \ -ti- n h-cp- p. F- mam-k-hpw _m- v D-tZym-K-ÿ ho- n -h- v hn-c-e-s-bm-fw tc-js -Sp-Øn-b ti-j-am-wv Ip-Spw- _-s] -j In- p- -Xv. C-{X D-b - \n-e-bn-ep- B-fmb-Xp-sIm- p-am-{x-am-wv _m- v D-tZym-K-ÿ ho- p-]-sn- -se- Øp- -Xv. F- m B-bn-c- - W- n-\v km-[m-c-w- m-cm-b s] -j -Im-cp-sS Im-cy-Øn C-X- ÿn-xn. sxm-gn-en- m-sx e- - -W- n-\v bp-hm- ƒ cm-py-sa-ºm-spw A-e-bp- p. kz- -am-bn ho-sn- m-ø-h-cpw e- - -W- n-\p- v. C-h-scm-s F- v B-[n-Im-cn-I tc-j-bm-wv \ -Ip-I? B-[m-dn-\v ta -hne-k-an- m-sx-bpw {]-h -Øn- mw. F- m tk-h-\-߃ kp-k-a-am-bn e-`n- m P-\- ߃- v A-Xv B-h-iy-am-bn-cn- p- p. P-\-\w sx-fn-bn- p- tc-j-iƒ, t]-cn-se A- -c-ßfn-ep- hy-xym-kw, H- n-tesd t]-cp-iƒ Xp-Sßn-b-h-sbms \-Ωp-sS cm-py-øv {]-iv- \w X-s -bm-wv. C-Xp-Iq-Sm-sX K-h -sa n-s I-W- n -s - Sm-sX Po-hn- p- ]m -iz-h - -cn- -s - P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-fp-ap- v. \-K-c-ß-fn-se tn-cn-i-fn Xm-a-kn- p- -h C-Xn -s - Spw. \n-c- -cw Ip-Sn-bn-d- v `oj-wn t\-cn-sp- -h-cm-wv C- q-. C-Xp-Iq-Sm-sX kw-c- n-x h-\-{]-tz-i-ß-f-n-epw-a- pw Xm-akn- p- B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fpw-a- pam-b Z-cn-{Z-hn-`m-K-ß-fp- v. C- h-scm-s C- y ]u-c- m - X-s -bm-wv. F- m k - m-cn-s {i- -bn -s -Sm-sX Po-hn- p- -h-cm-wv. k - m F-t mƒ-th-w-sa- n-epw C-h - s -Xn-sc Xn-cn-bmw F- -Xp-Xs Im-c-Ww. A-Xm-b-Xv, F- m-h-sc-bpw Dƒ- m-\p- -sx- v ]-d- v B-hn-jv- -cn- H- cp ]- -Xn P-\-ß-sf H- p-iq- Sn hn-`-pn- m-\m-wv D-]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xv F- - w. B-[m - Im -Up-, A-h-Im-i-߃- v A -l-x-bp- -h-cpw ta -hnem-k-an- m-ø, A-h-cp-tS-X- m- Ø Im-c-W-ß-fm H-gn-hm- s - -h-cpw F- -\n-e-bn C-Xv c- v hn-`m-k-ß-sf kr-jv-sn- ncn- p- p. \n-b-a-km-[p-x-bpw bm-ym - y-hp-am-bn h-en-b A- -cw \n-e-\n - p- Cu cm-py-øv B-[m \-S- n-em- n F- m-h - pw hn-in-jv-s hy- n-xzw \ - Ip-sa-s m-s - -d-bp- -Xv shdpw ]m-gv-hm- p-am-{x-am-wv. _n -tk- v-kv ]-d-bp- -Xv kwhn-[m-\-øn ]n-i-in- \-S- nem- p- -Xn-ep- ]m-fn- -tbbp- p F- -s{x! lr-z-b-iq-\ycpw A-gn-a-Xn- m-cp-am-b D-tZym- K-ÿ, t]m-eo-kv tk-\, h - In-S _n-kn-\-kp-im, kzm - -cpw Ip- -hm-fn-i-fp-am-b cmjv-{so-b- m, \m- p-{]-am-wnam, am-^n-b-iƒ F- n-h-sc- mw tn - H-cp A-hn-ip- Iq- p-si- v \n-b-a-{]-im-c-ap- - Xpw bm-ym - y-hpw X-Ωn-ep- A- -cw h - n- n- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv F- bm- Ym - yw C-t±-lw A-dn-bp- pt m? B-[m-dpw A-h - v Nqj-W-Øn-\p- ]p-xn-b D-]m-[n am-{xw. {Km-a-Øn -\n- v ]-Øp- ]-Xn-\- v In-tem-ao- A-Ise-bp- _m- n-s tk-h-\w hr- -cm-b km-[p- ƒ- v F- ß-s\ e-`n- m. H-cp Zn-h-ksØ tpm-en-i-f- v ]m-h-s - -h-sc-ß-s\-bm-wv _m- n - t]m-ip-i. C-t mƒ C-h - pw _m- n-\p-an-s-bn _m- nw-kv I- d-kv-t]m- v-kv F- t]-cn C-S-\n- m-cp- v. C-h ]-e-t mgpw C-Øn- -Æn-I-fm-Wv. A-gna-Xn \n-d- ap-x-em-fn-ø hyh-ÿ-bn A-Xv kzm-`m-hn-iw am-{xw. Kp-W-t`m- m- ƒ- pth- n _m- n-s-]m-sp-iƒ \-S- Øp- -Xv C-h-cm-Wv. A-t mƒ B-\p-Iq-ey-߃ t\-cn-s -Øn- p- p F- -Xv ]m-gv-hm- m-bn A-h-ti-jn- p- p. ap- m ]- v C-S-\n-e- m-cpw {Km-a-ap-Jy am-tcm A-h-cp-sS a- -tfm H- s -Ø- -sb- v(d-zm: F- twm-an-iv sssw-kv) dn-t m- - v h- n- p- v. A-Xm-b-Xv \n-b-{ - Ww ]-g-b-]-sn A-h-cp-sS ssi- I-fn -Ø-s. t\-cn- v B-\p-Iqey-ß-sf-Øn- -sem-s shdpw hm-n-i- -k -Øp-am-{Xw. B-[m c-pn-kv-t{s-j-\v A- \p-an-xp-b- K-h -sa v A- dn-bm-sx A-Xv k-_v-tim -{Sm- Iv-Sv \ -Ip- p. \n -_- -ambpw \ -ti- hn-h-c-ß-tf-xv A- m-ø-tx-xv F- v ]-d-bmsx C-h-cn ]-e-cpw A-[n-Ihn-h-c-߃ ti-j-cn- p- p- v. I-ºyq- ]-cn- m-\-an- m-øh C-hn-sS I-_-fn- n- -s -Sp- p-ap- v. Cu hn-h-c-߃ Zpcp-]-tbm-Kw sn-ø-s -Sp- p. C- Ø-c- m h -Ko-b i- n-i-fpam-bn _- -ap- -h-cm-im-\pw km- y-x-bp- v. B-[m-dpw km-t -Xn-I hn-zy-bpw ]-{X-k-tΩ-f-\-߃ H-gn-hm- (tijw 10 mw t]pn )

10 10 bqwn n \hw_ 2018 C- y-bn-se ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿ ]m -e-sa -dn P-\m- [n-]-xy-øn-s ap-jw {]-Z -in- n- p-sim- m-wv ap-t m- p-t]m- Ip- -Xv. Im-em-Im-e-ß-fn A-h X -]-c-i- n-i-sf A- [n-im-c-øn-se-øn- p- p. C- Xn-\m-bn- P-\-ß-fp-sS ]-W-hpw {]-Nm-c-tWm-]m-[n-I-fpw `-c-wkw-hn-[m-\-hp-sa- mw D-]-tbm-Ks -Sp-Øp- p. P-\-ß-fn ]m - e-sa -dn hym-tam-lw k-po-ham- n \n-e-\n -Øm sx-cs -Sp- p-iƒ D-]-I-cn- p- p. K-h -sa v am-dp- -txm-ss km-l-n-cy-øn am- -ap- m-ipsa- v Hm-tcm sx-c-s -Sp- v th-f-bn-epw P-\-߃ hn-iz-kn- p- p. sx-c-s -Sp- v I-gn-bphnh-c-ß-fp-sS tnm - kz-im-cy-x A-]-I-S-Øn-em- p p (9 mw t]pn \n v) n ss-en-hn-j-\n -am-{xw {]- Xy- -s -Sp- {]-[m-\-a-{ n km-t -Xn-I ]p-tcm-k-xn-bp-ss {]-Xo-I-am-bm-Wv B-[m-dn-s\ hn-ti-jn- n- p- -Xv. ""km-t - Xn-I ]-cn- m-\-an- m-ø-h '', ""H- p-in Im-cy-߃ a-\- n- em-ip- n-, A-s - n a- \:]q -Δw I- w ]-d-bp- p'' F-s m-s -bm-wv A-t±-lw F- Xn-cm-fn-I-sf Ip- -s -Sp-Øp- - Xv. \n-te-i-\n-bpw _n -tk- vkpw t]m-se-bp- Un-Pn- {]-am-wn-am X-s ]n- p-wbv- p- -Xm-bn A-t±-lw km- y-s -Sp-Øp- p. F- m P- Ãn-kv Un-.ssh.N-{μ-Nq-Uv ]-dbp- -Xv ""km-t -Xn-I hn-zy kzm-x-{ y-øn-s `m-hn X-S- - s -Sp-Øp-I-bm-sW''- -s{x! \n-c- -c-x-bpw I-]-S km- c-x-bpw \-S-am-Sp- cm-py-am-wnsx-t m - -Ww. hn-h-c-߃ X- a-\p-jy-s hy- n-xzw ap- n- -f-b-p-i-bm-wv Un-Pn- C- y. ""A -l-cm-b Kp-W-t`m- m- -sf ]p-d- - p- Kp-cp- X-c-am-b ]n-i-ip-iƒ'' h-cp-ønh- p-sim- v A-Xn-s cq-]-tc- J-bn-epw kw-hn-[m-\-øn-ep-ap- ]m-fn- -Iƒ ]-cn-l-cn- p- - Xn B-[m kw-hn-[m-\w ]- cm-p-b-s - n-cn- p- p-sh- v P- Ãn-kv N-{μ-Nq-Uv Nq- n- m-wn- p- p. ""hy- n-i-fp-ss A- pw A-h-Im-i-hpw Iq- -en-\pw In-gn- -en-\pw hn-t[-b-am-bn-cn- m-\m-hn- '' F- pw A-t±-lw hm-zn- p- p. Cu hm- p-iƒ A-dn-hn- m-bv-a-sb-t m I-f-sht m tam-zn- v ]-d-bm I-gnbp-tam? cq-]-i - -\-bn k- l-p-am-bp- m-ti- ss\-xn-i- X Im-Øp-]p-e -Øm-\p- a- Xn-bm-b kw-hn-[m-\-ß-tfm B- Xy- n-i-am-bn \n-b-a-]-cn-c- tbm C-s - n km-t -Xn-I hn-zy-iƒ h-f-sc F-fp- -Øn Nq-j-W-Øn-\p- D-]m-[n-I-fm- n-am- m I-gn-bp-sa- -Xv Un- Pn- tem-i-sø- p-dn- v [mc-w-bp- G-sXm-cmƒ- p-a-dnbm-hp- Im-cy-am-Wv. B-[m-dns Im-cy-Øn, D-b - \ne-hm-c-øn-ep- ]-cn-c- t]mbn- v hn-h-cw kq- n- m-\p- kw-hn-[m-\w t]m-ep-an- F- - Xm-Wv h-kv-xp-x. "`o-i-c-x'bv- pw km-º-øn-i {I-a-t -Sp-Iƒ- p-sa-xn-sc- B-[m-dn-s t]m-cm- w B-[m Hm-tcm hy- n- pw H-cp k-hn-ti-j \-º \ -Ip- p- v. ]-I-c-am-bn hy- n-bpss _-tbm-sa-{sn-iv hn-h-c-ß-f- S- w ti-j-cn- p-i-bpw sn-øp- p. t]-cv, ta -hn-em-kw, h-bv, enw-kw, hw-iw, a-xw, hn- Zym-`ym-k-tbm-Ky-X, Zm-º-Xyÿn-Xn, tpm-en Xp-S-ßn-b k- I-e hn-h-c-ß-f-pw C-{]-Im-cw I- c-ÿ-am- p- p. _-tbm-sa-{sn-iv hn-h-c-ß-fm-bn ]-Øp-hn-c-ep-Ifp-sS-bpw t^m-t m, I-Æn-s kv-im, ap-j-øn-s t^m-t m F- n-h-bpw ti-j-cn- p- p. G- sxm-cp a-\p-jy-s\-bpw Xn-cn- dn-bm ]m-i-øn-ep- hn-h-cß-fm-wn-xv. B-sc- n-epw sx- p sn-bv-xm, A-Xv `o-i-c-{]- h -Ø-\-tam km-º-øn-i {Ia-t -tsm F- p-am-i-s, D-S-\- Sn I- p-]n-sn- m C-Xv k-lmb-i-am-ip-sa- m-wv C-Xn-s h- m-e-øp-im ]-d-bp- -Xv. C- sxm-s sh-dpw _m-en-i-am-b hm-z-k-xn-iƒ am-{xw. `o-i-c-hm- Zn-sb- v hn-fn- -s -Sp- -h-s\- bpw A-gn-a-Xn- m-sc-bp-sam-s Xp-dp- n-e-s-bv- m C-t mƒ- Ø-s a-xn-bm-b kw-hn-[m-\- ߃ `-c-w-iq-s-øn-\p- v. F -t^m-gv-kv-sa v U-b-d-Iv-Std- v, kn-_n-sf, sf-_n, an-en- -dn C -en-p -kv Xp-S-ßn-b-hsbm-s C-Xn -s -Spw. F- n- pw F- mw \n - m-[w \-S- p- p. \n-b-a-hn-t[-b-am-bn-t m A- m-sx-tbm H-cp ]-Xn- m- p-ime-am-bn B-[m {]m-_-ey-ønep- v. Ip-g- - m-sc B-sc-sb- n-epw ]n-sn- -Xm-bn Im-Wp- pt m? B-[m \n-e-hn h- - Xn-\p-ti-j-a-t hn-p-bv a-eybpw \o-c-hv tam-zn-bpw sa-lp tnm-iv-kn-bp-sam-s _m- p-ifn -\n- v P-\-ß-fp-sS ]-Ww tim-sn- -W- n-\v ssib-s- n cm-pyw hn- p-t]m-b-xv? C-h-cn Nn-e ]m-h-\-sa- v I-cp-X-s - Sp- ]m -e-sa v ]-cn-k-c-øph- v [-\-Im-cy-a-{ n-bp-am-bn Iq- Sn-bm-tem-N-\-\-S-Øn-bn- m-wv \m-sp-hn- -Xv. C-h-cp-sS ti-kp- Iƒ ssiim-cyw sn-øp- -Xpw ti-{μ-a-{ n-am-cp-ss A-Sp-Ø _- p- -fm-b h- o-e- m -Xs. ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿ-xs Ip- -Ir-Xy-ß-sf-bpw Ip- -hm-fn-i-sf-bpw Xm-tem-en- p- p F- -Xm-Wv Im-cyw. C-h - v I-Sn- m-wn-sm K-h sa v ap-xn-cp-i-bp-an-. \n-b-a߃ ]-e-xp-ap- v. C-\n-bpw ]p- Xn-b \n-b-a-߃ D- m- mw. F- m A-Xv {]-tbm-kn- m X-øm-d-s - n - n-s F- v {]- tbm-p-\w? A-t mƒ B-[m - sim- v F- p-kp-ww? B-[m C- y P-\-X-bv-s -Xn-cm-b Xn-I- Kq-Vm-tem-N-\ hy- n-sb kw-_- n- k- ºq -Æ-hpw k-a-{k-hp-am-b H-cp hn-h-c-ti-j-cw B-[m kq- n- p- p. F- m Un-Pn- kw-_- -hpw \n-b-a-]-c-hp-am-b km- -c-x cm-py-øv C- pw h- f-sc Xm-gv- -Xm-I-bm C-Xneq-sS ]p-x-n-sbm-cp A-gn-a-Xn- p- km-l-n-cyw D-b - p-h-cp- p. k - m, kz-im-cy G- P -kn-i-fp-ss ]- -ep-, hy- n-sb kw-_- n- Cu hnh-c-߃ hn- v Im-im- m-\p- km- y-x-bm-wv D- m-bn-cn- p- -Xv. A-Sn-ap-Sn A-gn-a-Xn-bn apßn-b, Po -Æ-am-b H-cp ap-xem-fn-ø hy-h-ÿ-bn-em-wv Pohn- p- -Xv F- h-kv-xp-x P- \-߃ hn-kv-a-cn- -cp-xv. A-[n- Im-cw ssi-bm-fp- Nq-j-I-cpw _-lp-`q-cn-]- w-h-cp- Nq-jn- X-cp-am-bn k-aq-lw hn-`-pn- s - n-cn- p- p. P-\-ß-sf A- Sn- -a -Øn hy-h-ÿ-bp-ss {]- h -Ø-\w kp-k-a-am- p- -Xv `- c-w-iq-s-am-wv. `-c-w-h -K-Øn- \v {]n-b-s - -h-cpw ^-e-{]-z-ambn tk-hn- m I-gn-hp- -h-cpam-b ]m - n-iƒ Im-em-Im-e-ßfn A-[n-Im-c-Øn A-h-tcm- [n- -s -Sp- p. a-dp-h-i-øv a - ±n-x-cpw Nq-jn-X-cp-am-b P-\-kmam-\yw. A-h {]-Xn-tj-[n- m txm- pw em-øn-bpw sim- m-wv t\-cn-sp-i. D-b - Ø-s -Sp- -Xv G- -hpw \ym-bam-b Po-hn-X-{]-iv-\-ß-fm-bn-cn- mw. A-sXm- pw ]-cn-k-wn- s -Sn-. A-Xp-sIm- p-x-s A-h-cp-sS ap- n H- -h-gn-tbbp- q. Nq-j-W-Øn-\pw A-Sn- -a -Ø-en-\p-sa-Xn-sc, A-\o-Xn- pw A-gn-a-Xn- p-sa-xn-sc tbm- Pn- -Xpw {]-_p- -hp-am-b k-acw ]-Sp-Øp-b -Øp-I. C-Xn-\v X-S- w kr-jv-sn- p- -Xn-s\- pdn-t m A-Ø-cw \o- -ß-sf ]n- p-w-bv- p- -Xn-s\- p-dnt m t\-cm-bn Nn- n- p- B- cpw hn-nm-cn- p-i-t]m-epw snø-cp-xv. ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿbp-ss kw-c- -Ww G-s -Sp- Øn-cn- p- H-cp K-h sa n -\n- v P-\-\- -sb- -cp- Xn-bp- ]- -Xn-Iƒ {]-Xo- n- p- -Xv sh-dpw a-\-t m- si- -em-wv. kw-l-sn-x ap-t - -ßfn-eq-sS P-\-i- n {]-I-Sn- n- psim-t F-s - n-epw B-\p- Iq-ey-߃ P-\-߃- v t\-snsb-sp- m I-gn-bq. cq-]-i - -\-bn k-l-p-am-bp- m-ti- ss\-xn- I-X Im-Øp-]p-e -Øm-\p- a-xn-bm-b kw-hn-[m-\- ß-tfm B-Xy- n-i-am-bn \n-b-a-]-cn-c- -tbm C-s - n km-t -Xn-I hn-zy-iƒ h-f-sc F-fp- -Øn Nq-j-W-Øn-\p- D-]m-[n-I-fm- n-am- m I-gn-bp-sa- -Xv Un-Pn- tem-i-sø- p-dn- v [m-c-w-bp- G- sxm-cmƒ- p-a-dn-bm-hp- Im-cy-am-Wv. B-[m-dn-s Im-cy-Øn, D-b - \n-e-hm-c-øn-ep- ]-cn-c- t]m-bn- v hn-h-cw kq- n- m-\p- kw-hn-[m-\w t]mep-an- F- -Xm-Wv h-kv-xp-x. -txm-ss ]-g-b-txm A-Xn-s\- mƒ tam-i-tam B-b A-hÿ-bm-Wv \n-e-hn -h- n-cn- p- -Xv F- v A-h Xn-cn- -dn-bp- p. B-[m-dpw C-Xp-t]m-sem-cp hym-tam-lw am-{x-am-wv. {]-iv- \-ß-ƒ ]-cn-l-cn- p-sa- v, cm- Py-Øp-\n- v `o-i-c-hm-zw Xp-S- p-\o- p-sa- v, Po-hn-X-Øn - \n- v A-gn-a-Xn \n -Ωm - -\w sn-øp-sa- p-sam-s -bp- hymtam-lw. sh-dpw X- n- v. Cu `- c-w-h -K ]- -Xn- v \n-b-a-km- [p-x-iq-sn ssi-h-cp- -txm-ss F- m-wv kw-`-hn- p-i F- v B - -dn-bmw. P-\-ß-fp-sS ]- Ww h -txm-xn sn-e-h-gn- psim- v ]p-xn-b A-gn-a-Xn- v I- f-sam-cp- p-i-bm-wv. ]p-xn-b C- S-\n-e- m-cpw c-pn-kv-t{s-j -Imcp-sam-s cw-k-{]-th-iw sn-øp- p. hm-kv-zm-\-ß-sfm-s F-{X- \mƒ \n-e-\n - pw F- v ]-dbm-\m-in-. F- m- n-\p-ap-]-cn `o- I-c-hm-Z-hpw A-gn-a-Xn-bpw X-Sbm-s\- -t]-cn P-\-ß-sf \nco- n- m-\pw A-h - v aq- p- I-b-dn-Sm-\p-ap- A-]-I-S-I-c-amsbm-cp B-bp-[-am-bn- m-wv ap- X-em-fn-h -Kw B-[m-dn-s\ D-]- tbm-k-s -Sp-Øp-I. A-h-sc F- m-e-hpw `o-xn-bn X-f- n-sm- \pw I-gn-bpw. P-\m-[n-]-Xy {]- t m-`-߃- p-ap- n C-Xv I- Sp-Ø {]-Xn-_- w kr-jv-sn- pw. hy- n-sb-tbm kw-lsø-tbm \n-co- n- p-sim- v A-h - p-ta k - m B- {K-ln- p- F- v \-S-]-Sn-bpw ssi-s m- m C-Xv D-]-tbm- K-s -Sp-Ømw. P-\-߃ Cu Kq- Vm-tem-N-\ Xn-cn- -dn-b-ww. B-[m ÿn-c-am- m-\p- \o- w ]-cm-c-p-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn- \m-bn t\-cm-bn Nn- n- p- -hcpw P-\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpam-b ap-gp-h-\m-fp-i-sf-bpw G- tim-]n- n- p-sim- v A-Sn-b- c-am-bn H-cp _-lp-p-\-ap-t - w h-f -Øn-sb-Sp- -Ww. F-.kn. I-\m Xo-c-sØ X-I - I-S-Iƒ \n -Ωn- p\ -Ip-I Be p-g N-ß-\m-t»cn I- \m Xo-c-sØ {]-f-b-øn X-I - p-t]m-b I-S-Iƒ ]p-\ - \n -Ωn- p-\ -Ip-I, ]-en-i-c-ln- X-hm-bv-] \ -Ip-I, F-.kn. I- \m ]- m-øp-cp-øn-h-sc Xpd- p-i, A-im-kv-{Xo-b \n - F.-kn. I-\m ^p-sv-]m-øv a - vkv A-tkm-kn-tb-j {]-kn-u v {]-km-zv sn-øn- m-sv [ -Æ D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sn-øp p Ωm-W-߃ imkv-{xo-b-am-bn ]p-xp- n- -WnbpI, X-I - tdm-up-iƒ \- m- p-i Xp-Sßn-b B-h-iy-߃ D- -bn- v F.-kn. I-\m ^p-sv-]m-øv a - vkv A-tkm-kn-tb-j l -Øm B-N-cn- p-sim- v B-e- p-g I-f-t{Œ- n-te-bv- v am - pw [ -Æ-bpw \-S-Øn. \qdp-i-w- n-\v I- -h-s- m Ip- Spw-_-k-ta-X-am-Wv k-a-c-øns\-øn-b-xv. A-tkm-kn-tbj {]-kn-u v {]-km-zv sn- Øn- m-sv [ -Æ D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sn-bv-xp. ssh-kv-{]-kn-u v ]n.b.k-xo-i ap-jy-{]- kw-kw \-S-Øn. sk-{i- -dn D- Ø-a ]-\-tßm-sv A- y- - X h-ln- p. hn.b.a-\n, _n-pp tk-hy F- n-h {]- kw-kn- p. ap-\n-kn- tã- Un-b-Øn \n- pw B-cw-`n- am - n-\v _m-_p ]-\- fw, Ip- p-tam a-\-bv- - nd, cm-tp-jv In-S-ß-d, k-t mjv ]- m-øp-cp-øn F- n-h t\-xr-xzw-\ -In.

11 bqwn n \hw_ Fkvbp-kn-sF(I-Ωyq-Wn-kv v) aq- mw -]m - n- tim -{K- v hn-p-bn- n- p-i P-\-d sk-{i- -dn k-jm-hv s{]m-hm-jv tlm-jns A-`y - -\ {]n-b k-jm- -sf, \Ωp-sS ]m - n-bp-ss aq mw tim -{K-kn-\v ap -]n-ep- kp-{][m-\ hn-j-b-߃ h-f-sc kw- n-]v-x-am-bn A-h-X-cn- n- s. 1. I-gn- ]m - n tim - {K- n-\p-ti-jw A- -t±-io-b, tz-io-b km-l-n-cy-ß-fn A- Sn-ÿm-\-]-c-am-b am- -ß-sfm- pw D- m-bn- n- F- -Xn-\m I-gn- tim -{K- v cq-]wsim-sp-ø A-Sn-ÿm-\ sse C- pw km-[p-hm-wv. F- m, Cu Im-e-b-f-hn Nn-e kp-{]- [m-\ kw-`-h-hn-im-k-߃ D- m-bn- p- v. A-Xp-kw-_- n- v ]m - n-x-xz-ß-fp-ss-bpw ]mtß-fp-ss-bpw A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep- Ku-c-hm-h-l-am-b N - -Ifpw B-i-b-hn-\n-a-b-hp-sam-s hn-hn-[ X-e-ß-fn \-S-tØ- - Xp- v. Xp-S - v ]m - n tim - {K- n A-h k-ku-c-hw ]-cntim-[n- p-i-bpw G-I-am-b [mc-w-bn-se-øp-i-bpw A-Xp-h-gn G- -hpw ]p-xn-b km-l-n-cysø A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn- -Ø- -h- Æw ]m - n Xo-kn-kv sa- -s - Sp-Øp-I-bpw sn-ø-ww. 2. Nq-j-W-Øn-epw a -±-\- Øn-epw A-[n-jvTn-X-am-b ap-xem-fn-ø-hy-h-ÿ-bpw A-Xn-s tk-h-i-cm-b ]m -e-sa -dn `- c-w-i- n-i-fpw kr-jv-sn- p- Kp-cp-X-c-hpw h - -am-\-hp-am-b km-º-øn-i,- cm-jv-{so-b,- [m - an-i {]-Xn-k- n-i-fp-ss ]n-snbn-em-wn- v C- y. Z-i-e- - -W- n-\m-fp-iƒ C-Xn-\-Iw- X-s sxm-gn -c-ln-x-cm-wv. A-Xn-\p-]p-d-sa B-bn-c- -W- n-\v sxm-gn-em-fn-i-sf ]n-cn- phn-sp- p. B-lm-c-hpw a-cp- pw In- m-sx a-cn- p- -Xpw B-fll-Xy sn-øp- -Xpw e- -ß-fm- Wv. Ip- n-i-f-s- w B-bn-c- -W- n-\v kv-{xo-iƒ A-\p-Zn-\w hm- Wn-`-Øn-\v C-c-bm-Ip- p. hr- -I-fpw Ip- p-ß-fp-a-s- w B-bn-c- -W- n-\v kv-{xo-i-fm- Wv A-\p-\n-an-jw Iq- -_-em- w-k-øn-\pw sim-e-]m-x-i- Øn-\pw hn-t[-b-am-ip- -Xv. hne-i-fpw \n-ip-xn-i-fpw A-gn-a-Xnbpw s]m-xp-ap-x sim- -b- Sn- -ep-sam-s h - n- p-simt -bn-cn- p- p. hn-zym-`ym-k- Øn-s -bpw B-tcm-Ky ]-cn-]me-\-øn-s -bpw sn-e-hn-em-wv ]- m-f _-P- v h - n- n- p- -Xv. ln-μp-a-x au-en-i-hm-zw, hn- m-\ hn-tcm-[w, tz-io-b-{`m- v, h -Ko-b-X, {]m-tz-in-i-hm- Zw, Pm-Xo-b-X F- -h-sbm-s Du-Xn-s -cp- n- p- p. h - o-bhpw Pm-Xo-b-hp-am-b hn-tzz-jhpw I-em-]-ß-fpw h-f -Øn-sb- Sp- p- p. hn-zym-`ym-k-sø Im-hn-h - -cn- p-sim- v P-\- ß-sf a-x-hn-izm-k-øn-s A- Sn-ÿm-\-Øn `n- n- n- p-ibpw thm- p-_m- p-iƒ kr-jv-sn- p-i-bpw cm-py-sø ^m-kn-kh - -cn- p- {]-{In-b-bv- v B- w h - n- n- p-i-bpw snøp- p. P-\m-[n-]-Xy ÿm-]-\- ß-fp-sS A-h-ti-jn- p-iƒ-t]mepw X-I - p- p. ]-W-hpw I- øq- pw am-[y-a-ß-fpw A-[n-Imc-i- n-bpw \n-b-{ n- p- sxc-s -Sp- p-iƒ P-\-ß-sf Xo -Øpw h- n- p- p. F- m- n-\p-ap-]-cn-bm-bn \-thm- m-\- Øn-s -bpw kzm-x-{ y-k-a-c- Øn-s -bpw ss]-xr-i-hpw [m - an-i- aq-ey-ß-fp-sam-s \-in- n- p-sim- v bp-hm- -sf-bpw hn-zym - n-i-sf-bpw A-]-am-\- ho-i-cn- p- p. C-sX- mw-tn - v cm-py-sø X-I - -bn-te-bv- v X- n-\o- p-i-bm-wv. `-c-wap-x-em-fn-h - -Øn-s {]o-xn k-ºm-zn- m-\pw a-{ n-ÿm-\w t\-sn A-h-cp-sS cm-jv-{so-b Imcy-ÿ -am-cm-im-\pw tz-io-b _q -jzm ]m - n-i-fm-b _n-sp- ]n-bpw tim -{K- pw ]-c-kv-]- cw a- -cn- p- -Xn A- p-xs -Sm-\n-. A-[n-Im-c-Øn-embm-epw {]-Xn-]- -Øm-bm-epw A-h - v Cu H-scm- e- yta-bp- q. A-[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cn- p-tºmƒ F-Xn -i-_v-z-ß-sfsb- mw A-a - -sn-bv-xpw P-\- Io-b k-a-c-ß-sf {Iq-c-am-bn A-Sn- -a -Øn-bpw b-p-am-\ -amsc Xr-]v-Xn-s -Sp-Øm-\pw ap-xem-fn-ø Nq-j-Ww im-iz-x-ambn \n-e-\n -Øm-\pw A-h t\- cn- v H-Øm-i-sN-øp- p. {]-Xn-]- -Øm-bn-cn- p-tºmƒ P-\-ßfp-sS Zp-cn-X-ß-sf-{]-Xn A-h ap-x-e- -Æo-scm-gp- p- p. P-\- ß-sf I-_-fn- n- v A-Sp-Ø sx-c-s -Sp- n hn-p-bw-simøm-\p- I-f-sam-cp- am-{xam-wn-xv. C-ß-s\-sbm-s -bmsw- n-epw P-\-ß-sf \n-i-_v- Z-cm- m-\m-in-. \o-dp-, `m-cn- Po-hn-X-{]-iv-\-߃ A-h-sc {]-Xn-tj-[n- m \n - - n-xcm- p- p. A-kw-Xr-]v-Xn-bpw tcm-j-hpw {]-Xn-tj-[-Øn-s cq-]-sa-sp- p-tºmƒ ]-e-bn-s- Øpw B-bn-c- -W- n-\v I - j-i-cpw sxm-gn-em-fn-i-fpw hn- Zym - n-i-fpw a- v A- zm-\n- p- P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-fpw kzm-`m-hn- I-am-bn-Ø-s {]-t m-`-hp-ambn sx-cp-hn-e-w-bp- p. A-kw- L-Sn-X-hpw h-en-b cm-jv-{so-b [m-c-w-sbm- p-an- m-ø-h-bpsa- n-epw Cu k-l-p-am-b s]m- n-sø-dn-iƒ em-øn- m - Pn-s\-bpw sh-sn-h-bv-]n-s\-bpsam-s t\-cn-sm X-øm-dm-Ip- p- v. H-cp b-ym - cm-jv-{sob t\-xr-xz-øn-s A-`m-h- Øn Cu k-a-c-߃ Im-em- Im-e-ß-fn D-b - p-h-cn-ibpw ]n -hm-ßp-i-bpw sn-øp- p. {]-_-e C-S-Xp-]- ]m - n-i-fm-b kn-]n-sf(fw), kn- ]n-sf F- n-h k-a-c- m-cm-bn `m-hn- p- p-s - n-epw A-h-cpsS tkm-jy su-tam-{im- n-iv kz-`m-hw-aq-ew A-h ho-dp- k- a-c-øn-s ]m-x D-t]- n- p-ign- n-cn- p- p F- -Xv hy- - am-wv. F- m "a-tx-x-c' tim -{K- v \-bn- p- k-jy- Øn tn - v sx-c-s -Sp- v t\- -ap- m- m-\p- {i-a-ßfn hym-]r-x-cm-w-h. F- nepw A-h-sc A-Xn -\n- v ]n- n-cn- n- v kw-bp- k-a-c-ßfn km-[y-am-ip- -{X ]- m-fn- I-fm- p- -Xn-\p- {i-a-߃ \-Ωƒ Xp-S-cp-I-X-s sn-øpw. sf-iyw, k-a-cw, sf-iyw F- X-Xz-Øn-s A-Sn-ÿm-\- Øn \-S-Øp- C-Ø-cw k- a-c-ß-fn-eq-ss A-h-sc Xp-d- p- Im-Wn- m-\pw A-tX- k-a-bw- X-s A-h-cp-sS km-[y-x-iƒ D-]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øm-\pw I-gnbpw. F- m, a-lm-\m-b am - Iv-kn-Ãv Nn- -I-\m-b k-jm-hv in-_v-zm-kv tlm-jv ÿm-]n-, Cu cm-py-sø H-tc-sbm-cp hnπ-h sxm-gn-em-fn-h - ]m - nbm-b F-kv-bp-kn-sF(-I-Ωyq- Wn-Ãv) ]m - n-sb Iq-Sp-X i- n-s -Sp-Øp-I-bpw hym-]n- n- p-i-bpw Zr-Vo-I-cn- p-i-bpw sn-øp-i F- -Xm-Wv A-Sn-b- cm-h-iy-i-x. A-Xp-h-gn Cu k- a-c-ß-sf A-Xn-s bp- n-kl-am-b ]-cn-w-xn-bn-te-bv- v \- bn- p- -Xn-\p- {]-Xy-b-imkv-{X-]-c-hpw cm-jv-{so-b-hpw kw-l-s-\m-]-c-hpw kmw-kv-imcn-i-hp-am-b i-cn-bm-b t\-xr- Xzw {]-Zm-\w sn-øm ]m - n- v {]m-]v-xn ssi-h-cpw. Cu \ne-hm-cw B - n- -W-sa- n k-jm-hv in-_v-zm-kv-tlm-jn-s hn-π-h ]mt-߃ ]n- p-s - psim- v Xo-{h-am-sbm-cp k-a-cw A-Sn-b- -c-am-bn ]m - n- p- n \-S-tØ- -Xp- v. ap-gph k-jm- -sf-bpw Dƒ-s m- n- p-sim- p- A-Ø-c-samcp B- -cn-i k-a-c-øn-\p- X-øm-sd-Sp- v F- \n-e-bn-em- Wv ]m - n tim -{K- v \-S- Øp- -Xv. 3. A-`q-X-]q -Δ-hpw \n-c- cw B-gw-h-bv- p- -Xp-am-b {]- Xn-k- n-bp-ss ]n-sn-bn -s - v D-g-ep-I-bm-Wv tem-i km-{am-py- Xz- -ap-x-em-fn-øw F-t m - - Ww. k-am- -c-am-sbm-cp tkmjy-en-ãv tem-i I-tºm-fw \ne-hn-en-s - n-epw \n-c- -cw Npcp-ßp- I-tºm-fw F- {]- Xn-k- n-sb tem-i ap-x-em-fn- Øw A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn- p-i-bm- Wv. tkm-jy-en-ãv tn-cn-bp-ss X-I - -sb-øp-s - v D-f-hm-b G-I-{[p-h tem-i-øn-s "A- [n-] ' F- v H-cn- ho-ºnf- n-b A-ta-cn- C- v, ap-xem-fn-ø cm-py-ß-fm-bn am-dn-b d-jy, ssn-\, Iq-Sm-sX bq-tdm- ]y bq-wn-b, P- m F- o cm-py-ß-fn -\n- v I-Sp-Ø sh- p-hn-fn t\-cn-sp-i-bm-wv. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cpw a- p- -h-cp-ss I- tºm-fw ]n-sn-s -Sp- m-\p- I- gp-ø-d- t]m-cm- -Øn G - s - n-cn- p- p. tem-i ap-x-emfn-ø k-º-zv-l-s-\-bp-ss Xo-h- n F -Pn F- v I-cp-Xn-bncp- bp-f-kv-f C- v H-cp apßp- I- -em-wv. B-tKm-fo-Ic-W ]- -Xn B-hn-jv-I-cn- p- -Xn ap -]- n-bn \n- psim- v a- v cm-py-ß-fp-ss I- tºm-f-øn-te-bv- v I-S- p-i-bdm A-h {i-an- n-cp-s - n C- v A-tX ]- -Xn-{]-Im-cw a- -c- m-cm-b a- v h i- n- Iƒ A-h-cp-sS B-`y- -c I- tºm-fw ]n-sn- -S- m {i-an- p- I-bm-Wv. C-Xp-aq-ew B-tKm-fo- I-c-W-sØ X- n- -d- v "B- Zyw A-ta-cn- ' F- ap-{zm-hm- Iy-ap-b -Øm-\pw ssn-\-bn - \n- pw a- pw Xn-cn- -Sn t\-cn- km-l-n-cy-øn Iq-Sp-X I - -i-am-b Xm-cn-^v a-xn-ep- I-fp-b -Øm-\pw A-h \n - - n-x-cm-bn-cn- p- p. A-ß-s\ tem-i-am-si H-cp hym-]m-c-bp- -Øn-te-bv- v {]-th-in- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Cu hym-]m-c-bp- w F-tßm- m-wv \-bn- p-i F- h-en-b tnm-zy-øn-\v `mhn-bm-wv D-Ø-cw \ -ti- -Xv. a-dp-h-i-øv, Cu km-{am-py-xz cm-py-ß-sf- mw P-\-Po-hn-Xw Zpcn-X-a-b-am- pw-hn-[w \n-c- -cam-μyw, hy-h-km-b ap-c-sn- v, ]ncn- p-hn-s, sxm-gn-en- m-bv-a Xp- S-ßn-b cq- -am-b {]-iv-\-ßfn -s - v D-g-ep-I-bm-Wv. apsºm-cn- -epw D- m-im-ø X- c-øn-ep- P-\-Io-b {]-Xn-tj- [-Øn-\v P- w \ -Ip- -Xn-tebv- m-wv C-sX- mw F-Øn-t cp- -Xv. sxm-gn-em-fn ]-Wn-ap-S- p-i-fpw hn-zym - n k-a-c-ßfpw P-\-Io-b {]-t m-`-ß-fpsam-s A-e-b-Sn- p-b-cp- p. "hmƒ-kv-{so- v ]n-sn- -S- ', "A-d-_v h-k- w' t]m-ep- {]-ÿm-\-߃ ho- pw ho- pw D-b - p-h-cpw. F- m H-cp hn-π-h sxm-gn-em-fn-h - - t\-xr-xz-øn-s A-`m-hw-aq-ew C-sXm-s si- -S-ßp-I-bpw sn-øpw. tkm-hn-b- v bq-wn-b- \n-epw In-g- bq-tdm- n-epw ssn-\-bn-ep-sam-s \-S- {]- Xn-hn-π-h-ß-fn-eq-sS B cm-pyß-fn-se tkm-jy-en-kw X-I - -s -Sp-I am-{x-a-, A- v {]- _-e-am-bn-cp- I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv {]- ÿm-\-øn-\p-x-s h-ºn- Xncn- -Sn t\-cn-ts- n-h-cn-i-bpw snbv-x-im-cyw k-jm- ƒ- -dn-bma-t m. {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-]-c-hpw kmw-kv-im-cn-i-hp-am-b ]n- m- m-h-ÿ-bpw tkm-hn-b- v, ssn-\o-kv t\-xr-xz-ß-tfm-sp- bm-{ n-i-hpw A- -hp-amb hn-t[-b-xz-hpw-aq-ew I-Ωyq- Wn-Ãv ]m - n-iƒ- v B-[p-\n- I Xn-cp-Ø -hm-z-øn-s A- ]-I-Sw Xn-cn- -dn-bm-t\m {]-Xnhn-π-h-Øn-s Im-c-W-߃ I- s -Øm-t\m I-gn-bm-sX-t]mb Im-cyw h-f-sc-ap-ºp-x-s k-jm-hv in-_v-zm-kv tlm-jv Nq- n- m-wn- n- p- v. A-Xp-sIm- m-wv, tkm-hn-b- v tkm-jyen-kw X-I - -s - -t mƒ Cu I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv ]m - n-iƒ A- m-fn- p-t]m-ip-i-bpw {]-Xy-bim-kv-{X-]-c-am-b ]m- -c-øw-aqew \n-cm-i-bn-te-bv- pw X-f - -bn-te-bv- pw X-I - -bn-te-bv- pw Iq- p-ip-øp-i-bpw sn-bv- X-Xv. C- v ]-e cm-py-ß-fn-epw I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv F- -h-im-i-s -Sp- sn-dn-b ]m - n-i-fpw {Kq- p- I-fpw D-s - n-epw am -Iv-knkw- -se-\n-\n-k-sø- p-dn- v C- -sø km-l-n-cy-øn-\v \n-c- p- aq -Ø-am-b [m-c-w-bpss A-`m-hw-aq-ew {]-Xy-b-imkv-{X-]-c-am-b ]m- -c-øw t\- cn-sp- kw-l-s-\-i-fm-wv A-hsb- mw. k-jm-hv in-_v-zm-kv tlm-jv B-hn-jv-I-cn- am -Ivkn-k-Øn-s k-ºp-jv-s-am-b [m-c-w-bp-ss-bpw I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv ]m - n cq-]o-i-c-w-øn-\p- se-\n-\n-ãv co-xn-bp-ss hn-i-kn- X {]-tbm-k-øn-s -bpw A-Snÿm-\-Øn cq-]o-i-cn- -s - \-Ωp-sS ]m - n- v, F-kv-bp- (tijw 12 mw t]pn )

12 12 bqwn n \hw_ 2018 A-`y - -\... (11 mw t]pn \n v) kn-sf(-i-ωyq-wn-ãv) ]m - n- v am-{x-am-wv Cu {]-Xn-k- n-sb i-cn-bm-bpw [o-c-am-bpw a-dn-i-s- m-\m-b-xv. tkm-jy-en- Ãv hy-h-ÿ-bn-epw A- -t±io-b I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv {]-ÿm-\- Øn-epw h-f - p-h-cp- hn-]- Øn-s\- p-dn- v A-t±-lw ap- dn-bn- v \ -Ip-I-bpw B kml-n-cy-sø t\-cn-sp- -Xn-\p- i- -am-b {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{Xmbp-[w {]-Zm-\w sn-øp-i-bp-ap- m-bn. A-t±-l-Øn-s A-aqey-am-b ]mt-߃ ]n- p-s - \-Ωp-sS ]m - n-sb Cu {]-Xnk- n H- pw _m-[n- n- F- pam-{x-a-, am -Iv-kn-kw- -se-\n- \n-kw- -in-_v-zm-kv tlm-jv Nn- -bp-ss-bpw sxm-gn-em-fn-h - km -ΔtZ-io-b-X-bp-sS-bpw ]- Xm-I-tb- n-s m- v \-Ωp-sS ]m - n cm-py-sa-ºm-spw h-f - psim- n-cn- p-i-bp-am-wv. a-lm- m-cm-b am -Iv-kpw Gw-K -kpw tn - v cq-]w-\ - In-b c- mw C \m-j-w, H- mw tem-i-bp- k-a-b-øv A-[x-]-Xn- p-i-bpw am -Iv-knk-Øn-s A- x-k-ø ssish-sn- v Xn-cp-Ø hm-zn-i-fpss Xm-h-f-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bpw snbv-x-im-cyw Hm -an- p-a-t m. B \n -Wm-b-I k-μ -`-Øn a- lm-\m-b se-\n 2 mw C \m-j-w-en-se Xn-cp-Ø -hm-zn t\-xm- -sf {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-]- c-am-bn ]-cm-p-b-s -Sp-Øp-I-bpw am -Iv-kn-k-Øn-s hn-π-h-k- Ø Im-Øp-]p-e -Øp-I-bpw sn-bv-xp. B {]-{In-b-bn-eq-sS am -Iv-kn-k-sØ Iq-Sp-X k- ºp-jv -S-hpw hn-i-kn-x-hp-am- p-ibpw ap-x-em-fn-ø-øn-s ]p-xnb L- -am-b km-{am-py-xz Ime-L- -Øn-\v \n-c- pw-]-sn am - Iv-kn-k-Øn-s [m-c-w-sb ]p- Xn-sbm-cp X-e-Øn-te-bv- v D- b -Øp-I-bpw sn-bv-xp. C-Xns\-bm-Wv a-lm-\m-b Ãm-en, "km-{am-py-xz-øn-s -bpw sxmgn-em-fn-h - hn-π-h-øn-s -bpw Im-e-L- -Øn-se am -Iv-kn-kw' A-Y-hm se-\n-\n-kw F- v hnfn- -Xv. C-Xv hn-p-b-i-c-am-bn {]- tbm-k-øn h-cp-øn-s m- v d-jy-bn tkm-jy-en-ãv hn-πhw ]q -Øo-I-cn- p-i-bpw tkmhn-b- v bq-wn-b \n-e-hn h- cn-i-bp-ap- m-bn. Xp-S - v ssn- \-bn-epw hn-b- v-\m-an-epw D-Ø-csIm-dn-b-bn-epw ]q -Δ bq-tdm- nepw hn-π-hw hn-p-bw h-cn- p. tkm-jy-en-k-øn-s D- z-ehpw Kw-`n-c-hp-am-b Cu ap-t - -Øn-\n-S-bn Xn-cp-Ø -hm-zw X-e-s]m- p-i-bpw B-Xy- n-iam-bn _q -jzm {]-Xn-hn-π-hw tkm-jy-en-k-sø X-I - p-ibpw sn-bv-xp. C- v hn-hn-[ cm-py-ß-fn \-S- p- h -K- -_-lp-p-\ {]- t m-`-ß-sf \-bn- m-\pw A- h-bv- v i-cn-bm-b am -K-\n -t±iw \ -Im-\pw B cm-py-ßfn I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv ]m - n-iƒ cq-]o-i-cn- p-i-bpw A-h-sb i- n-s -Sp-Øp-I-bpw sn-øp-i F- -Xm-Wv A-Sn-b- -cm-h-iy- I-X. am -Iv-kn-kw- -se-\n-\nkw- -in-_v-zm-kv tlm-jv Nn- i-cn-bm-bn {K-ln- p-i-bpw {]- tbm-k-øn h-cp-øp-i-bpw sn-bv-xp-sim- p-am-{x-ta C- sø \n -Wm-b-I km-l-n-cy- Øn b-ym - I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv ]m - n-iƒ cq-]o-i-cn- m-\pw A-h-sb i- n-s -Sp-Øm-\pw km-[n- q F- m-wv R-߃ a-\- n-em- p- -Xv. am -Iv-kn-k- Øn-s Cu D-b - [m-c-w ]-I - v \ -In-s m- pw {]- N-cn- n- p-sim- pw a- p cm-pyß-fn-se sxm-gn-em-fn-h - -sø Cu hn-j-b-øn k-lm-bn- p-i F- -Xv \-Ωp-sS A- - t±-io-b I-S-a-bm-Wv. N-cn-{X-]- c-am-b Cu I-S-a ]q -Øo-I-cn- p- -Xn-\m-bn \-Ωp-sS ]m - nsb {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-]-c-am-bpw cm-jv-{so-b-am-bpw kw-l-s-\m-]- c-am-bpw [m -an-i-am-bpw Iq-Sp- X i- n-s -Sp-tØ- -Xp- v. Cu I -Ø-hy \n -Δ-l-W-Øns \m-μn-iq-sn-bm-wv ]m - n tim -{K- v. 4. ap-ºv, hn-ti-jn- v cq-]o- I-c-W L- -Øn-epw Xp-S - v G-Xm-\pw Z-im-_v-Z-ß-fn-epw, \- Ωp-sS ]m - n-bp-ss h-f - -bn \n-c-h-[n {]-Xn-_- -ß-sf A- `n-ap-jo-i-cn-t - n h- n- p- v. A-hn-`- I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv ]m - n-bpw Xp-S - v kn-]n-sf(- Fw)Dw i-cn-bm-b I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv ]m - n-bm-wv F- m-wv P-\- ߃ [-cn- n-cp- -Xv. A-h - v k-a-tcm- p-i-am-b kz-`m-h-hpw A- -sø A- -t±-io-b I- Ωyq-Wn-Ãv t\-xr-xz-øn-s ]n- tim-gn-t m-sv _-lp-p-\- Iq- mbva s]-t{sm-fn-bw- hn-e-h - -\m-hn-cp- P-\-Io-b-th-Zn-bp-sS t\-xr-xz-øn tim-gn-t msv \-S- _-lp-p-\-iq- m-bv-a -s{]m-^.kn.hn-ip-am-c D-Zv-Lm-S-\w snøp p. "a-\p-jy-xzw sim- v {]-f-bsø txm - n- -h ' Xn-cp-hm - n \-S- Zp-cn-Xm-izm-k {]- h -Ø-I-cp-sS kw-k-aw \-h-poh {S-Ãn ]n.bp.txm-a-kv D-Zv- Lm-S-\w sn-øp- p. A- Uz.hn.sI.k-Xy-hm \m-b, kn-]n-sf(fw) Pn- m- -Ωn- nbw-kw A-Uz.sI.A-\n -Ipam, _n.sp.]n a-fi-ew {]-kn- U v cm-pvtam-l -ssi-aƒ, p-w-bp-ap- m-bn-cp- p. B \n -Wm-b-I L- w a-dn-i-s- m k-jm-hv in-_v-zm-kv tlm-jn-\v am-xr-im-]-c-am-sbmcp t]m-cm- w-x-s \-bn-t - nh- p. C- v km-l-n-cyw Xn-I- pw hy-xy-kv-x-am-wv. kn-]nsf(-fw) C- v G-Xm- v ]q - W-am-bn-Ø-s Xp-d- p-im- s - n-cn- p- p. ]-g-b k-a-tcm- p-i-x-sbm-s A-h - v \- jv-s-s - n-cn- p- p. `-c-w-h - - Øn-s B-io -hm-z-tøm-ss sx-c-s -Sp- v t\- -߃ simøm A-h _q -jzm ]m - n- I-fp-am-bn N-ßm-Øw ÿm-]n- p-i-bm-wv. A-h {]-Xy-b-imkv-{X-]-c-am-bn ]m- -cm-wv. P-\- ߃- p-ap-ºn A-h kz-bw hn-e-bn-sn- p-i-bm-wv. kn-]nsf(-fw)s A-tX -]m-x ]n- p-s-cp- kn-]n-sf B-I-s hr- -cp-ss ]m - n-bm-bn-øo - n-cn- p- p. C-cp-]m - n-i-fpw Po -W-X-bp-sS ]m-x-bn-em-wv. \-Ωp-sS ]m - n-bp-ss {Zp-X-K-Xnbn-ep- h-f - -bv- v ]- n-b k- a-b-am-wn-xv. \-Ωp-sS ]m - n-bpss-bpw k-jm-hv in-_v-zm-kv-tlmjn-s -bpw t]-cp-t]m-epw ti- n- n- m-ø kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-epw ÿ-e-ß-fn-epw, h-en-b ]-Iz-Xsbm- p-an- m-ø k-jm- ƒt]m-epw k-jm-hv in-_v-zm-kv tlm-jn-s ]mt-ß-fp-am-bn P- \-ß-sf k-ao-]n- p-tºmƒ, k- Xy-k- -cm-b C-S-Xp-]- Nn- m-k-xn- m-cn -\n- pw _p- n- Po-hn-Iƒ, hn-zym - n-iƒ, bphm- ƒ, sxm-gn-em-fn-iƒ, I - j-i F- n-h-cn -\n- p-sams h-f-sc B-th-i-I-c-am-b {]-Xn-I-c-W-am-Wv e-`n- p- -Xv. Cu km-l-n-cyw {]-tbm-p-\- s -Sp-Ø-W-sa- n, ]p-xn-b ta-j-e-i-fn {]-h -Ø-\w B- cw-`n- p- -Xn-\m-bn, hn-zym - n- I-fpw sn-dp- - m-cp-am-b \n-ch-[n k-jm- -sf hn-hn-[ kwÿm-\-ß-fn sx-c-s -Sp- Øv, A-h - v B-h-iy-am-b ]- cn-io-e-\w \ -In hn-i-kn- ns -Sp- -Ww. aq- mw ]m - n tim -{K- n-s X-øm-sd-Sp- v {]-h -Ø-\-ß-fn A-Sn-b- -chpw kp-{]-[m-\-hp-am-b Cu I- S-a-Iq-Sn Dƒ-t - n-cn- p- p. 5. \-Ωp-tS-Xp-t]m-se H-cp b- Ym - I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv ]m - nsb kw-_- n- n-s-tøm-fw C- -sø A- -t±-io-b, tz-iob km-l-n-cy-߃ h-f-sc \n - Wm-b-I-am-Wv. H-cp Im-e-Øv i- -am-bn-cp- tem-i I-Ωyq-Wn- Ãv {]-ÿm-\-hpw tkm-jy-en-ãv tn-cn-bpw X-I - -s - n-cn- p- p. F-ßpw \n-cm-i ]-S - ncn- p- p. am -Iv-kn-kw- -se-\n- \n-k-hpw I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv B-i-bß-fpw \n-c- -c-am-b B-{I-a-W- Øn-\pw h-f-s m-sn- -ep-iƒ- pw hn-t[-b-am-bn-s m- n-cn- p- p. B-Z-c-Wo-b-cm-b am - Iv-kn-Ãv B-Nm-cy- m \n-c- cw A-]-hm-Z {]-Nm-c-W-߃- v C-c-bm-bn-s m- n-cn- p- p. bp- n-t_m-[-hpw [m -an-i aq-eyß-fp-sam-s X-I - -s -Sp-Ibm-Wv. C-Ø-c-sam-cp km-l-ncy-øn am -Iv-kn-kw- -se-\n- \n-k-øn-s, I-Ωyq-Wn-k-Øns a-l-\o-b-x Im-Øp-]p-e - Øp-I-bpw D-b -Øn- n-sn- p-ibpw sn-øp-i F- -Xv A-Sn-b- -c {]m-[m-\y-ap- -Xpw F- m G-sd ITn-\-X-c-hp-am-b H-cp I -Ø-hy-am-Wv. kp-{]-[m- \-am-b Cu I-S-a N-cn-{Xw \- Ωp-sS Np-a-en-em-Wv A - n- ncn- p- -Xv. A-Xn-\v h-f-sc Kuc-hm-h-l-hpw A-Sn-]-X-dm-Ø- Xpw \n- -b Zm -Vy-tØm-sSbp- -Xp-am-b H-cp k-a-cw B- h-iy-ap- v. k-jm- -fp-ss {]- Xy-b-im-kv-{X-]-c-hpw cm-jv-{sob-hpw kw-l-s-\m-]-c-hpw k-zm- Nm-c-]-c-hpw [m -an-i-hp-am-b \ne-hm-c-ap-b -Øp- -Xn-\p-th- n ]m - n- p- n \-S-tØ- Poh- -c-w t]m-cm- -am-w-xv. Po - Wn- ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿbp-ss A-S-bm-f-ß-fp-am-bm-Wv F- m k-jm- -fpw ]m - n-bnte-bv- v h-cp- -Xv. F- p-am-{xa-, Po -W-am-b ap-x-em-fn-ø km-l-n-cy-am-wv \-Ωp-sS Np- pap- -Xv. A-Xv A-\p-Zn-\w, A- \p-\n-an-jw \-sω A-[x-]-Xn- n- p- p. hy- n-hm-zw, A-l-, B-fl-{]-iw-k, hn-a -i-i-tcm-sv hn-tcm-[w, ÿm-\-tam-lw, D- tzym-k-ÿ a-t\m-`m-hw, I -Øhy-tØm-Spw A- -S- -tøm-sp-ap- A-ew-`m-hw, ti-{μo-b-xsb-bpw B-[n-Im-cn-I-X-sb-bpw Aw-Ko-I-cn- m-\p- ssh-ap- Jyw, B-Uw-_-c t{]-aw, D-]- t`m- r Xr-jv-W, {]-W-b-Ønepw c-xn-bn-epw k-zm-nm-cw ssi-sh-sn-b, Ip-Spw-_-tØm- Sp- Zu -_-eyw Xp-S-ßn-b-hbn-te-bv-s - mw h-gp-xn-ho-gm F.sI.c-ho-{μ, F-kv-F -Un- ]n im-jm {]-kn-u v F.Pn.N- {μ, F-kv-bp-kn-sF(kn) Pn- A-Xv C-S-bm- p- p. k-jm-hv in- _v-zm-kv tlm-jn-s ]mt-߃ ]n- p-s-cp- -Xn \n-c- -c Pm- {K-X ]p-e -Øn-bn-s - n Cu _q -jzm Xn- -Iƒ-s m-s \- Ωƒ C-c-bm-bn-Øo-cmw. a-c-wtøm-s-sp- p- ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿ-bp-ss k -Δmw-Ko-Wam-b Po -W-X-bp-sS Cu Ime-b-f-hn, H-fn- pw sx-fn- p-ap- _q -jzm B-{I-a- W-ß-sf sn-dp- m-\pw I-Ωyq- Wn-Ãv kz-`m-hw B -Pn- m-\pw A-Xv kw-c- n- m-\p-sam-s ITn-\-X-c-am-b k-a-cw B-h-iyam-sW- Im-cyw H-cn- -epw a- d- -cp-xv. H-cp \n-an-j-t\-c-sø Pm-{K-X- p-d-hpw A-ew-`m-hw A-s - n hn- p-ho-gv-n-bpw a- Xn, B -Pn- D- -X \n-e-hm-c- Øn -\n- v Xm-tg-bv- v ]-Xn- m. A-Xp-sIm- p-x-s, ssew-kn-i-x-b-s- w Po-hn-X- Øn-s k-a-kv-x ta-j-e-i-fnepw k-jm-hv in-_v-zm-kv tlmjn-s ]mt-߃ ]n- p-s - psim- p- \n-c- -c k-a-cw A-\n-hm-cy-X-bm-Wv. ]m - n kw- L-S-\ A-Sn-ap-Sn A-gn- p-]-wn- Xv ]p-xp-po-h \ -ti- -Xv Cu t]m-cm- -Øn-\v A-Xy- mt]- n-x-am-wv. c- -km- n- Xzw, {]m-bm-[n-iyw, tcm-kw F- n-h-sbm-s aq-ew ]-e X-eß-fn-ep-, {]m-bw-sn- -h-cpw sn-dp- - m-cp-am-b \n-c-h-[n hne-s - t\-xm- -sf-bpw kw- Lm-S-I-sc-bpw C-Xn-\-Iw-X-s ]m - n- v \-jv-s-s - n- p- v. Nne hr- -cm-bn, Nn-e im-co-cn- I-am-bn A-h-i-cm-bn, Nn-e ap -ssi-sø-sp- p- -Xn hn- pho-gv-n-bpw A-ew-`m-h-hpw Im- Wn- p. C-Xp-aq-ew F- m X-eß-fn-ep-ap- ]m - n L-S-I߃ ]p-\-kw-l-sn- n- p-i-bpw Np-dp-Np-dp- pw {]m-]v-xn-bp-ap- ]p-xn-b k-jm- ƒ- v D-b - D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-߃ \ -Ip-Ibpw sn-tø- -Xv B-h-iy-am-bnh- p. Cu I -Ø-hyw-Iq-Sn e- yw-h- p-sim- m-wv aq- mw- ]m - n tim -{K- v tn-cp- -Xv. Cu ]- m-ø-e-hpw ap- nep- I-S-a-I-fpw i-cn-bmw-h- Æw a-\- n-em- n-s m- v aq- mw-]m - n tim -{K- v hn-pbn- n- p- -Xn-\m-bn F- m X- e-ß-fn-ep-ap- k-jm- ƒ ap- n- n-d-ßp-sa- v Rm {]-Xymin- p- p. Xncp-hm - n Zpcn-Xm-izm-k {]-h -Ø-I-cp-sS kwkaw m- -Ωn- n-bw-kw C.hn.{]-Im-iv, hm -Uv sa-º si._n.in-h-zmkv F- n-h th-zn-bn.

13 bqwn n \hw_ \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bpw tdm-t_m- n-iv-kpw Artificial Intelligence And Robotics \n- -Ωn-X _p- n-bn-epw(artificial Intelligence)- tdm-t_m- n- Iv-kn-ep-(Robotics)ap- m-b A- p-x-i-c-am-b ]p-tcm-k-xn-bpw im-kv-{x-øn-s F- m ta-j-e-i-fn-ep-f-f A-h-bp-sS {]-tbm-khpw Xn-I- pw hn-kv-a-bn- n- p- -Xm-Wv. G-Xm-\pw Z-im-_v-Z-߃- p-ap-ºp-h-sc \-ap- v kz-]v-\w Im-Wm -t]m-epw I-gnbmXncp t\- -ß-fm-Wv C-Xp-h-gn D- m-bn- p- -Xv. kv-am - v t^m-wp-i-sf- pdn-t m, C -s\- n-se hn-]p-eam-b hn- m-\ ti-j-c-øn - \n- pw A-\m-bm-tk-\ hn-h-c߃ e-`y-am- p- sk - v F -Pn-\p-I-sf- p-dn-t m ss{u-h-dn- m-sx \n-c-øn-tem- Sp- Im-dp-Iƒ km-[y-am-ip- - Xn-s\- p-dn-t m ap-ºv B-sc- nepw Nn- n- n- p-t]m-epw D- mbn-cp-t m? A-s - n, e- - \n-ep-f-f tum-iv-s I - -Øbn-en-cn- p- tdm-t_m- p-i-fpss k-lm-b-tøm-ss A-Xn-kq- v-a-am-b i-kv-{x-{in-b-i-ƒ \- S-Øp- co-xn-sb- p-dn- v ]- v B-sc- n-epw Nn- n- n- p- m-bncp-t m? Ir-jn-bn-S-߃- v ap- I-fn ]-d- p-sim- v hn-f-isf- p-dn- pw a-æn-s\- p-dn- pw Im-em-h-ÿ-sb- p-dn- pw a- pw Ir-Xy-am-b hn-h-c-߃ \ -Ip- t{um-wp-i-sf- - n-tbm Ir- Xy-am-b A-f-hn h-f-hpw Io- S-\m-in-\n-bpw {]-tbm-kn- p-sim- v A-h-bp-sS D-]-tbm-Kw K- Wy-am-bn Ip-d-bv p- A-{Kn- t_m- p-i-sf(agribots- Agricultural Robots) p-dn-t m ]- v B - pw Nn- n- m t]m-epw ]- p-am-bn-cp- n-. D-ev- ]m-z-\-øn-s -bpw km-aq-ly-pohn-x-øn-s -bpw F- m ta-j-e- I-fn-epw C- v C-Ø-c-Øn \nc-h-[n D-Zm-l-c-W-߃ Im- Wm I-gn-bpw. \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bn-epw tdm-t_m- n-iv-kn-epw D- m-bn-s m- n-cn- p- \n-c- -c-am-b hn-im-k-øn-eq-ss C- Xn-epw F-{X-tbm h-en-b Imcy-߃ h-cm-\n-cn- p- -tx-bpf-fq. im-kv-{x- -km-t -Xn-I ta- J-e-I-fn-se C-Ø-cw hn-kv-a-bn- n- p- ]p-tcm-k-xn \n-c- -cw \-S- p- -Xv im-kv-{x ]p-tcm-k- Xn-sb t{]m- m-ln- n- p- ns - -txm t]m-i-s im-kv-{xob ho- -Ww D-b - p-h-cp- - Xn-s\ ]-e-co-xn-bn-epw X-S- - s -Sp-Øp-I-bpw, a-c-wm-k- ap- X-em-fn-Ø hy-h-ÿn-xn-sb apt m- p sim- p-t]m-im imkv-{x-øn-s km-t -Xn-I hn-zysb am-{xw D-]-tbm-Kn- p-i-bpw sn-øp- ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-hÿn-xn-bn-em-sw- -Xv {]-txy- Iw {i- n-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. I-ºyq- k-b -kn D mb hn-im-k-w Cu hn-j-bw N - sn-øp- -Xn-\p-ap-ºv -\n -Ωn-X _p- nbpw- tdm-t_m- n-iv-kpw- F- msw- v Np-cp- -Øn {]-Xn-]m- Zn-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. \n -Ωn- X _p- n H-cp ]T-\ hn-j-bsa- \n-e-bn 1956 X-s B-cw-`n- n-cp- p-sh- n-epw Cu cw-k-øv C-t mƒ Im-Wp- co- Xn-bn-ep-f-f ]p-tcm-k-xn- v C-cp- ]-søm- mw \q- m- n I- ºyq- k-b -kn-ep- m-b apt - -hp-am-bn A-Sp-Ø _- - ap- v. {]-Xy- -Øn a-\p-jys\-t m-se Nn- n- v {]-h -Øn- p- p-sh- v txm- p- b-{ ߃ cq-]-i - -\ sn-øp-hm-\mbn a-\p-jy-s _p- n-i- nsb- p-dn- v k-a-{k-am-bn ]Tn- p-i F- -Xm-Wv \n -Ωn-X _p- n- F- im-kv-{x-im-jbp-ss A-Sn-ÿm-\ e- y-ß-fnsem- v. {]-tbm-kn- p- ta-je-bp-ss B-h-iy-I-X-bv- -\p-kcn- v `m-jm-im-kv-{xw(linguistics), bp- n-im-kv-{xw(logic), \m-uo-im-kv-{xw(neuro science), sa-jo te-wnw-kv (Mechine learning), Ãm- n-ãn- A-\m-en-kn-kv(Statistic-al Analysis) Xp-S-ßn-b hn-hn-[ im-kv-{x- hn-j-b-ß-sf D-]-tbm- Kn- v k-hn-ti-j-hpw A-Xy- w km-t -Xn-I-hp-am-b K-th-j-W {]-h -Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv \n -Ωn-X _p- n F- ta-j-e-bn \-S- p- -Xv. D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn Cu cw-k-sø K-th-j-I h -txm- Xn-ep- hn-h-c-߃ A-Xn-th- Kw hn-i-i-e-\w sn-bv-xv A-\p- `-h-ß-fn - \n- pw ]Tn- p-sim- v Iq-Sp-X D-b - co-xnbn {]-h -Øn- m-\p-, A- Xy- w k- o -Æ-am-b K-Wn-Xim-kv-{X co-xn-(mathematical Algorithm)I-fp-]-tbm-Kn- p- I-ºyq- t{]m-{km-ap-iƒ D- m- m \n -Ωn-X _p- n D-]- tbm-kn- p- p. ap -Iq- n t{]m- {Kmw sn-bv-x \n -t±-i-߃ (Instructions) A-\p-k-cn- v b- { -߃ a-\p-jy-\p-am-bn a- - cn- p- I-fn-I-sf (Games) D- Zm-l-c-W-am-bn F-Sp- mw. K-Wn- X-im-kv-{X co-xn-iƒ D-]-tbm- Kn- v {]-h -Øn- p- sa-jo te-wnw-kv hn-zy-i(mechine Learning Techniques)fm \n-b- { n- -s -Sp- b-{ -߃- v Hm-tcm I-fn-bn -\n- pw e-`n- p- hn-h-c-߃ kq- n- p-h- pw hn-i-i-e-\w sn-bv-xpw -"A-\p- `-h-ß-fn' -\n- pw "]Tn- m ' I-gn-bpw. C-Ø-c-Øn "\n -Ωn- X _p- n-' D-]-tbm-Kn- p- tdm-t_m- p-iƒ a-\p-jy-\p-ambn hn-p-b-i-c-am-bn I-fn- m ]Tn- p-sh- p-am-{x-a- sn- v t]m-ep-f-f X-{ -{]-[m-\-am-b a- -c- -fn-i-fn tem-i-nm- ºy -am-sc-t m-epw txm- - n- n- p-ap- v. \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bpw tdmt_m- n-iv-kpw X-Ωn h-f-scb-sp-ø _- -am-wp-f-f-xv. b- { -a-\p-jy-s (Robots) cq-]- I - -\-bpw \n -Ωm-W-hpw {]- h -Ø-\-hpw A-Xp-am-bn _- - s - B-i-b-cq-]o-I-c-W-hp-am- Wv tdm-t_m- n-iv-kn-s {]-Xn- ]m-z-\ hn-j-b-߃. \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bm-i-s b-{ -a-\p-jysc {]-txy-i {]-hr-øn-iƒ- "_p- n-]-c-am-bn' -sn-øm kzbw {]m-]v-x-cm- p- I-ºyq- {]m-{km-ap-i-ƒ kr-jv-sn- m-\m- Wv D-]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xv. C-Xp-hsc D-]-tbm-Kn- p-h-, a-\pjy \n-b-{ n- p- b-{ -ßfn -\n- pw hy-xy-kv-x-am-bn a- \p-jy-cp-ss \n-b-{ -W-an- m-sx kz-x-{ -am-bn {]-txy-i {]-hr- Øn-Iƒ sn-øm {]m-]v-x-cm- -s - b-{ -ß-fm-Wv tdmt_m- p-iƒ. (]p-d-øp-\n- pw e- `n- p- k-tμ-i-ß-ƒ Xn-cn- dn-bm- {]m-]v-xn-bp- D-]-I-c- W-ß-f-S-ßn-b Cu b-{ -a-\pjy {]-h -Ø-\w B-cw-`n- p- -Xp-X-s C-Ø-cw k-tμ-iß-tfm-sv {]-Xn-I-cn- p-sim- m- Wv.) ssk-_ -s\- n-iv-kpw(cybernetics) I-ºyq- k-b kpw Dƒ-s -ss hn-hn-[ im-kv- {X-im-J-Iƒ tn - H-cp ]T- \-hn-j-b-am-wv tdm-t_m- n-iv-kv. \n -Ωn-X _p- n D-Z-bw sn-øp- -Xn-\v G-Xm- v H-cp Z-im-_v- Zw ap-ºp-h- ssk-_ -s\- n- Iv-kv, K-Wn-X-im-kv-{Xw, Po-him-kv-{Xw, i-co-c-im-kv-{xw,\m- Uo-im-kv-{Xw Xp-S-ßn-b im-kv- {X-hn-j-b-ß-fp-sS H-cp kw-tbm- P-\-am-Wv. Po-h-\p- h-kv-xp- -fn-epw b-{ -ß-fn-ep-ap- hm -Øm-hn-\n-a-b \n-b-{ -W kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fm-wv ssk-_ - s\- n-iv-kn-s {]-Xn-]m-Z-\-hn-jbw. Nn-e {]-txy-i \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ F-Sp- m t{]-cn- n- p- ^o- Uv-_m- v eq- p-i-f-s-ßn-b-xm- Wv hm -Øm-hn-\n-a-b \n-b-{ - W kw-hn-[m-\w. b-{ -a-\p-jys D-ev-]m-Z-\w am-{x-a-, I- ºyq- kw-hn-[m-\-hpw tdmt_m- n-iv-kn Dƒ-s -Sp- p F- -Xm-Wv a-\- n-em-t - a- s m-cp Im-cyw. b-{ -a-\p-jy-s kr-jv-sn F-ßn-s\ hn-hn-[ ta- J-e-I-fn Hmt m-taj (Automation) sim- p-h-cp- p F- -Xp-t]m-se X-s I-ºyq- -h -Ir-X kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fnse {]-{In-b-I-fn tdm-t_m- n- Iv-kv Hmt m-taj sim- p-hcp- p. C-Xn-s ^-e-am-bn a-\pjy I-ºyq- -dn sn-bv-xp-h- B-h -Ø-\-kz-`m-h-ap- {]-hr-øn-iƒ C-\n bm-{ n-iam- mw. A-Xm-b-Xv C-\n-ap-X C-Ø-cw {]-hr-øn-i-ƒ H-cn- epw hn-{i-an- m-ø tkm-^v- v sh-b tdm-t_m- p-iƒ A-Yhm sh -Nz A-kn-à v (Virtual Assistant) sn-øpw. I- ºyq- A-Y-hm tdm-t_m- n-iv t{]m-k-kv Hm-t m-ta-j (Robotic Process Automation) F- -dn-b-s -Sp- Cu kw-hn-[m- \w _m- nw-kv, hn-h-c-km-t -Xn- I hn-zy, tk-h-\ ta-j-e, hym- ]m-c-ta-j-e Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bn hn-hn-[ {]-hr-øn-iƒ snøm D-]-tbm-Kn- mw. C- v tdm-t_m- n-iv t{]m-k-kv Hmt m-ta-j ]q -Æ-tXm-Xn ÿm-]n- -s - n- n-s - n -t]mepw ]-e cw-k-ß-fn-epw A-hbp-sS D-]-tbm-Kw h - n- psim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. sh -Nz A-kn-à n-s\ (Virtual Assistant) Nn-e-t mƒ C-S-]m-Sp-Im-cp-am-bn kw-km-cn- m-\pw D-]-tbm-Kn- m-dp- v. A-\p-`-h-ß-fn \n- pw ]Tn- m-\p-f-f C-h-bp-sS I-gn-hv Imc-Ww Iq-Sp-X \- co-xn-bn kw-km-cn- p-sim- v C-S-]m-Sp- Im-cn D-b - X-e-Øn-ep-ff kw-xr-]v-xn kr-jv-sn- p- ps - v ]-d-b-s -Sp- p. Nuance F- I-º-\n-bp-sS Un- Pn- I-Ã-a F -tk-pv-sa v skm-eyq-j hn-`m-k-øn-s P- \-d am-t\-p-cm-b s_ -\m - Uv tem-hmxns A-`n-{]m-b-{]- Im-cw "H-cp sh -Nz A-kn- à n-\v a-\p-jy-s C-S-s]-S-en- m-sx-x-s sam-øw C-S-]m- Sp-Im-cp-am-bp- kw-`m-j-w-ßfp-ss i-x-am-\w h-sc C- t mƒ ssi-im-cyw sn-øm-\mhp- p- v- A- p-h -jw ap-ºv C-Xv i-x-am-\w am-{x-ambn-cp- p'. ap -Iq- n t{]m-{kmw sn-bv-x thm-bv-kv I-am p-i-fpw Aƒ-tKm-cn-X-ß-fpw Dƒ-s -Sp-, i-_v-z-ß-sf Xn-cn- -dn-bm-\p- km-t -Xn-I hn-zy-bp-ss A- Sn-ÿm-\-Øn \n -Ωn-X _p- n D-]-tbm-Kn- v a-\p-jy-i-_v- Zw a-\- n-em- m-\p- {i-a-hpw \-S- p- p- v. C-Xn-\m-I-s, i- _v-z-øn-s A - -hpw k-μ - `-hpw Dƒ-s m- p-sim- p-am- {X-ta I-gn-bq F- -Xn-\m Xn- I- pw hy-xy-kv-x-am-b X-e- Øn-ep- -Xp-am-Wv. b-{ -a-\pjy-s\ tnm-zyw tnm-zn- m ]Tn- n- p-sim- v C-Xp-am-bn _- -s - v Nn-e sn-dn-b Im -shbv-]p-i-ƒ \-S-Øn-bn- p- v. tpmen ÿ-e-ß-fn-se Hmt mtaj Iq-Sp-X kzo-im-cy-am- m-\m-bn hn-hn-[ D-t±-i-߃- m-bp-, Im-Wm a-\p-jys\-t m-ep- tdm-t_m- p-i-sf (Humanoid Robot) Iq-Sp-X-embn \n -Ωn- p-sim- n-cn- p-ibm-wv. {]-kn- -am-b "-tkm-^nb' F- tkm-jy tdm-t_m- n\v kw-km-cn- p-tºmƒ hn-hn- [ ap-j-`m-h-߃ {]-I-Sn- n- m I-gn-bp-sa- h-kv-xp-x Cu cw-k-øp- m-b ap-t - w F-{X-tØm-f-am-sb- v hy- - am- p- p. (hym-]m-c ÿm-]-\- ߃, _m- p-iƒ,-i-s-iƒ Xp- S-ßn-b-h-bn D-]-tbm-Kn- m-hp- tdm-t_m- p-i-fp-ss B-Zy-am- Xr-I-bm-bn-cp- p C-Xv) P-\-ßfp-am-bn kw-km-cn- m-\pw hn- Im-c-ß-fpw k-lm-\p-`q-xn-bpw {]-I-Sn- n- m-\pw I-gn-hp-s - v ]-d-b-s -Sp- t]-gv-k-w tdm-t_m- p-i-sf-bpw \n -Ωn- n- p- v. P- m-\n-se SoftBank Robotics Corporation F- ÿm-]-\w \n -Ωn-, hn-im-c-ßfpw k-lm-\p-`q-xn-bpw {]-I-Sn- n- m ]- p-sa- v ]-d-bp- B-Zy-sØ t]-gv-k-w tdmt_m- m-b s]- (Pepper) hn - -\-bv- v sh- -t mƒ B-bn-cw F-Æw H-cp-an-\n- p-sim- v hn- p-t]m-b-xm-bn ]-d-b-s -Sp- p. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw Cu tdm-t_m- p-i-sf hm-ßm-\p- ]p-xn-b Hm -U-dp-I-fp-sS H-cp {]-f-bw-xs D- m-hp-i-bpw A-Xv Imc-Ww B I-º-\n C-\n-ap-X ]p-xn-b tdm-t_m- p-iƒ- p-f-f Hm -U-dp-Iƒ kzo-i-cn- n- F- Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp- m \n -_- n-x-am-hp-i-bpw sn-bv-xp. Cu ta-j-e-bn-ep- m-b h-ºn- ]ptcm-k-xn-bp-ss sh-fn- -Øn a- \p-jykz-`m-hw tdm-t_m- p-i-fpss ta B-tcm-]n- p- A- Xn-hn-Nn-{X-am-b A-h-Im-i-hm-Zß-fpw ]-e-t m-gpw D- m-bn. ]- t \-Ωƒ a-\- n-em-t - - Xv Cu t\- -ß-ƒ F- mw F- {X-X-s k- o -Æ-hpw D-b - -Xp-am-sW- n-epw A-h-sb- mw sa-jo te-wnw-kn-s -bpw I-ºyq- k-b -kn-s -bpw A- Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep- -Xm-Wv. D-Zml-c-W-am-bn, a-\p-jy-s kwkm-cw b-ym - -Øn a-\- n- em- -W-sa- n Nn- n- m-\p- I-gn-hv, B-i-b-kw-ln-X, b- Ym - hn-im-c-߃ Xp-S-ßn- (tijw 14 mw t]pn )

14 14 bqwn n \hw_ 2018 Artificial Intelligence And Robotics hn-kv-a-bn- n- p- imkv{x]p-tcm-k-xnbpw km-aq-ly {]-Xym-Lm-X-ßfpw (13 mw t]pn \n v) b a-\p-jy k-l-p-am-b ti-jn- I-fpw kz-`m-h Kp-W-ß-fpw th- Ww. C-Xv km-[y-am-ip- -Xv a- \p-jy-s sk- v kn- kn-ã-øn-eq-ss-bm-sw- -Xv s{_-bn ^n-kn-tbm-f-pn k- a - n- -Xm-Wv. A-Xp-sIm- v \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bpw sa-jo te-wnw-kpw F-{X-X-s hn-ikn- m-epw C-Xp-]-tbm-Kn- p- tdm-t_m- p-iƒ `m-hn-bn F- {X-X-s km-a - y -ap-f-f-hbm-bm-epw b-ym - -Øn-ep-f-f _p- n-bpw bp- n-nn- -bpw F- pw a-\p-jy-k-l-pw am-{x-ambn-cn- pw. A-Xp-sIm- v \-Ωƒ F-t m-gpw a-\- n kq- nt - -sx-s - m \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bp-ss t\- -߃ F-{X-Xs I-Æ- n- n- p- -Xm-sW- n-epw A-Xv a-\p-jy-s _p- n-i- n-bm \n -Ωn- -s - - Xm-sW- pw A-Xn-\v A-Xn-s \n -Ωm-Xm-hm-b a-\p-jy-s\ H- cn- -epw a-dn-i-s- m-\m-hn-s - - Xp-am-Wv. \m-k-cn-i-x-bp-ss ap-t - -Øn-\v A-]m-c-am-b km-[y-x-iƒ Xp-d p- p \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bn-epw tdmt_m- n-iv-kn-epw A-Xn-th-K-ap- m-b hn-im-k-hpw im-kv-{x- Øn-s F- m im-j-i-fn-ep-ap- A-h-bp-sS {]-tbm-k-hpw "km-a - y-'ap- b-{ -ß-fpsS-bpw tdm-t_m- p-i-fp-ss-bpw I-ºyq- t{]m-{km-ap-i-fp-ssbpw \n -Ωn-Xn-bn hn-π-h-i-cam-b ap-t - w kr-jv-sn- n-cn- p- I-bm-Wv. C-Xv a-\p-jy kw-kv- m-c-øn-\pw \m-k-cn-i-x-bv- pw-ap- n A-]m-c-am-b km- [y-x-iƒ Xp-d- p-i-bm-wv. tpm-en-bn-se hn-c-k-x am- ns m- v, \-Sp-shm-Sn- p- A- zm-\-øn-\v A-h-[n \ -Ins m- v, B-h -Ø-\ kz-`m-hap- -Xpw {i-a-i-c-hp-am-b tpmen-i-fn -\n- v tam-nnx\mbn, Xm -]-cy-ap-w -Øp- -Xpw A - -h-øm-b-xpw {In-bm-fl- I-hp-am-b tpm-en-i-fn G - s -Sm a-\p-jy-\v C-Xv A-hk-cw \ -Ip- p. am-{x-hp-a- ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿn-xn-bn sxm-gn-em-fn-iƒ sn-øm \n - _- n-x-am-ip- ]-e A-]-I- S km-[y-x-i-fp- tpm-en-ifn -\n- pw A-h-sc tam-nn- n- m-\pw tdm-t_m- p-i-fp-ss D-]- tbm-kw sim- v km-[y-am-ipw. tdm-t_m- n-iv-kn-epw tdm-t_m- p- I-fn-epw D- m-ip- ]p-tcm-k- Xn-bpw A-h \-Ωp-sS k-aq-l- Øn- hym-]n- p- -Xn-\p-a-\pk-cn- v P-\-߃- v Ip-d- v k- a-bw tpm-en-sn-bv-xp-sim- v Iq-Sp-X D-ev-]m-Zn- n- m-\p- km-l-n-cyw kw-pm-x-am-hp- p. A-ßn-s\ Hm-tcm a-\p-jy-\pw, A-h-s tpm-en F- p-x-s bm-bm-epw, hn-zym-`ym-k- -kmwkv-im-cn-i D-Zy-a-߃- m-bn Iq- Sp-X H-gn-hp k-a-bw I-s - Øn-s m- v X-s hy- n-pohn-x-hpw km-aq-ly-po-hn-x-hpw Iq-Sp-X A - -h-øm-b-xpw kp-μ-c-am-b-xp-am- n-øo - m I-gn-bp-I F- -Xv C-\nap-X sh-dp-sam-cp `m-h-\-b- m- Xm-bn-cn- p- p- Cu im-kv-{x km-t -Xn-I t\- -߃ a-\p-jyk-aq-l-øn-s \- -bv- m-bn D- ]-tbm-kn- p-i-bm-sw- n am- {Xw. C- v \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bpw tdm-t_m- n-iv-kpw F-s - nepw t\- w sim- p-h-cm-ø ta- J-e-Iƒ hn-c-f-am-wv. B-tcm-Ky- ]-cn-]m-e-\ cw-k-øv am-{xw \nc-h-[n t\- -ß-fm-Wv sim- ph- n- p- -Xv-. tdm-t_m- p-iƒ D- ]-bm-kn- p i-kv-{x-{in-b-iƒ Ip-d- th-z-\-bpw ap-dn-hpw am- {Xw D- m- p- -Xpw tcm-kn- v A-Xn-th-Kw kp-jw {]m-]n- m I-gn-bp- -h-bp-am-wv. C- \n tcm-k-\n -Æ-b-Øn-s Imcy-sa-Sp- mw. A -_p-z tcm-k- \n -Æ-bw \-S-Øm k-lm-bn- p- \n -Ωn-X _p- n, Kq- Knƒ F- I-º-\n-bp-sS am-xrÿm-]-\w hn-i-kn- n-s -Sp-Øncn- p- p. \n -Ωn-X _p- n D- ]-tbm-kn- v ]-e tcm-k-߃- pap- a-cp- p-iƒ F-fp- -Ønepw Ip-d- k-a-b-øn-\p- nepw hn-i-kn- n-s -Sp- m I- gn-bp- p. t\-gv-knw-kv cw-k-øpw \n -Ωn-X _p- n D-]-tbm-K-s - Sp-Øp- p- v. A-]-I-Sw-]n-Sn- c- m-{]-h -Ø-\-߃- pw-a- pw tdm-t_m- p-i-fp-ss k-lmbw A-aq-ey-am-Wv. a-\p-jy-\v I- S- p-sn- m ]- m-ø ]-e ta- J-e-I-fn-ep-ap- ]-cy-th-j-w- Øn-\v tdm-t_m- p-iƒ Iq-Sn-tb- Xo-cq. D-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, A-Sp- Ø-Im-e-Øm-bn ^p- p-jn-abn H-cp ss]- n - q-sn I-S- Øm am-{xw h-ep- -ap- H- cp tdm-t_m- n-s\ D-]-tbm-Kn- v D-cp-In-b H-cp \yq- o-b dn-bm- Iv-S-dn-s B- -cn-i-`m-kw ]-cntim-[n- p-i-bp- m-bn. A-Xn- \m \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bn-epw tdm-t_m- n-iv-kn-epw \n-c- -cw D- m-bn-s m- n-cn- p- hn- Im-k-Øn-\v Po-hn-X-Øn-s F- m ta-j-e-i-fn-epw A-Xp-t]mse X-s D-ev-]m-Z-\ cw-k-øpw hn-π-h-i-c-am-b ]p-tcm-k-xn D- m- m I-gn-bp-sa- -Xn-\pw A-tX-t]m-se-X-s Im-em-hÿm hy-xn-bm-\-apƒ-s -ss a- \p-jy-k-aq-lw A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn- p- ]-e A-Sn-b- -c {]m-[m- \y-ap- {]-iv-\-߃ ]-cn-l-cn- m k-lm-bn- p-sa- -Xn-epw X - -an-. ]-t C- -sø ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿn-xn-bn Cu D- z-e-am-b t\- -ß-ƒ F- n-\v th- n-bm-wv D-]-tbm-Kn- m t]m-ip- -Xv F- -Xm-Wv {]-k- -am-b tnm-zyw. ^yq-uen-k-øn-se C-cp- Im-e-L- -Øn-\p-]p-d-tØ-bv- v k-aq-lsø \-bn- im-kv-{xo-b Nn- m-k-xn-sb ]-cn-t]m-jn- n- p- -Xn-\pw k-aq-l-øn-s P-\m- [n-]-xy-h - -c-w-øn-\pw-th- n hm-zn- ap-x-em-fn-ø-a- C- v \n-e-\n - p- -Xv. ]- v A- -sø km-aq-ln-i B-h-iy-I- X-sb ]q -Øo-I-cn- m-\m-bn, im-kv-{x-øn-s -bpw km-t -Xn- I hn-zy-bp-ss-bpw k-lm-btøm-ss D-ev-]m-Z-\-Øn hn-πh-i-c-am-b ap-t - w kr-jv-sn- psim- v ap-x-em-fn-øw k-aq-lsø ]p-tcm-k-xn-bn-te-bv- v \- bn- p. ]-t C- v ap-x-em-fn- Øw {]-Xn-tem-a-I-c-am-bn am-dnbn-cn- p- L- -Øn A-Xv im-kv-{x-øn-s -bpw km-t -Xn- I hn-zy-bp-ss-bpw ap-t - -Øn- \v ]-e-co-xn-bn-epw hn-lm-xw kr-jv-sn- p-i-bm-wv. A-Xp-t]mse-X-s ]- v ln-tcm-jn-a-bnepw \m-k-km- n-bn-epw B- w t_mw-_p-sim- p- B-{I-a- W-Øn-eq-sS `o-i-c-x kr-jv-sn- -Xp-t]m-se C- v ap-x-em-fn- Øw Cu im-kv-{x-øn-s t\- -ß-sf k-aq-l-øn-s\-xn-sc ho- pw- D-]-tbm-Kn- m-\p- km- [y-x-bpw \n-e-\n - p- p- v. \n -Ωn-X_p- n Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sn-øp- ap-x-em-fn-øw \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bn-epw tdmt_m- n-iv-kn-ep-ap- K-th-j-W- Øn-\m-bn {]-Xn-tcm-[ h-ip- p- Iƒ ]-Ww sn-e-hm- p- p F- -Xv D - -WvT D-f-hm- p- H-cp h-kv-xp-x-bm-wv. D-Zm-l-c- W-am-bn, A-ta-cn- -bn bq- Wn-th-gv-kn- n-i-fn-epw I-º-\n-Ifn-epw \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bn-epw tdm-t_m- n-iv-kn-ep-ap- K-thj-W-߃ kv-t]m -k snbv-xp-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) B- Wv. Iq-Sm-sX DARPA hn-hn-[- ß-fm-b I-gn-hp-I-fp- tdmt_m- p-iƒ hn-i-kn- n- m D- b - kw-jy ]m-cn-txm-jn-iw \ -In-s m- v \n-c-h-[n a- - c-߃ B-h -Øn- v kw-l-sn- n- p- p- v. h -j-ß-fm-bn \- S- p- C-Ø-cw a- -c-߃ \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bp-ss-bpw tdmt_m- n-iv-kn-s -bpw ta-j-e-ifn h -txm-xn-ep- ]p-tcm- K-Xn-bp- m- n-bn- p- v.- C- t mƒ ar-k-ß-fp-ss-tbm {]m- Wn-I-fp-sS-tbm b-{ -ß-fp-sStbm F- n-\v a-\p-jy-s -X-s cq-]-øn-epw h-ep- -Øn-ep-ap- - Xpw ]-e-co-xn-bn-ep- I-gn-hp- I-fp- -Xpw hn-hn-[ B-h-iy-I- X-Iƒ \n-d-th- m D-X-Ip- - Xp-am-b \n-c-h-[n tdm-t_m- p-isf kr-jv-sn- n- p- v. 180 In-tem- {Kmw `m-cw F-Sp-Øp-sIm- v G- Xp-X-cw {]-X-e-Øn-epw k- cn- m-hp-, sk -k-dp-iƒ D- ]-tbm-kn- v B-sc-sb- n-epw ]n- p-s-cm I-gn-bp-, A-s - n t m-_ s]m-kn-j-\nw- Kv kn-ãw D-]-tbm-Kn- v H-cp {]- txy-i ÿ-e-øv F-Øn-t cm I-gn-bp- \m-b-bp-ss cq- ]-Øn-ep-f-f tdm-t_m- v(robotic Dog) H-cp-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. t m-_ s]m-kn-j-\nw-kv kn- Ã-hpw ho-un-tbm Iym-a-d-bpw D-]-tbm-Kn- v {]-txy-i ÿ-e- Øp t]m-bn ho-un-tbm- Zr-iy߃ F-Sp- m I-gn-hp- -Xpw ]-c-kv-]-cw Iq- n-ap- m-sx ]-d- m I-gn-hp- -Xp-am-b tdmt_m- v i-e-`-߃ (Robot Dragon Flies )a-s m-cp-zm-l-c-wam-wv. c- m-{]-h -Ø-\-߃- pw a- v P-t\m-]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-b B-h-iy-߃- pw C-sXm-cp hne-s - kw-`m-h-\-bm-wv. A-Xpt]m-se-X-s C-Ø-cw tdmt_m- p-i-sf ssk-\n-i B-hiy-߃- pw D-]-tbm-Kn- m-\mhp- -h-bm-sw- -Xv hy- -am- Wv. A-ta-cn- ssk-\yw C- dm- n-epw A-^v-Km-\n-ÿm-\nepw B-bn-c- -W- n-\v tdmt_m- p-i-sf D-]-tbm-Kn- -Xm-bn dn-t m - v sn-ø-s - n- p-s - nepw C-h-bn-sem- pw-x-s B- bp-[-߃ L-Sn- n- n- p- m-bn-cp- n-. "km-aq-ly {]-h -Ø-\- ߃-' pw "kw-lm-s-\'øn- \pw t]-cp-ti- D-dp-ºp-I-fpsS "km-aq-ly kz-`m-hw-' {]-I- Sn- n- p- "Bionic ants s\ krjv-sn- m-\p-f-f K-th-j-W-߃ \-S- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. h- f-sc sn-dn-b-h-bm-b-xn-\m C- h-sb F- n-\o-b-dnw-kv D-]-tbm- Kn- v \n -Ωn- m I-gn-bn-. ]- I-cw {Xo-Un {]n nw-kn-eq-ss-bm- Wv C-h-sb kr-jv-sn- p- -Xv. im-kv-{xo-b-am-bn h-f-sc-b- [n-iw km-[y-x-i-fp- -Xm-sW- n -t m-epw A-h-km-\w ]-d- c- p-x-cw tdm-t_m- p-isf Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sn-øm-\p- km-[y-x-bpw Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv. Imc-Ww B-bp-[ hy-h-km-b ÿm-]-\-߃ bp- -cw-k-tøbv- m-bn tdm-t_m- v ssk-\n-isc-bpw(robot Soldier) sim-ebm-fn tdm-t_m- p-i-sf-bpw (Killer Robot) kr-jv -Sn- m-\p- {i-a-øn-em-wv. Cu hn-j-b- Øn A-Xo-h D - -WvT tc- J-s -Sp-Øn-s m- v \n -Ωn-X _p- n- -tdm-t_m- n-iv-kv ta-j-e- I-fn-se hn-z-kv- C-Xn-s A- ]-I-S-sØ- p-dn- v ap- -dn-bn- v \ -In-bn- p- v. kz-bw \n-b- { n-x B-bp-[(Autonomous Weapon) cw-k-sø hn-z-kv- t]mƒ kv-im tdm-t_m- p-i-fpss Iq- -Øn-\v bp- -cw-k-øv Iq- Sp-X hn-\m-i-im-cn-bm-b am- w h-cp-øm-\p- I-gn-hp-s - v hn-i-zo-i-cn- n- p- v. C-sXm- pw sh-dpw Du-lm-t]m-l-ß-f-. h - n- p-h-cp- I-tºm-f {]-Xnk- n Im-c-Ww ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿn-xn-bp-ss \n-e-\n - v- X-s A-]-I-S-Øn-em-bn-cn- ptºmƒ k-º-zv-l-s-\-bp-ss ssk-\n-i h - -c-ww, A-Xmb-Xv B-bp-[ \n -Ωm-W-Øn-eqsS k-º-zv-l-s-\-bv- v Ir-{Xn-aam-b D-tØ-P-\w \ -ti- - Xpw {]m-tz-in-i-am-b kw-l - j-ß-fpw bp- -ß-fpw D- m- ns m- v Cu B-bp-[-߃- v hn-]-wn I-s -tø- -Xpw B-h-iy-I-X-bm-bn-cn- p-i-bm- Wv. X-Zv-^-e-am-bn ssk-\n-i ta- [m-hn-xz-øn-\pw B-bp-[- tºm-f-øn-se ta-[m-hn-xz-øn- \pw kz-bw \n-b-{ n-x B-bp- [-߃- Dƒ-s -ss-bp- B-bp- [-hn-]-wn-bn A-ta-cn-, ssn-\, d-jy, {_n-, Xp-S-ßnb ap-x-em-fn-ø- -km-{am-py-xz cm-py-߃ B-bp-[- - bøn G -s - p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. s] -K {]-Jym- ]n- Third Offset Stra-tegy, tdmt_m- n-iv-kv, Hm-t m-w-a-kv kn- Ãw-kv, _n-kv-um- m Xp-S-ßn-bh-bv- v Du- \ -Ip- p-sh- -Xv C-Xn-s hy- -am-b kq- N-\-bm-Wv. C-Xn-s\-Øp-S - v 2017 Pq-sse-bn ssn-\ A- h-x-cn- n- A-Xn-s Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan \n - Ωn-X _p- n- v \n -Æm-b-Iam-b ÿm-\-am-wv \ -In-bncn- p- -Xv. _n-_n-kn \yq-kpw \yqtbm - v sssw-kpw dn-t m - v sn-bv-x-x-\p-k-cn- v Kq-Kn-fn-s am-xr-ÿm-]-\w h -em-`w e-`n- p- s] -K-Wn-s "Maven' -t{]m-p-iv-sv F-Sp-Ø-t mƒ A- Xv I-º-\n- p- n h -txm- Xn-ep- {]-Xn-tj-[-Øn-\v C- S-bm- n. Cu t{]m-p-iv-sv A-tacn- -bp-ss t{um-wp-iƒ F-Sp- Ø ho-un-tbm C-ta-Pp-I-sf \n -Ωn-X _p- n D-]-tbm-Kn- v hym-jym-\n- m-\pw \-K-c-ß-sf ap-gp-h \n-co- n- p-sim- v Iq-Sp-X kq- v-a-am-bn D- w h-bv- m-\pw D-t±-in- p- -Xm-Wv. \n -Ωn-X _p- n D-]-tbm-Kn- v am-c-im-bp-[-߃ \n -Ωn- m-\p- Kq-Kn-fn-s Cu B-Zy ]- -Xn-bn D-Xv-I-WvTm-Ip-e-cm-b B-bn-c- -W- n-\v K-th-j-Icpw Cu cw-k-sø hn-z-kv- -cpw C-Xn {]-Xn-tj-[w tc-j-s - Sp-Øn-s m- v I-º-\n- v I- Ø-b-bv- p-i-bpw \n-c-h-[n K- th-j-i tpm-en cm-pn-h-bv- p- I-bpw sn-bv-xp. Cu t{]m-p-iv- (tijw 15 mw t]pn )

15 bqwn n \hw_ 2018 Artificial Intelligence And Robotics (14 mw t]pn \n v) Sv Xp-S-cp- -Xv Kq-Kn-fn-s A-Snÿm-\ aq-ey-ß-fp-ss-bpw,- Don t be Evil- -F- tam-t m-bpss-bpw ew-l-\-hpw ss\-xn-i -[m -Ωn-I D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø- Øn -\n- p- H-gn- p-am-d-epam-sw- v A-h hm-zn- p. C- Xn-s -sbm-s ^-e-am-bn {]- Xn-tcm-[ cw-k-øv G-s -Sp- m t]m-ip- I-cm-dp-Iƒ- v am - -Z -i-i-am-bn H-cp X-Xz-kw-ln- X D- m- m-sa- v Kq-Knƒ I- º-\n hm-kv-zm-\w sn-bv-xp. ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿn-xn F-ßn-s\-bm-Wv A-Xn-s em- `-s m-xn im-kv-{x- -km-t -Xn- I cw-k-tø- v hym-]n- n- p- - Xv F- -Xn-\v C-Xn-epw {]-I-Sam-b a-s - v D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wp- -Xv? ssk-\n-i-h - -cn- s - H-cp k-º-zv-l-s-\ A-Xnse hn-z-kv- -am - pw im-kv- {X- -am - pw kr-jv-sn- p- [m -Ωn-I- -ss\-xn-i Zp-c-hÿ-bv- v C-Xn-epw \- F- p- Zm-l-c-W-am-Wp- -Xv? ]-t h-en-sbm-cp hn-`m-kw im-kv-{x- -cpw Cu cw-k-sø hn-z-kv- -cpw X-ß-fp-sS [m -Ωn-I- ss\-xn-i D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Øw \nd-th- p-sa- v D-d- n- p ]-d- psim- v ap-t m- v h-cp- p-s - -Xv H-cp {]-Xym-im-In-c-W-am- Wv. \n -Ωn-X _p- n- -tdm-t_m- n-iv-kv cw-k-ß-fn-se B-bn-c- - W- n-\v hn-z-kv- hn-hn-[ cm- Py-ß-fn kz-bw \n-b-{ n-x B-bp-[-߃-s -Xn-sc, A-h a- \p-jy-cm-in-bv- p- m- m t]m-ip- h hn-]-øn-s\-xnsc ap- -dn-bn- v \ -In-s m- v \-S-Øn-b {]-Nm-c-W-Øn-s ^- e-am-bm-wv ta - -d- {]-Xntj-[ ]-cn-]m-sn-iƒ \-S- -Xv. sh-sn-a-cp- n-\pw A-Wzm-bp-[- Øn-\pw ti-jw bp- -cw-k-øp- m-b aq- mw hn-π-hw F- p hn-ti-jn- n- -s -Sp- -kz-bw \n-b-{ n-x B-bp-[-߃- hn- I-kn- n- p- -Xv \n-tcm-[n- m H-cp A- m-cm-jv-{s D-S- º-Sn th-w-sa- v \n -Ωn-X _p- n- -tdm-t_m- n-iv-kv cw-k-ß-fnse 3,978 K-th-j-I-cpw a- v cw- K-ß-fn-ep- im-kv-{x- am, s{]m-^-k -am, _p- n- Po-hn-Iƒ F- n-h-cpƒ-s -ss 22,541 t]-cpw H- n- H-cp Xp-d- I-Øn-eq-sS B-h-iy-s -Sp- I-bp- m-bn. \n -Ωn-X _p- n A-Sn-ÿm-\-am- n-bp- km-t - Xn-I hn-zy D-]-tbm-Kn- p- B- bp-[-߃ Np-cp-ßn-b h -j߃- p-f-fn hn-\y-kn- m \n-b-a-]-c-am-bn- -s - n-epw {]mtbm-kn-i-am-bn km-[y-am-sw- Im-cyw Du- n- -d- p-sim- v A-h C-{]-Im-cw H-cp kp-{]- [m-\ h-kv-xp-x D-b -Øn- m- imkv-{xt\ -ß-fpsS ap-x-em-fn-ø Zp-cp-]-tbm-K-Øn-s\-Xn-sc Pm{K-X ]m-en pi n: "A-Wzm-bp-[-ß-fn -\n- pw hy-xy-kv-x-am-bn "-kz-bw \n-b- { n-x B-bp-[-߃' \n -Ωn- m hn-e-iq-sn-b-txm e-`n- m _p- n-ap- p- -txm B- b h-kv-xp- ƒ B-h-iy-an- m- Ø-Xn-\m A-h k -Δ-hym-]nbpw Ip-d- Nn-e-hn F- m ssk-\n-i i- n-iƒ- pw h txm-xn D-ev-]m-Zn- n- m I- gn-bp-w-hn-[-hpw B-Ipw-'. A-h C-{]-Im-cw ap- -dn-bn- v \ -In: "C-Ø-cw B-bp-[-߃ I-cn- - -bn-epw `o-i-c-cp-ss ssi-i-fnepw F-Øn-t -cm A-[n-Iw Xm-a-k-an- -'. A-h ho- pw Du- n- -d- p:"a-\p-jy-k-aq-l- Øn-\v h-f-sc-b-[n-iw {]-tbm- P-\w sn-øm \n -Ωn-X _p- n- v A-]m-c-am-b km-[y-x-ifp- v, A-Xv sn-øp-i F- -Xp- X-s -bm-i-ww Cu ta-j-e-bpss e- y-hpw. \n -Ωn-X _p- n D-]-tbm-Kn- p- B-bp-[- - -bw F- -Xv \n-ir-jv-s-am-b B-i-b-am-Wv. B-{I-a-W-Øn- \m-bp- kz-bw \n-b-{ n-x B-bp-[-߃ \n-tcm-[n- p-sim- v A-Xn-s\ X-S-b-Ww'. kz-bw \n-b-{ n-x B-bp-[- ߃-s -Xn-sc-bp- C-h-cp-sS {]-Nm-c-W {]-h -Ø-\-ß-sf P- \m-[n-]-xy hn-izm-kn-i-fpw k- am-[m-\ Imw- n-i-fp-am-b F- m P-\-ß-fpw Xo - -bm-bpw k -Δm-fl-\m kzm-k-xw snøpw. ]-t A-Xn-ep-]-cn-bm-bn F- m cm-py-ß-fn-epw km-{am-py- Xz hn-cp- ap-t - -ß-fn-eq-sS kz-bw \n-b-{ n-x B-bp-[-ßfp-sS D-ev-]m-Z-\-Øn-s\-Xn-sc s]m-xp-p-\m-`n-{]m-bw cq-]o-i-cns -Sp-t - -Xn-s A-Sn-b- ncm-h-iy-i-x-bp- v. ]-t, kz-bw \n-b-{ n-x B-bp-[-ß-fp-sS B-k- -am-b Cu A-]-I-S-tØm-sSm- w a- s m-cp A-]-I-S `o-j-wn-bpw ap- X-em-fn-Ø- hy-h-ÿn-xn-bn D- b - p-h-cp- p- v. tem-i-sa- ºm-Spw tpm-en ÿn-c-x-bpw ÿn-c-tpm-en-bpw H-cp ]-g- -Ybm- n am- n-s m- v Ip-d- i-º-f-øn Iq-Sp-X tpm-en sn-tø- n h-cp- Xm - m-en- Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep- I-cm sxm-gn-ep-iƒ \n-e-hn h- psim- n-cn- p-tºmƒ F-ßns\-bm-Wv Cu Hmt m-taj P- \-ß-sf _m-[n- m t]m-ip- -Xv? \n -±m- n-wy-ap- Nqj-Ww \n-e-\n - p- sxmgn cw-kw C-t mƒ-x-s P- \-ß-sf ho - p-ap- n- p-sim- ncn- p-i-bm-wv. ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿ-bn h-f - p-sim- ncn- p- Hmt m-taj sim- v F- p-]-tbm-k-am-wv km-[m-c- W P-\-߃- p- m-b-xv? em- `w ]-c-am-h-[n h - n- n- m-\mbn h-f-sc-b-[n-iw P-\-ß-sf sxm-gn-en \n- pw \o- w snøp-hm am-{x-am-wv ap-x-em-fn- Øw b-{ -h - -c-w-sø D- ]-tbm-k-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- -Xv. D- Zm-l-c-W-am-bn B- nƒ,- Kq-Knƒ, B-a-tkm F- o I-º-\n- Iƒ- v D-]-I-c-W-߃ hn-x-c- Ww sn-øp- km-t -Xn-I cw- K-sØ `o-a I-º-\n-bm-b Foxconn, ,000 ^m- Iv-S-dn sxm-gn-em-fn-iƒ- v ]-Icw tdm-t_m- p-i-sf D-]-tbm-Kn- p. \n -Ωn-X _p- n D-]-tbm- Kn- p- b-{ -h - -c-ww Imc-Ww hn-h-c km-t -Xn-I-hn-Zy cw-k-sø Ip-d- ssh-z-kv-[yw B-h-iy-ap i-x-am-\w tpm-en-iƒ C- m-xm-hp-sa- v ]- e I-º-\n ta-[m-hn-i-fpw ap- dn-bn- v \ -In-bn- p- v. hn-h-c km-t -Xn-I-hn-Zy cw-k-sø \- Ωp-sS cm-py-sø kw-l-s-\-bmb NASS-COM (The National Association of Software and Services Comp-anies) Cu ta- J-e-bn tpm-en sn-øp- 40 i-x-am-\w t]-sc- n-epw A-Sp- Ø A- v h -j-߃- p- n ]p-xn-b km-t -Xn-I hn- Zy-I-ƒ ]Tn- p-i-bpw ]p-xn-b ssh-z-kv-[y-߃ B - n- p-ibpw sn-bv-xm-te sxm-gn \- jv-sw \n-b-{ n- p-\n -Øm ]- p-i-bp- q F- v A-`n-{]m-b-s - p (The Times of India ). Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) ta-j-e-i-fn 2020 B-Ip-tºm-tg- p-x-s sxm-gn \-jv-s-s -Sm Xp-Sßp-sa- -Xv C-t mƒ-x-s Aw- Ko-I-cn- -s - p-sim- n-cn- p- H-cp h-kv-xp-x-bm-wv. ]-t P- \-ß-sf am-\-kn-i-am-bn ]-cp-hs -Sp-Øn-sb-Sp- m, \-jv-s-s - Sp- sxm-gn-ep-iƒ- v ]-I-c-ambn ]p-xn-b X-cw sxm-gn-ep-iƒ kr-jv-sn- -s -Sp-sa- pw B km-l-n-cyw D-]-tbm-K-s -Sp- Øm-\m-bn ]p-xn-b ssh-z-kv-[y߃ B - n-t - -Xp-aps - p-ap- \p-w {]-Nm-c-Ww ap-x-em-fn h - w t_m-[-]q -Δw \-S-Øn-s m- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. A-Xn-\p-]p-d-ta, ssh-hn-[y-ßfm-b ssh-z-kv-[y-߃ B - n- p-sim- v B-I -j-i-am-b D- b - i-º-f-ap- tpm-en kzmb-ø-am- m [m-cm-fw D-]-tZi-ß-fpw C-h P-\-߃- v hnf-ºn-s m- n-cn- p- p- v. tim-`-\-am-b `m-hn-sb- p-dn- v ]-d-bp-i-bpw A-tXm-sSm- w-xs sxm-gn ta-j-e-bn -\n- pw ]p-d-øm-hp- -Xv am-dn-b km-l-n-cy-øn-\-\p-k-cn- v ]p- Xn-b ssh-z-kv-[y-߃ t\-sm {i-an- m-ø-h-cm-sw- p-ap- k-tμ-iw hyw-ky-am-bn sim-sp- m-\pw {i-an- p- H-cp Zzn-ap- 15 J X-{ -am-wv C-t mƒ I- ph-cp- -Xv. Cu co-xn-bn C- t mƒ \n-e-\n - p- sxm-gnep-iƒ-t]m-epw sh- n- p-cp- m h-gn-sx-fn- m-\p- {iaw ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿn-xn B-cw-`n- p-i-gn- p. _nkn\- v t{]m-k- v Hu vtkm-gv-knwkv cw-k-øpw hn-h-c km-t -Xn-I-hn-Zy cw-k-øpw D- m-ip-sa- v {]-h-nn- sxmgn \-jv-sw H-cp Xp-S- w am- {X-am-Wv. _m- nw-kv, \n -Ωm-W ta-j-e, J-\-\w, km-aq-ly-ta- J-e, tk-h-\ ta-j-e Xp-S-ßnb D-ev-]m-Z-\-Øn-s -bpw sxmgn-en-s -bpw F- m cw-k-ß-fnepw Hmt m-taj (Automation) \n- -b-am-bpw h-cm t]m- Ip-I-bm-Wv. McKinsey Global Institue s A-Sp-Ø-Im-e-sØ dn-t m - v {]-Im-cw 2030 B-Iptºm-tg-bv- pw C-t m-gp- B-sI sxm-gn-ep-i-fp-ss aq- n -c- v `m-k-øv Np-cp-ßn-b- Xv 30 i-x-am-\w {]-h -Ø-\- ß-fn-se- n-epw Hmt m-taj\p- m-hp-i-bpw A-Xv 800 aney sxm-gn-ep-i-sf _m-[n- p-i-bpw sn-øpw. C- v \n -Ωn-X _p- n- -tdmt_m- n-iv-kv ta-j-e-bn-ep- m-b A- p-x-i-c-am-b t\- -ß-fpw im-kv-{x-øn-s -bpw km-t -Xn- I hn-zy-bp-ss-bpw ta-j-e-i-fnep- m-b A-Xn-i-bn- n- p- ap-t - -hpw a-\p-jy Po-hn-XsØ k-ºp-jv-s-am- n-s m- v h-ºn- km-aq-ln-i ]p-tcm-k-xn ssi-h-cn- m-\p- A-\- km- [y-x-iƒ kr-jv-sn- p-tºmƒ ap-x-em-fn-ø hy-h-ÿn-xn Cu ap-t - w D-]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øp- - Xv em-`-øn-\p th- n P-\-ßsf _-en-bm-sm- m-\pw F- m X-c-Øn-ep-ap- bm-x-\-i-fpw ]o-u-\-ß-fpw P-\-߃- v \ - In-s m- v km-aq-ly-]p-tcm-k- Xn-sb X-S- -s -Sp-Øm-\p-amsW- -Xv Xn-I- pw hn-tcm-[m-`mk-am-wv. F- m Cu hn-jb-øn Nn- m- p-g- w D- mti- -Xn-. \n -Ωn-X _p- nbn-epw tdm-t_m- n-iv-kn-ep-ap- m-b h-ºn- hn-im-k-a- a- dn- v Im-e-l-c-W-s - ap-x-emfn-ø-am-wv {]-iv-\-ß-fp- m- p- -Xv. im-kv-{x- -km-t -Xn-I cw-k-øp- m-ip- h-f - -bn-eqss \n -_m-[w h-f - p hn-ikn- p- D-ev-]m-Z-\ i- n-ifpw am- -an- m-sx ÿm-bn-bm-bn \n - p- ap-x-em-fn-ø D-ev- ]m-z-\ _- -hpw X-Ωn-ep-f-f A-]-cn-lm-cy-am-b ssh-cp- yw F-ßn-s\ km-aq-ly ]p-tcm-k- Xn-sb X-S- -s -Sp-Øp- p-sh- -Xm-Wv C-Xn-eq-sS hy- -am- Ip- -Xv. A-Xp-sIm- v \n -Ωn- X _p- n-bn-epw tdm-t_m- n-ivkn-epw im-kv-{x- -km-t -Xn-I cw-k-ß-fn-ep-ap- m-b A-Xn-ibn- n- p- hn-im-k-øn-s A-]-I-S-I-c-am-b Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw D- m- p- {]-iv-\-߃ ]-cnl-cn- m-\p-f-f H-tc-sbm-cp am - w Im-e-l-c-W-s - ap-x-em-fn- Ø hy-h-ÿn-xn C- m-xm- n tkm-jy-en-ãv hy-h-ÿn-xn ÿm-]n-s -Sp- p-i F- -Xv am- {X-am-Wv. C-Xn-\p am-{x-ta imkv-{x-sø-bpw km-t -Xn-I hn- Zy-sb-bpw ap-x-em-fn-ø-øn-s em-`m -Øn-bp-sS ]n-sn-bn -\n- pw tam-nn- n- p-sim- v k-aql-øn-s \n -_m-[-am-b apt - -Øn-\pw ]p-tcm-k-xn- p-ambn ]q -Æ-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn- m- \p- km-l-n-cyw kr-jv-sn- m- \m-hq. C-Xv sh-dp-sam-cp kn- m- -a-. a-dn- v, sam-øw k-aql-øn-s _u- n-i-hpw kmwkv-im-cn-i-hp-am-b B-h-iy-I-Xsb ]-c-am-h-[n Xr-]v-Xn-s -Sp- Øm-\m-bn D-ev-]m-Z-\w \-S-Ønb tkm-jy-en-ãv hy-h-ÿbn P-\-Po-hn-X-Øn-s F- m ta-j-e-i-fn-ep-ap- m-b D-b - bpw hn-im-k-hpw sx-fn-bn- - h- kv-xp-x-bp-am-wv. D-b - kmt -Xn-I hn-zy D-]-tbm-Kn- v D- ev-]m-z-\ {]-{In-b-sb \n-c- -cw hn-i-kn- n- p-sim- v ap-t m- v t]m-b tkm-jy-en-ãv hy-h-ÿn- Xn-bn k-º-zv-l-s-\-bv- pw imkv-{x-øn-\pw km-t -Xn-I hn- Zy-bv- pw D- m-b ]p-tcm-k-xnbp-ss ^-e-am-bn Ãm-en A- t±-l-øn-s \n-cym-w-øn-\v sxm- p-ap -]v tkm-hn-b- v bq- Wn-b-\n sxm-gn k-a-bw B-tdm A-s - n A-t m a- Wn- q-dm-bn Ip-d-bv- p- -Xn-s\- p-dn- pw i-º-fw C-c- n-bm- p- -Xn-s\- p-dn- pw F- m-h - pw D-b - km-t -Xn-I hn- Zym-`ym-kw \ -Ip- -Xn-s\- pdn- pw B-tem-Nn- p-i-bp- m-bn. C-Xv \-S- -Xv \n -Ωn-X _p- nsb- p-dn- v ti- n- p-t]m-ep-an- m- Ø Im-e-Øm-sW- -Xv {]-txy- Iw F-Sp-Øp-]-d-tb- -Xm-Wv. km-aq-ly hn-im-k-øn-s \n-b-a-߃- -\p-k-cn- v k-º-zv- L-S-\-bn-se D-ev-]m-Z-\ _- - Øn hn-π-h-i-c-am-b am- w sim- p-h-tc- -Xn-s B-hiy-I-X-bn B-Wv C- v \mw F-Øn-\n - p- -Xv. A-Xn-\mbn, \n -Ωn-X _p- n-bn-epw tdmt_m- n-iv-kn-ep-ap- m-b h-ºn- ap-t - -sø Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw snøp- -Xn-s\-Xn-sc tem-i-sa-ºm- Sp-ap-f-f P-\m-[n-]-Xy hn-izm-kn- I-sf-bpw k-am-[m-\ Imw- n- I-sf-bpw H-cp-an- n- p-sim- v i- -am-b km-{am-py-xz hn-cp- {]-t m-`w h-f -Øn-sb-Sp- p- I F- -Xm-Wv \-Ωp-sS A-Snb- -c I -Ø-hyw.

16 Date of publishing 01/11/2018 REGISTERED R.N /1992 P.R.No. KL/TV(N)/452/ "imkv-{x-sø k-aq-l-hp-am-bn D-Zv-{K-Yn pi' UNITY Vol.45 No.7 Price : Rs 5.00 MALAYALAM MONTHLY November 2018 t{_-iv{xq k-b -kv skm-ssk- n kw-l-sn- n- p tz-io-b im-kv-{x k-tω-f-\w 2018 Un-kw-_ 15,16 sim - -Ø- tz-io-b X-e-Øn {]-h - Øn- p- k- - -im-kv-{x kw-l-s-\-bm-b t{_-iv-{xp k- b -kv skm-ssk- n "im-kv-{xhpw k-aq-l-hp-am-bp- D-Zv-{K- Y-\w' (Integrating Science with Society) F- hn-j-b-øn H- cp tz-io-b im-kv-{x k-tω-f- \w \-S-Øp- p F- -dn-bp- -Xv B-im-h-l-am-b H- m-wv Un-kw-_ 15,16 Xo-b-Xn-I-fn sim - -Ø-bn-se Pm-Z-hv-]q k -Δ-I-em-im-e-bn-se Km- n `-h-\n-em-wv k-tω-f-\w \-S- p- -Xv F- m-wv t{_-iv {Xp k- b -kv skm-ssk- n-bp-ss HutZym-Kn-I `m-c-hm-ln-iƒ A-dnbn- n-cn- p- -Xv. C- y-bn-en- v ssh- m-\n- I-cw-K-Øv Zr-iy-am-Ip- D-Xv-I- WvTm-P-\-I-am-b ]-e {]-iv-\-ß- fp- -ss-bpw ]- m-ø-e-øn {]- Xo- -bp-ss In-c-W-߃ snmcn-bp- -Xm-Wv Cu k-tω-f-\-sa- v {]-Xo- n- mw. hn-iz-{]-kn- `m-c-xo-b im-kv-{x- P- b- v hn.\ -en- Cu k-tωf-\ {]-ta-b-tøm-sv k -Δm-fl- \m tbm-pn p-sim- v ]-s -Sp- p-sa- -Xv ip-t`m-z - -am-wv. A- -t±-io-b X-e-Øn im-kv-{x-øn-s hn-hn-[ ta-je-i-fn K-Wy-am-b kw-`m-h-\- Iƒ \ -In-s m- n-cn- p- \n-c-h-[n im-kv-{x- C- v C- y-bn-ep- v. ln-kv-kv t_mtkm-wn-s A-kv-Xn-Xzw ÿm- ]n- hn-jym-x-am-b F -F- vkn(large Hydron Collider) ]- co- -W-Øn-epw Kp-cp-Xzm-I - j-w X-cw-K-ß-fp-sS D- ÿm-]n- ]-co- -W-ß-fn-epsa- mw C- y im-kv-{x- - v \n -Æm-b-I-am-b ]- m-fn-ø-ap- m-bn-cp- p. ]- t, ti-{μ-øn-se-bpw hn-hn- [ kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-se-bpw cm- { o-bm-[n-im-cw I-øm-fp- ]- e-cp-ss-bpw ]-e Hu-tZym-Kn-I kw-l-s-\-i-fp-ss tz-io-b ta- [m-hn-i-fp-ss-bpw Xn-I- pw A- im-kv-{xo-b-hpw A-_- -P-Sn-ehp-am-b P-ev-]-\-߃-aq-ew C- y im-kv-{x k-aq-lw tem- I-Øn-\p-ap- n e- m-`m-cw \n-an-øw Nq-fn \n -t - p- A-h-ÿ-bpw Cu-bn-sS kw-pm- X-am-bn- p- v. ]u-cm-wn-i `mc-xo-b im-kv-{x t\- -ß-sf- pdn- p- A-Xn-cp-I-S- A-h-Imi hm-z-ß-fpw ]-cn-wm-a-kn- m- -sø A-S- m-t -]n- p-, a-{ n-am-cpƒ- -ss-bp- -h-cp-ss ]-cn-lm-k-ß-fpw ]-ip-hn-s\- p- n- - n-bp- a-l-xz-h-xv- -c-w {ia-ß-fp-sa- mw B-h -Øn- psim-t -bn-cn- p-i-bm-w-t m. Nn-e hy- n-i-fp-ss A-an-Xm-thiw sim- p- m-ip- A-]-{`wi-ß-sf- \n-e-bn -am-{xw Im- Wm I-gn-bp- -X- C-Xv; a- dn- v C- y ssh- m-\n-icw-k-sø B-g-Øn _m-[n- n- p- Nn-e Kp-cp-X-c-ß-fm-b {]- iv-\-ß-fp-ss {]-Xn-^-e-\-ß-fmbm-Wv C-h-sb a-\- n-em-t - -Xv. F-Æ-a- hn-hn-[-ß-fm-b am - -ß-fn-eq-sS im-kv-{xw, B- [p-\n-i a-\p-jy-po-hn-x-sø kzm-[o-\n- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. im-kv-{x-øn-s t\- -ß-fpw A-Xp-\ -Ip- ku-i-cy-ßfpw h-f-sc kzm-`m-hn-i-sa- \ne-bn \-Ωp-sS Po-hn-X-Øns `m-k-am-wn- v. H-cp kzn- n- Sp-tºmƒ {]-Im-iw snm-cn-bp- ssh-zyp-xn-sb- p-dn- v \mw A- p-x-s -Sm-dn-. k-am-\-am-b im-kv-{x-t\- -߃ ]-e-xpw A- {X-ta \-Ωp-sS Po-hn-X-Øns `m-k-am-wv. ]-t im-kv- {X-sa- -Xv ti-h-ew km-t -Xn- I-hn-Im-k-hp-am-bn am-{xw _- -s - -Xm-Wv F- [m-c-wbpw C-sXm-sSm- -ap- m-ip- p- v. im-kv-{xw H-cp tem-i-ho- -W-co-Xn-bm-Wv; h-kv-xp-{]-]- -sø \n-co- n- m-\pw a-\- n-em- m-\p-ap- hy-xn-c-n- - am-b am - -am-w-xv. {]-Ir-Xnsb h-kv-xp-\n-jvt-am-bn a-\- n- em- m-\p- k-hn-ti-j-am-b H- cp co-xn-imkv{xw a-\- n-ep-d- n- p- im-kv-{x-øn-\v km-aqln-i {]-Xn-_- -X-bp-ap- v. imkv-{x-øn-s Z -i-\-am-i-s, {]m-no-\-tam B-[p-\n-I-tam B- b a- p-]-e Zm -i-\n-i ]- -Xn- I-fn -\n- pw Xp-temw hy-xykv-x-hp-am-wv. F- m tj-z-ic-am-wv, \-Ωp-sS \m- n-se hn- Zym-`ym-k k-{º-zm-bw im-kv-{x- Øn-s km-t -Xn-I h-i-ß-fnem-wv Iq-Sp-X-em-bq- p- -Xv. k-b -kn-s co-xn-im-kv-{x- Øn-\pw A-Xn-s Z -i-\-øn- \pw ho- -W-co-Xn- pw A-{]- k- -am-b ]-cn-n-c-ww am-{xta e-`n- p- p- p. \-Ωp-sS hn- Zym-`ym-kw, {]-txy-in- v kv- Iqƒ X-e-Øn-se hn-zym-`ym-kw hn-th-i-tøm-ss Nn- n- m-\pw bp- n-]-c-am-bn {]-h -Øn- m- \pw Ip- n-i-sf ]-cn-io-en- n- p- H- -. im-kv-{xo-b a-t\m- L-S-\ kzmw-io-i-cn- m-\pw t{]m- m-ln- n- m-\pw ]u-c- m-sc D-Zv-t_m-[n- n- p- H-cp `-c-w-l-s-\ \-ap- p-s - nepw Im-cy-Im-c-W-_- -am-b Nn-, h-kv-xp-\n-jvt-x, Zr-V-am-b tnm-zyw-sn-ø a-t\m-`m-hw Xp- S-ßn-b Kp-W-hn-ti-j-ß-sfm- pw-x-s C- y k-aq-l- Øn-s a-t\m-l-s-\-bn thtcm-sn-bn- p- -Xm-bn \mw Im-Wp- n-. \-Ωp-sS k-aq-l-øn-\pw im-kv-{x-øn-\pw-x-s tim- wh-cp-øp- X-c-Øn k-aq-lhpw im-kv-{x-hpw-x-ωn H-cp hn-s-hv cq-]w-sim- n-cn- p- p. Z- b-\o-b-am-b Po-hn-X km-l-ncy-ß-fn -\n- v D-b - v a-\ptjym-nn-x-am-bn Po-hn- p-hm h-en-sbm-cp hn-`m-kw P-\-߃- pw km-[n- m-sx h-cp- C- v km-aq-ln-i ]n- p-w-bp-ss A-`m-h-Øn \-Ωp-sS im-kv- {X-cw-K-hpw o-wn-x-am-bns m- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Cu k-μn-kv- m-h-ÿ-bn \-S- p- im-kv-{x-k-tω-f-\w A-Xn N - -sn-øm t]m-ip- hn-j-b-ß-fp-ss {]m-[m-\ywsim- v \-Ωp-sS im-kv-{x-cw-k- Øn-s `m-hn-sb kw-_- n- n- S-tØm-fw \n -Æm-b-I-am-Wv. im-kv-{x-øn-s Z -i-\w, im-kv-{xo-b a-t\m-`m-h-øn-s cq-]o-i-c-ww, im-kv-{x {]-tbm- K-Øn-se ss\-xn-i-x, im-kv- {X hn-zym-`ym-k- Øn-s \-ho-i-c- Ww F- n-ß-s\ \m-ev kp-{]-[m-\ ta-j-e-i-sf A-[n- I-cn- p-\-s- p- k-tω-f-\ sk-j- \p-i-fn `m-c-x- Øn-se C- -sø im-kv-{x-cw-k-sø X-e-sb-Sp- p- \nc-h-[n D- -X-cm-b im-kv-{x- ]-s -Sp- p- p- v. \m-apƒ-s -ss-bp- h-kv-xp- {]-]- -Øn-s s]m-cp-f-dn-bm- \p- i-cn-bm-b co-xn-imkv{xta-xv F- -Xv I-gn- c- v \q- m- m-bp- X - hn-j-b-am- Wv. H- n-\p ]-I-cw a-s m- v F- X-c-Øn A-h-X-cn- n- s -Sp- `u-xn-i-hm-zw, B-i-bhm-Zw, t]m-kn- n-hn-kw, D-Ø-cm- [p-\n-i-x, A-flo-b-hm-Zw Xp-Sßn-b ]-e ]- -Xn-I-fpw _u- n-i ta-j-e-bn-se B-[n-]-Xy- Øn-\m-bn t]m-cm-sn-s m- n-cn- p- p- v. C-hn-sS {]-[m-\-s - H-cp Im-cyw \mw {i- n-t - -Xp- v. Cu h-kv-xp-\n-jvt-amb {]-]- -Øn-se {]-Xn-`m-kß-sf- p-dn- v ]Tn- p-tºmƒ im-kv-{x-, A-h-c-h-cp-sS hn-ti-jm-h-km-l ta-j-e-i-fn h-kv-xp-\n-jvt-am-sbm-cp k-ao-]- \w-ssi-s m- p am-{x-ta k- Xy-Øn-se-Øm I-gn-bq F- - Xn-\m, A-dn-t m A-dn-bmsX-tbm h-kv-xp-\n-jvt-hpw `u- Xn-I-hm-Z-]-c-hp-am-b co-xn-im-kv- {Xw kzo-i-cn- p- p- v. ]-t kz- w k-hn-ti-j ta-j-e-bn - \n- v ]p-d-øp-i-s- p-tºmƒ ]- e-cpw ta - -d- hn-hn-[-ßfm-b Zm -i-\n-i ]- -Xn-I-fp-sS kzm-[o-\-øn -s - p-t]m-ip- - Xm-bn Im-Wmw. im-kv-{x- t_m-[-]q -Δw kzo-i-cnt - p- Z -i-\-sø- p-dn- p- B-g-Øn-ep- Dƒ- m-gv- Cu ta-j-e-bn-se N - {]-Zm- \w sn-øp-sa- v {]-Xo- n- mw. km-[m-c-w P- \-ß-fp-sS a-\- n im-kv-{xo-b a-t\m-l-s-\ ÿm- ]n-s -Sp- m-\p- h-gn-i-sf- p-dn- pw A-im-kv-{Xo-b [mc-w-i-fpw A- - hn-izm-k-ß-fpw cq- V-aq-e-am-b k-aql a-\- n-s\ imkv-{x-øn-s k-lm-b-tøm-ss {]-`m-]q-cn-x-am- m-\p- {i-aß-sf- p-dn- p-ap- A-t\z-j- W-߃ kzm-`m-hn-i-am-bpw k- tω-f-\-øn-ep- m-ipw. im-kv- {X-K-th-j-W cw-k-sø A-\mtcm-Ky {]-h-w-x-i-sf Zq-co-Icn- v \-Ωp-sS im-kv-{x-cw-k-sø ip- o-i-cn- p- -Xn-s\-bpw imkv-{x-hn- m-\-hpw a-t\m-l-s- \-bpw {]-Zm-\w sn-øp- Imcy-Øn \-Ωp-sS hn-zym-`ym-k k-{º-zm-b-øn h-cp-tø- \-ho-i-c-w {]-{In-b-I-sf-bpw Ip-dn- v hn-z-kv- m-`n-{]m-bw cq-]o- I-cn- m-\pw k-tω-f-\w D-t±-in- p- p. im-kv-{xo-tb-x-c-hpw ]-et m-gpw im-kv-{x-hn-cp- -hp-am-b Nn- m-k-xn-iƒ- v \-Ωp-sS D- - X-hn-Zym-`ym-k ÿm-]-\-߃-hsc th-zn-bm-ip- C- m-e-øv A-Xy- w a-l-ø-c-sa- n-epw C-S- m-e-øv Im-fn-a-bm - pt]m-b \-Ωp-sS im-kv-{x-cw-ksø Kp-W-]-c-am-bn am- n-sb-sp- p-hm-\p- H-cp Im -h-bv-s - \n-e-bn i-mkv-{x-ip-xp-in- I-fp-sS k-hn-ti-j {i- -bpw k-l-i-c-w-hpw Cu k-tω-f- \w B-h-iy-s -Sp- p- v. Edited, Printed & Published by C. K. Lukose, SUCI(C) Office, T.C. 12/1242, Law College Jn, Kunnukuzhy, Trivandrum Ph: ; unitymagazine@gmail.com; Website: on behalf of Kerala State Committee, SUCI(C). Printed at Cochin Printech Pvt Ltd, Kochi.